65.040 - Farm buildings, structures and installations
ICS 65.040 Details
Farm buildings, structures and installations
Landwirtschaftliche Gebaude und Anlagen
Batiments, structures et installations agricoles
Kmetijska poslopja, konstrukcije in naprave
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 65.040 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Farm buildings, structures and installations". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 205 standards classified under ICS 65.040 (Farm buildings, structures and installations). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies how a transponder is activated and how the stored information is transferred to a transceiver.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 Scope of EN 1993 4 1
(1) prEN 1993 4 1 provides rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free-standing (on ground) or supported on a structural framework (elevated).
(2) prEN 1993 4 1 is applicable to silos constructed from isotropic rolled plates that are stiffened or unstiffened, from corrugated sheeting that is stiffened or unstiffened and from flat or corrugated plates assembled into box structures of different geometries. It applies to vertical walls, hoppers, roof structures, transition junctions and support structures.
(3) prEN 1993 4 1 does not apply to storage vessels for silage and haylage, or to the storage of materials that are not free-flowing (see EN 1991 4). This Part 4-1 also does not cover:
- resistance to fire;
- cylindrical silos with internal subdivisions;
- internal structures within a single silo (except for internal ties, as defined in 12.5);
- silos with capacity less than 100 kN (10 tonnes);
- hoppers that are supported on a structural framework;
- cases where special measures are necessary to limit the consequences of accidents.
(4) This document is applicable to silos within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
- Silo aspect ratio hb/dc < 10
- Silo total height hb < 70 m
- Silo equivalent diameter dc < 60 m
NOTE These dimensional limitations are more limited than those of EN 1991-4 which also applies to silos constructed from other materials.
(5) Where this standard applies to circular planform silos, the geometric form is restricted to axisymmetric structures, but unsymmetrical actions on them and supports that induce forces in the silo structure that are not axisymmetric are included.
(6) This part is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos. For other requirements (such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication and erection, quality control, details like man-holes, flanges, filling devices, outlet gates and feeders, etc.), see other relevant standards and information.
(7) This part is concerned with both isolated silo structures and silos that are connected to others to form a battery of silos, but throughout this document the term silo refers to a single cell within a battery.
(8) Provisions relating to special requirements of seismic design are provided in EN 1998 4, which complements or adapts the provisions of Eurocode 3 specifically for this purpose.
(9) The structural design of supporting structures for the silo are dealt with in EN 1993 1 1. The supporting structure is deemed to consist of all structural elements beneath the bottom flange of the lowest ring of the silo (see Figure 1.1), though information on some forms of support structure is given in Clause 8 of this document.
(10) Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel silos are dealt with in EN 1992 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts).
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993 4 1 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
Figure 1.1 - Terminology used in silo structures
...
- Draft153 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the safety and cleaning requirements applicable to slaughtering traps intended for bovine animals and equines such as defined in Clause 3.
These requirements take into account hazards that may arise from the transport, mounting, adjustment, maintenance and use of these slaughtering traps.
NOTE This document takes into account the protection of animals at the time of killing.
This document is applicable to machinery or installations intended to facilitate the slaughter of bovine animals or equidae that weigh between 100 kg and 1 200 kg. They are either rotating slaughtering traps or fixed slaughtering traps.
This document does not apply to the following machinery and zones:
— “restrainers”: systems for holding and conveying via conveyor belts;
— slaughtering traps with a side door that opens under the weight of the animal alone;
— slaughtering traps where the only source of energy is manual effort.
This document does not cover the following essential requirements of Machinery Directive:
— safety and reliability of control systems;
— selection of control or operating modes;
— failure of the power supply;
— isolation of energy source.
The list of significant hazards is given in the informative Annex D.
Specific requirements relating to animal protection at the time of killing are also given in the normative Annex C.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the safety and hygiene requirements applicable to slaughtering traps intended for bovine animals and equidae such as defined in Clause 3.
These requirements take into account hazards that may arise from the transport, mounting, adjustment, maintenance and use of these slaughtering traps.
NOTE This document takes into account the protection of animals at the time of killing.
The machinery or installations covered by this document are intended to facilitate the slaughter of bovine animals or equidae that weigh between 100 kg and 1 200 kg. They are either rotating slaughtering traps or fixed slaughtering traps.
This document does not cover the following machinery and zones:
- "restrainers": systems for holding and conveying via conveyor belts;
- slaughtering traps with a side door that opens under the weight of the animal alone;
- slaughtering traps where the only source of energy is manual effort.
This document does not cover the following essential requirements of Machinery Directive:
- safety and reliability of control systems;
- control devices;
- failure of the power supply;
- isolation of energy source.
