ISO - International Organization for Standardization

This document specifies sampling and test methods for the determination of the general characteristics of organic chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants (including wax) and vulcanizing agents (excluding peroxides).

This document describes a classification of metallic blast-cleaning abrasives for the preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. It specifies the characteristics which are required for the complete designation of such abrasives. This document applies to abrasives supplied in the "new" or unused condition only. It does not apply to abrasives either during or after use. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for the preparation of steelwork, the properties specified are generally appropriate when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2 [7].

This document describes the concept and general principles of EDA for categorical and numerical data. It also provides some guidelines for conducting EDA and its place within Six Sigma projects. This document focuses on the graphical tools of EDA. It is applicable to organizations using manufacturing processes as well as service and transactional processes.

This document provides test methodologies for assessing the compatibility of wet wipes and moist toilet tissue with the wastewater collection and treatment systems, and it specifies appropriate labelling for products deemed incompatible. The products that this document is applicable for are wet wipes and moist toilet tissue. This document does not cover: toilet paper as defined and covered by other ISO documents; chemical toilets or compost toilets that are not connected to sewer systems; macerator and vacuum sewer systems; water soluble polymers.

This document specifies the determination of height-resolved profiles of atmospheric backscattering by means of active optical sounding. The measurements allow the following properties of the atmosphere up to several kilometres above ground to be derived: cloud bases; upper boundaries of optically thin clouds; upper and lower boundaries and internal structures of particle layers: height of structures, e.g. inversions, boundary layer height, mixing layer height (under suitable conditions); attenuated backscatter of the particles; particle backscatter and extinction coefficients (requires further assumptions). The document also addresses the depolarisation lidar and the use of multi-wavelength systems. This allows further parameters to be determined: particle size classification (Ångström exponent, colour ratio); shape classification (linear depolarisation degree). The following fields of application are particularly important: air quality monitoring (vertical structure of the boundary layer); aviation safety (cloud base and visual range) (see ISO 28902-1[8]); particle content and transport (e.g. volcanic dust); weather forecasting and climate modelling (e.g. atmospheric boundary layer, cloud base, cloud microphysics); satellite remote sensing (validation). Examples that illustrate these applications are discussed in Annex A. The benefits of scanning systems for parameters mentioned above are also discussed in Clause A.7. In addition, particle backscatter lidars that measure at least two carefully selected wavelengths can be used to determine atmospheric gas concentrations. This is known as the differential absorption lidar “DIAL” technique. This technique is not part of this document and has been described in VDI 4210-1[12]. This document does not specify extended lidar techniques that monitor the following parameters quantitatively: inelastic scattering effects such as, Raman scattering, Doppler broadening, Doppler shift, multiple scattering, modulation techniques, and spectral separation of molecular and particle backscattering [high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL)]. Some of these extended techniques are or will be described in other parts of the ISO 28902 series. This document does not address special features of airborne or satellite-borne systems.

This document describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.

This document gives guidance on the implementation of a statistical process control (SPC) system and an overview of tools and techniques to assist an organisation in planning, implementing and evaluating an effective statistical process control (SPC) system. This document specifies SPC system guidelines for use when a supplier's capability to reduce variation in processes associated with design or production needs to be proven or improved, or when a supplier is beginning SPC implementation to achieve such capability. This document considers the complete industrial supply chain. It describes some essential statistical methods that can be used to continuously improve capability or performance and stability of production processes. The bottom line is that production processes are controlled economically, promptly and effectively. As a result, a predefined level of quality can be realised. The improvement of stability and performance or capability of the production processes effectively reduces waste and machine downtime or increases productivity. If defective production parts are found in a random sample, they can be sorted out and, if necessary, further measures can be initiated.

This document specifies three methods for quantitative measurement of crystalline silica (CS) major polymorphs (quartz and cristobalite) mass percentage content in bulk samples using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). This document also provides general information about the capabilities and limitations of relevance to laboratories working for routine testing. Only X-ray diffractometers with Bragg-Brentano geometry are considered. XRPD techniques are used to characterize specimens in the form of loose powders, where the median grain size is between 1 μm and 10 μm physical diameter. Block specimens are not considered. Although a number of methods of analysis are considered in this document, other XRPD methods of analysis can be considered if they are demonstrated to give equivalent results.

This document specifies the procedures to be considered when carrying out vibration diagnostics of various types of electric motors. The four motor types covered by this document are squirrel-cage induction, wound-rotor induction, salient-pole, and DC. NOTE Motor types a) and b) are defined in ISO 20958. This document is mostly applicable to motors with power above 15 kW. This document is intended to be used by condition monitoring practitioners, engineers and technicians and provides a practical step-by-step vibration-based approach to fault diagnosis. In addition, it gives several examples for a range of machine and component types and their associated fault symptoms. The procedures presented in this document can, in some cases, be applied to other types of electrical machines, such as generators, but there can be other specific techniques associated with such machines that are not included in this document. The use of non-vibration quantities, such as voltage and current, to identify and analyse vibration-related faults in electric motors is outside the scope of this document.

