ASTM D1836-07(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes
Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes
ABSTRACT
This specification covers commercial hexanes used in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. The commercial hexanes should conform to the specified requirements for aniline point, apparent specific gravity, bromine index, color Pt-Co, distillation range, kauri-butanol value, nonvolatile matter content, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the range of products commonly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2021
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.35 - Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2007
Overview
ASTM D1836-07(2021): Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes defines quality requirements for commercial hexanes used across multiple industries, including adhesives, coatings, printing inks, chemical synthesis, and extraction processes. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures that commercial hexanes meet rigorous benchmarks for physical and chemical properties, promoting safety, consistency, and suitability for industrial applications.
Commercial hexanes described in this specification are characterized by their purity and performance, making them essential solvents and intermediates in manufacturing and laboratory settings. The standard outlines properties such as aniline point, specific gravity, bromine index, color, distillation range, nonvolatile matter, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content.
Key Topics
- Specification Scope: Covers a range of hexanes primarily used as solvents and chemical intermediates in industrial processes.
- Physical and Chemical Properties: Includes stringent requirements for:
- Aniline point
- Apparent specific gravity
- Bromine index
- Color (Pt-Co and Saybolt scales)
- Distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point)
- Kauri-butanol value
- Nonvolatile matter content
- Odor (non-residual)
- Sulfur content
- Benzene content
- Measurement and Testing: All properties are determined using established ASTM test methods, ensuring accuracy, repeatability, and international acceptance.
- Sampling and Reporting: References practices for representative sampling (ASTM E300) and the use of significant digits for reporting results.
- Safety and Environmental Considerations: Emphasizes user responsibility for safety, health, and regulatory compliance, including consulting relevant safety data sheets.
Applications
Commercial hexanes conforming to ASTM D1836-07(2021) are widely utilized in areas such as:
- Adhesive and Coating Manufacture: Used as solvent carriers to ensure optimal application and drying of glues, sealants, paints, and finishes.
- Printing Ink Formulation: Serve as an essential solvent for modern printing inks, ensuring print quality and efficient drying times.
- Chemical Synthesis: Act as reactants or solvents in industrial organic chemical reactions, supporting the production of pharmaceuticals, polymers, and agrochemicals.
- Extraction Processes: Preferred for their purity and specific physicochemical characteristics in extraction operations such as edible oil processing and analytical procedures.
- Laboratory and Analytical Uses: Employed for solvent extraction, sample purification, and as a carrier in chromatographic techniques.
The specification’s focus on purity and defined limits for impurities (e.g., benzene and sulfur) minimizes health, safety, and environmental risks while supporting product performance.
Related Standards
To support consistent quality and interoperability, ASTM D1836-07(2021) references several related ASTM standards for testing and specification:
- ASTM D611: Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
- ASTM D1078: Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
- ASTM D1133: Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon Solvents
- ASTM D1209 / D156 / D5386: Test Methods for Color of Clear Liquids (Pt-Co and Saybolt Scales, Tristimulus Colorimetry)
- ASTM D1353: Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents
- ASTM D2710: Test Method for Bromine Index
- ASTM D3120: Test Method for Sulfur in Light Liquid Hydrocarbons
- ASTM E29: Practice for Using Significant Digits to Determine Conformance with Specifications
- ASTM E300: Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
For packaging compliance, the standard refers to U.S. Federal Specification PPP-C-2020.
Keywords: commercial hexanes, ASTM D1836, solvent standards, industrial hexanes specification, hexanes quality, adhesives solvent, coatings solvent, printing ink solvent, chemical synthesis solvent, extraction solvent
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D1836-07(2021) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers commercial hexanes used in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. The commercial hexanes should conform to the specified requirements for aniline point, apparent specific gravity, bromine index, color Pt-Co, distillation range, kauri-butanol value, nonvolatile matter content, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the range of products commonly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers commercial hexanes used in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. The commercial hexanes should conform to the specified requirements for aniline point, apparent specific gravity, bromine index, color Pt-Co, distillation range, kauri-butanol value, nonvolatile matter content, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the range of products commonly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1836-07(2021) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D1836-07(2021) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D156-23, ASTM D2710-20, ASTM D2710-09(2013), ASTM D156-12, ASTM D1078-11, ASTM D1133-10, ASTM D5386-10, ASTM D2710-09, ASTM D1353-09, ASTM D1133-09, ASTM E29-08, ASTM D156-07a, ASTM D611-07, ASTM D156-07, ASTM D1296-01(2007). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D1836-07(2021) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1836 −07 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Commercial Hexanes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
1.1 This specification covers the range of products com-
Coatings and Material (Withdrawn 2021)
monly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the prepara-
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
tion of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
kinds of extraction operations.
ganic Liquids
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
D1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this
bon Solvents
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
Cobalt Scale)
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 3
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this vents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
standard.
D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydro-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
carbons by Electrometric Titration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
lometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4367 Test Method for Benzene in Hydrocarbon Solvents
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult
by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2021)
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Colorimetry
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.2 U.S. Federal Specification:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
PPP-C-2020 Chemicals, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packaging
of
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3. Properties
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
3.1 Commercial hexanes shall conform to the following
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
requirements:
Aniline point, min 57 °C
Apparent specific gravity
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
15.6/15.6 °C 0.660–0.686
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Bromine index, max 100
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1836 – 07 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D1836-07R21. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
For referenced ASTM sta
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