The list of significant hazards is given in the informative Annex C.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic films used for covering permanent or temporary greenhouses and walking tunnels and low tunnels used for forcing and semi-forcing vegetable, fruit and flower crops.
This document is applicable to agricultural tunnel films as well as lay-flat perforated cover films.
This document specifies a classification for the durability of covering films and the test methods referred to in this document.
This document also specifies test methods for the determination of the chlorine and sulfur contents of films subjected to use.
This document is applicable to thermoplastic covering films used in agriculture and horticulture in Europe, in the thickness range 20 µm up to more than 250 µm, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymers materials, of the following types: non-thermal films, thermal clear films and thermal diffusing films.
This document also gives guidance for installation, use and disposal of covering films. It specifies the conventional expected lifetime, as well as rules that allow evaluating the remaining use potential in the event of a failure before the normal end-of-use date.
NOTE These rules allow estimating the residual value of the films. These provisions only apply to the film itself and the damage it has undergone. Any other problem falls within the scope of professional practices and the general terms and conditions of sale.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the integrated management of agricultural plastic products with agronomic performance.
This document gives guidance and requirements for their installation, use, removal, sorting, collection and preparation for recycling as well as general guidelines for design for recycling.
NOTE 1 EN 13206:2025, EN 13207:2025, EN 13655:2025, EN 14932:2025 and EN 17098-1:2025 include a specific clause dedicated to design for recycling.
NOTE 2 Design for recycling for products not covered by a standard is detailed in this document.
This document first aims professional users and can be used also for domestic purposes.
This document is applicable to:
- covering films that comply with EN 13206:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier, used for covering greenhouses, small tunnels or livestock buildings, as well as to direct crop covers used for semi-forcing plants and seed;
- silage films for horizontal silos that comply with EN 13207:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- sheaths for horizontal silos (forage crop and grain storage) that comply with EN 13207:2025 or with specifications laid out by the sheath manufacturer/supplier;
- stretch films for wrapping bales that comply with EN 14932:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- thermoplastic mulching films that comply with EN 13655:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- barrier films for agricultural and horticultural soil disinfection by fumigation that comply with EN 17098-1:2025;
- nets and twines for catling and horticulture that comply with the specifications laid out by EN ISO 4167 or by the manufacturer/supplier;
- flexible ducts, semi-rigid and rigid pipes and fittings for irrigation that comply with ISO 8779, EN ISO 9261, ISO 13460-1, ISO 16438, EN 14267, EN 12324-2, EN 13635, EN 13997, EN 17176-2:2019+A1:2022 or with specifications laid out by the manufacturer/supplier;
- fabrics and non-woven nets and sheets for catling and horticulture that comply with ISO 9073 series or with specifications laid out by the manufacturer/supplier.
This document does not cover construction, packaging and food-contact products.
NOTE 3 For products non-suitable for recycling in the context of this document, specific procedures apply.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic films for mulching applications in agriculture and horticulture.
These mulch films are intended to be removed after use and not incorporated in the soil.
These mulch films are not intended to be used for soil disinfection by fumigation. Films for soil disinfection are in the scope of EN 17098-1 [1] and EN 17098-2 [2].
The biodegradable mulch films intended to be incorporated in the soil after used are also not in the scope of this document. They are in the scope of EN 17033 [3].
This document specifies a classification for durability of mulching films and the test methods referred to in this document.
This document is applicable to thermoplastic mulch films, used for agriculture and horticulture in Europe, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymers, of the following types:
- transparent films;
- black films;
- reflective films (e.g. white films, black/white films and black/silver films);
- films of other colour(s) for weed control (e.g. green, brown).
This document defines the criteria for design for recycling of mulch films and refer to EN 18109 for the product lifecycle, including installation, use, removal and collection for end of life for management of the product after its usage.
NOTE Mulch films can be highly soiled by organic and mineral residues at the end of their use life: the observed rates (or levels) of soilage of mulch films can vary from 70 % to 90 %, therefore the film thickness is a key factor on the rate of soilage, the thinnest films (e.g. less than 20 micron) will be the mostly soiled, difficult, expensive to remove, recover and recycle.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, and optical characteristics of thermoplastic films and tubes used during the manufacture of silage and designed to last at least one year for protecting fodder.
It specifies a classification for the durability of silage films and the test methods referred to in this document.
This document is applicable to transparent, black, white or coloured (e.g. black/white) thermoplastic silage films based on polyethylene, ethylene copolymer, EVOH and polyamide.
These films are intended for covering bunker silos, silage tubes or silage clamps for preserving forage. They protect the forage and preserve it from rain and air. These films are not intended to cover bales piles (e.g. straw bales and hay bales).
This document does not apply to silage films obtained by sealing two or more films in machine direction.