This document lists gas cylinders valve outlets in use. This document provides details of thread types and sizes. NOTE Complete descriptions of particular valve outlets are given in national standards.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Zanthoxylum nitidum root. This document applies to Zanthoxylum nitidum root sold and used as Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document specifies a method for the enumeration of culturable microorganisms in water by counting colonies on a low-nutrient agar culture medium by spread plate inoculation after incubation at 22 °C for 7 d. This document is applicable to: water from the treatment process of public drinking water supplies (e.g. process water in the waterworks); chlorinated and non-chlorinated tap water in distribution systems and containers; bottled water; well water intended for human consumption. For detailed information on the performance characteristics, see Annex B. This document can be applied to other water matrices if the appropriate validation of performance of this method has been undertaken by the laboratory prior to use.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Sophora tonkinensis root and rhizome. This document applies to Sophora tonkinensis root and rhizome sold and used as Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.

This document specifies the safety and quality requirements for herbal dispensing services. It is applicable to facilities related to large-scale herbal dispensaries, in-house hospital dispensaries and medium to large commercial dispensaries. It does not apply to dispensing services in medical clinics where herbal preparations are dispensed to patients by or under the supervision of the prescribing practitioners. The specifications regarding tools and equipment used in these services are excluded.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the qualification and re-qualification of laser beam machines for metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for aerospace applications. This document can also be applied to non-aerospace applications if this is part of a contract. It can also be used to verify machine features during periodic inspections or following maintenance and repair activities.

This document provides two broad types of requirements for the determination and use of meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) conditions for the design, construction and operation of offshore structures: those related to the determination of environmental conditions in general, together with the metocean parameters that are required to adequately describe them; those related to the characterization and use of metocean parameters for the design, the construction activities or the operation of offshore structures. This document covers the following environmental conditions and metocean parameters: extreme and abnormal values of metocean parameters that recur with given return periods that are considerably longer than the design service life of the structure; long-term distributions of metocean parameters in the form of cumulative, conditional, marginal or joint statistics of metocean parameters; normal environmental conditions that are expected to occur frequently during the design service life of the structure. Metocean parameters specified in this document are applicable to: the determination of actions for the design of new structures; the determination of actions for the assessment of existing structures; the site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units; the determination of limiting environmental conditions, weather windows, actions and action effects for pre-service and post-service situations (i.e. fabrication, transportation and installation or decommissioning and removal of a structure); the operation of the platform, where appropriate. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide detailed instructions that can be followed to produce reliable estimates of extreme or abnormal conditions in all areas and in all cases.

This document specifies a method to determine the apparent speech level reduction of furniture ensembles and enclosures (hereinafter referred to as test objects) in field conditions meeting engineering grade of accuracy. The method is applicable to furniture ensembles or enclosures, which can be used by one or more occupants. This method is not intended for single components used in workstations, such as a screen, a storage unit, a table, a luminaire, a cupboard, a bookshelf, a standard chair, a wall absorber, or a ceiling absorber.

This document specifies standard methods for avoiding galvanic corrosion in the design stage and for determining whether actual corrosion damage was caused by galvanic corrosion. It also specifies guideline for standard methods for suppressing galvanic corrosion. This document also provides guidance for predicting galvanic corrosion in different environments (e.g. in water and in atmospheric and soil environments) by numerical calculation based on polarization data. This document does not establish the grounds for indexes related to safety or the loss of functions of materials in actual use. However, this document can be used to estimate the function maintenance life and safety maintenance life of these materials in advance. The responsibility for using the guideline rests with the reader.

This document establishes principles for the classification of child care articles based on chemical hazards, behavioural habits, physiological characteristics, exposure routes and chemical risk assessment methods related to classification. It specifies general and fundamental chemical requirements applicable to all child care articles. It also describes the relationship between this document and specific product standards. NOTE 1 Chemical hazards that are unique to specific product categories of child care articles are addressed in corresponding product standards. NOTE 2 There are many child care articles, and many materials and chemical substances are used. This document cannot cover all child care articles and all chemical hazardous substances, which is why this document also gives principles for dealing with unknown products and chemical substances.

This document establishes the terms and definitions that are used in the field of natural gas, natural gas substitutes, mixtures of natural gas with gaseous fuels (such as unconventional and renewable gases) and wet gas.

This document specifies the interfaces between a launch vehicle (LV) and the spacecraft (SC) being launched, to provide LV and SC organizations with the necessary format for presenting the required technical data on existing and future interfaces. Its intended purpose is to minimize costs and reduce the risks from errors resulting from miscommunication. It does not limit the ability of LV or SC organizations to specify unique requirements.

This document provides requirements for methanol bunkering transfer systems and equipment used to bunker methanol-fuelled vessels. This document covers the following five elements: transfer systems; operational procedures; risk assessment; safety protection; personnel training.

This document specifies the methods and the requirements for the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) fuelling technique used in experimental magnetic confinement fusion facilities. It outlines the SMBI system components, specific requirements, and inspection procedures to ensure the effective and controlled injection of plasma fuel into fusion devices such as international thermonuclear experimental reactor and demonstration power plant. This document applies to the formation of supersonic molecular beam (SMB) and usage of the SMBI technique on the fusion devices, including the specification of gas pressure adjustment, beam characteristics and injection rate requirements, as well as the procedures for verifying these parameters.

This document specifies the interface architecture of industrial digital twin systems, which is structured around three key elements: the digital twin, the physical twin and the interface that links them. Together, these elements form the essential framework of an industrial digital twin. The following are within the scope of this document: Defining the elements of industrial digital twin systems that embody a distinct architecture. Analysing the interactions among the three core elements of industrial digital twin systems Identifying the characteristics that distinguish industrial digital twin systems from related concepts or technologies Examining typical use cases that implement the three-element interface architecture The following is outside the scope of this document: Detailed applications of industrial digital twin systems

This document specifies the dimensions and tolerances of resistance spot welding electrode adaptors where the fixing element for the cap (see ISO 5821 [2]) is a male taper of 1:10 and for which the electrode taper fits in conformance with ISO 1089 [3] .

This document defines the terms used in the ISO standards on the identification of medicinal products (IDMP) and their related technical specifications.

This document specifies the requirements governing the application of a set of explicit algebraic formulae for the calculation of specific characteristics of flashover-related phenomena.

This document defines a method for packaging cryptographic keys for transport. This method can also be used for the storage of keys under an advanced encryption standard (AES) key. The method uses the block cipher AES as the wrapping cipher algorithm. Other methods for wrapping keys are outside the scope of this document but can use the authenticated encryption algorithms specified in ISO/IEC 19772.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for Schisandra chinensis fruit which is derived from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It is applicable to Schisandra chinensis fruit that is sold and used as a medicinal material in international trade, including Chinese materia medica.

This document specifies the requirements for safe commercial operations of uncrewed aircraft system (UAS), including the external safety-critical service providing command and control (C2) Link. This document applies to all commercial UAS regardless of size, application or location and represents the international best practice for the safe commercial operation of any UAS.

This document describes a method of determining the hole expansion ratio in metallic sheets and strips with a thickness range of 1,2 mm to 6,0 mm inclusive and a width of at least 90 mm. NOTE This test is normally applicable to sheet metal and is used to assess the suitability of the product for forming flanges.

This document specifies temperature validation procedures and methods for temperature-controlled storage and land transport. This document applies to all types of temperature controlled goods except food. This document is not intended to evaluate the safety and technology of storage and land transport equipment or facilities. Warehouses and storages within production facilities are excluded from the scope of this document.

This document defines common formats, values, and coding for data interoperability and exchange among systems in the Internet of Things (IoT).

This document specifies the method for measuring the relative snow grip performance index of a candidate tyre compared to a reference, under loaded conditions for new tyres intended to be used on passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus vehicles on a snow packed surface. This document applies to all passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus tyres.

This document specifies the requirements for rubber tubing and hoses used in diesel fuel circuits for internal combustion engines. The diesel fuels covered include “bio-diesels” which consist of the methyl ester of rape seed oil at levels up to 20 % by volume in conventional diesel fuels. NOTE See Annex E for a detailed description of the “line call-out” used in tests for specific original equipment manufacturer (OEM) applications.

This document specifies procedures for gene expression-based similarity calculation between human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids and a pre-defined data set of gene expression profiles in normal tissues. This document covers situations where the gene expression in the organoids have been quantified in a way functionally similar to the samples in the pre-defined dataset, and it is not intended for medical decisions.

This document specifies a method for determining the phase equilibrium point of natural gas hydrates in a laboratory setting under constant volume conditions, including the principle, reagents and materials, apparatus, procedure, expression of results, test report and precision. This document applies to laboratory simulations of hydrate formation and decomposition processes. It involves the analysis of collected temperature and pressure data to determine the phase equilibrium temperature of hydrates.

This document specifies geometrical and dimensional tolerances for plastic moulded parts including: limits of technical manufacturability according to the manufacturing effort for direct tolerances; general tolerances of plastic moulded parts; acceptance conditions of plastic moulded parts; modification of the drawing default according to ISO 8015, in accordance to the environmental conditions common in the plastics industry. This document is applicable to non-porous moulded parts made from thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and thermosets of thermoplastics, made by injection moulding, injection compression moulding, transfer moulding, compression moulding and rotational moulding. This document is applicable to other plastic processes, if agreed to by the contractual parties. Moulded part surface imperfections such as sink marks, undesired flow structures and roughness, as well as joint lines are not addressed in this document.