This document also provides guideline for installation, use and removal conditions of silage films. It also provides guideline for the conventional useful lifetime, as well as rules that allow evaluating the remaining use potential in the event of a failure before the normal end-of-use date.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the integrated management of agricultural plastic products with agronomic performance.
This document gives guidance and requirements for their installation, use, removal, sorting, collection and preparation for recycling as well as general guidelines for design for recycling.
NOTE 1 EN 13206:2025, EN 13207:2025, EN 13655:2025, EN 14932:2025 and EN 17098-1:2025 include a specific clause dedicated to design for recycling.
NOTE 2 Design for recycling for products not covered by a standard is detailed in this document.
This document first aims professional users and can be used also for domestic purposes.
This document is applicable to:
- covering films that comply with EN 13206:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier, used for covering greenhouses, small tunnels or livestock buildings, as well as to direct crop covers used for semi-forcing plants and seed;
- silage films for horizontal silos that comply with EN 13207:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- sheaths for horizontal silos (forage crop and grain storage) that comply with EN 13207:2025 or with specifications laid out by the sheath manufacturer/supplier;
- stretch films for wrapping bales that comply with EN 14932:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- thermoplastic mulching films that comply with EN 13655:2025 or with specifications laid out by the film manufacturer/supplier;
- barrier films for agricultural and horticultural soil disinfection by fumigation that comply with EN 17098-1:2025;
- nets and twines for catling and horticulture that comply with the specifications laid out by EN ISO 4167 or by the manufacturer/supplier;
- flexible ducts, semi-rigid and rigid pipes and fittings for irrigation that comply with ISO 8779, EN ISO 9261, ISO 13460-1, ISO 16438, EN 14267, EN 12324-2, EN 13635, EN 13997, EN 17176-2:2019+A1:2022 or with specifications laid out by the manufacturer/supplier;
- fabrics and non-woven nets and sheets for catling and horticulture that comply with ISO 9073 series or with specifications laid out by the manufacturer/supplier.
This document does not cover construction, packaging and food-contact products.
NOTE 3 For products non-suitable for recycling in the context of this document, specific procedures apply.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic films used for covering permanent or temporary greenhouses and walking tunnels and low tunnels used for forcing and semi-forcing vegetable, fruit and flower crops.
This document is applicable to agricultural tunnel films as well as lay-flat perforated cover films.
This document specifies a classification for the durability of covering films and the test methods referred to in this document.
This document also specifies test methods for the determination of the chlorine and sulfur contents of films subjected to use.
This document is applicable to thermoplastic covering films used in agriculture and horticulture in Europe, in the thickness range 20 µm up to more than 250 µm, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene copolymers materials, of the following types: non-thermal films, thermal clear films and thermal diffusing films.
This document also gives guidance for installation, use and disposal of covering films. It specifies the conventional expected lifetime, as well as rules that allow evaluating the remaining use potential in the event of a failure before the normal end-of-use date.
NOTE These rules allow estimating the residual value of the films. These provisions only apply to the film itself and the damage it has undergone. Any other problem falls within the scope of professional practices and the general terms and conditions of sale.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the means of evaluating the conformance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 of radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponders used in the individual identification of animals. It sets forth the conditions for the granting and use of the manufacturer code related to a transponder and the associated rights and obligations of the parties involved in the issuance of the code.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies principles and requirements for the determination of controlled snow loads on the transparent cladding of greenhouses open to the public.
This document can be applied either to the greenhouse or only to the transparent cladding system.
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies principles and requirements for the determination of controlled snow loads on the transparent cladding of greenhouses open to the public.
This document can be applied either to the greenhouse or only to the transparent cladding system.
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the rules for encoding the animal identification code in a specific memory bank known as MB 01 in the memory of an ISO 18000-63 transponder (UHF RFID technology).
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard16 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
1.1 This document specifies requirements for design, performance, safety and hygiene of refrigerated bulk milk coolers and the related methods of test.
NOTE The informative Annex K gives some elements regarding the estimation and calculation of energy consumption.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to bulk milk coolers on farm, when they are installed, used and maintained as intended by the manufacturer (see informative Annex A).
It applies to refrigerated bulk milk tanks with air-cooled condensing units and automatic control intended for installation on farms or at milk collection points. It applies to tanks for two milkings (24 h), four milkings (48 h) and six milkings (72 h), in which the cooling takes place totally (non-pre-cooled milk) or partially (in case of pre-cooled milk) within the tank. It also applies to tanks in combination with a continuous system of milking (e.g. milking with robot).