This document specifies strategies for risk estimation and evaluation of biological harms with respect to: genotoxicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; and developmental toxicity. This document is applicable when the need to evaluate a medical device for potential genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity has been established. This document is not applicable to active pharmaceutical ingredients of device-drug combination products or biological components of device-biologic combination products which are covered by regulations. NOTE Guidance on selecting relevant biological effects for medical devices is covered in ISO 10993-1.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for the assessment of the thermal conditions inside a vehicle compartment. It can also be applied to other confined spaces with asymmetric climatic conditions. It applies to the assessment of thermal conditions, when deviations from thermal neutrality are relatively small.

This document provides requirements and procedures for commissioning a ballast water management system (BWMS) using electrolytic methods following installation on board a ship. It specifies safety measures, procedures for commissioning (including installation inspection, function test, training of the ship's crew) and a commissioning test according to BWM.2/Circ.70/Rev.1.[22] This commissioning process ensures the health and safety of personnel involved in commissioning, verifies proper function and operation, and provides procedures for sampling and analysis. This document also provides requirements on the documentation of commissioning. This document focuses on the commissioning of a BWMS using electrolytic methods after initial installation on board a ship, but it can also apply to other necessary surveys of a BWMS and readiness evaluation of land-based or shipboard testing for type approval required by either IMO or a port state, or both. NOTE A survey of the installed equipment and associated documentation is conducted by a Recognized Organization (RO) according to the BWMS Code (MEPC.300(72)[13]), and the Harmonized System for Survey and Classification (HSSC)[19]. Installation checkout and commissioning is normally completed by the manufacturer or their technical representative according to manufacturer requirements, while verification of discharge samples is conducted by a ballast water testing organization.

This document defines terms used in the field of pilot training with the use of technical equipment, called flight simulators, enhancing safety by allowing pilots to practice various scenarios in a controlled environments, without the need of an actual aircraft. This document establishes the terms and definitions of the basic concepts applied in science, engineering and manufacturing in the field of flight simulation training devices (airplane and helicopter).

This document provides vocabularies and definitions for moxibustion devices. This document is not applicable to moxibustion-like devices whose heat source is not combustion, e.g. electric moxibustion devices.

This document defines a storage and delivery format for metadata for energy-efficient decoding, encoding, presentation, and selection of media (green metadata) as defined in ISO/IEC 23001-11. The green metadata are timed metadata which can be associated with other tracks in the ISO Base Media File Format. Timed metadata such as power consumption information and their metrics are defined in this document for carriage in files based on ISO/IEC 14496-12. In the context of DASH delivery, the green metadata representations and their association to the media representations are also defined using the signalling mechanisms specified in ISO/IEC 23009-1:2022 and ISO/IEC 23009-3[1]. These metadata can be used for multiple purposes, including optimizing power consumption during playback and supporting dynamic adaptive streaming.

This document provides an overview of the information management processes that are relevant to the acquisition and supply of information for users. It applies the agreement processes (acquisition and supply) to information for users, and addresses the preparation of requirements for this information. These requirements are central to the information for users specification and statement of work discussed in this document. This document also addresses requirements for primary information outputs of the acquisition and supply process: the request for proposal and the proposal for information products and services. This document is intended for use in acquiring or supplying any type of information for users and is independent of information development or management tools or methodologies. This document can be helpful for acquiring and supplying the following types of information, although it does not cover all aspects of them: multimedia systems using animation, video, and sound; computer-based training (CBT) packages and specialized course materials intended primarily for use in formal training programs; maintenance information describing the internal operation of systems software; virtual reality and augmented reality; collaboratively generated, often known as “wiki”, information, which is curated periodically; information for users incorporated into the user interface. This document is applicable to acquirers and suppliers of information for users, including a variety of specialists: analysts (e.g. business analysts, human factors engineers) who identify the tasks that the intended users perform with the system; managers of the software or system development process or the information management process; managers of the acquisition process, and those who authorize and approve acquisitions; managers and authors involved in proposal preparation. It can also be consulted by those with other roles and interests in the information development process: information designers and architects who plan the structure, format, and content requirements of information products; experienced authors and editors who develop the written content for information for users; graphic designers with expertise in electronic media; user interface designers and ergonomics experts working together to design the presentation of the information on the screen; usability testers, information development reviewers, subject-matter experts; developers of tools for creating on-screen information.

This document specifies the abrasion and scratch tests of coatings on plastics, plastics composites, and similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics. This document shows the potential effect of plastics on the behaviour of the coating during abrasion and scratch testing.