1.2 This document does not cover:
- mobile tanks;
- tanks intended to be tilted for drainage;
- equipment for delivering the milk to the tank;
- equipment for pre-cooling of the milk;
- the hazards due to the use of other energy than electrical energy;
- pressure aspect of vacuum tanks (tank of which the inner vessel is designed to operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure);
- calibration requirements for the measurement of the milk volume.
1.3 This document is not applicable to bulk milk coolers on farms which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
- Standard98 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies principles and requirements for the mechanical resistance and stability, serviceability and durability for design and construction of commercial production greenhouse structures, including their foundations, irrespective of the material used, for the professional production of plants (crops).
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
- Corrigendum4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies principles and requirements for the mechanical resistance and stability, serviceability and durability for design and construction of commercial production greenhouse structures, including their foundations, irrespective of the material used, for the professional production of plants (crops).
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
- Corrigendum4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This document specifies requirements for design, performance, safety and hygiene of refrigerated bulk milk coolers and the related methods of test.
NOTE The informative Annex K gives some elements regarding the estimation and calculation of energy consumption.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to bulk milk coolers on farm, when they are installed, used and maintained as intended by the manufacturer (see informative Annex A).
It applies to refrigerated bulk milk tanks with air-cooled condensing units and automatic control intended for installation on farms or at milk collection points. It applies to tanks for two milkings (24 h), four milkings (48 h) and six milkings (72 h), in which the cooling takes place totally (non-pre-cooled milk) or partially (in case of pre-cooled milk) within the tank. It also applies to tanks in combination with a continuous system of milking (e.g. milking with robot).
1.2 This document does not cover:
- mobile tanks;
- tanks intended to be tilted for drainage;
- equipment for delivering the milk to the tank;
- equipment for pre-cooling of the milk;
- the hazards due to the use of other energy than electrical energy;
- pressure aspect of vacuum tanks (tank of which the inner vessel is designed to operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure);
- calibration requirements for the measurement of the milk volume.
1.3 This document is not applicable to bulk milk coolers on farms which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
- Standard98 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 General
This document specifies the standardization of side curtain ventilation systems as defined in 3.1. This document specifies the safety aspects and performance. Included are machines that operate using the potential energy stored by the earlier application of human or animal force, such as stretched springs.
This document addresses the following significant hazards associated with side curtain systems:
- crushing;
- cutting or severing;
- drawing-in or trapping;
- entanglement;
- shearing;
- suffocation;
- electrocution and shock;
- incorrect design, location or identification of control devices.
1.2 Exclusions
This document does not apply to the following, which are intended for a different use:
- doors and side curtains when used as doors which are specified in EN 13241:2003+A2:2016;
- systems inflated by air;
- screens supplied for the control of fire or smoke;
- screens that move instantaneously upon the application of human force;
- side curtains when used to control ventilation conditions in a toxic or explosive environment.
This document is not applicable to side curtain ventilation systems manufactured before the date of its publication.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This clause of Part 1 is replaced by the following.
This part of IEC 60335 deals with the safety of electric fence energizers, the rated voltage
of which is not more than 250 V and by means of which fence wires in agricultural, domestic
or feral animal control fences and security fences may be electrified or monitored.
NOTE 101 Examples of electric fence energizers coming within the scope of this standard are:
– mains-operated energizers;
– battery-operated electric fence energizers suitable for connection to the mains, as shown in Figure 101
and Figure 102;
– electric fence energizers operated by non-rechargeable batteries either incorporated or separate.
This standard does not in general take into account
– the use of appliances by young children or infirm persons without supervision;
– the playing with appliances by young children.
NOTE 102 Attention is drawn to the fact that
– for appliances intended to be used on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
– in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national
authorities responsible for the protection of labour, the national water supply authorities and similar authorities.
NOTE 103 This standard does not apply to
– electromagnetically coupled animal trainer collars;
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a
corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas);
– separate battery chargers (IEC 60335-2-29);
– electric fishing machines (IEC 60335-2-86);
– electric animal-stunning equipment (IEC 60335-2-87);
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Applicable to the safety of electric fence energizers, the rated voltage of which is not more than 250 V.
- Amendment12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Applicable to the safety of electric fence energizers, the rated voltage of which is not more than 250 V.
- Amendment12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
2019-08-2: PR=70278 (A11) covers common mods. to this EN
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Ethanol extractives are any materials found in biomass that are soluble in ethanol. They are not considered to be part of the structural components of biomass and should be removed prior to any chemical analysis of the sample. The prolonged extraction removes nonstructural materials that can include waxes, fats, resins, tannins, gums, sugars, starches, and pigments. Removing hydrophobic materials from the biomass makes it easier to wet the material for the analysis of structural components in the biomass.
4.2 This test method yields results comparable to Test Method D1107.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethanol soluble extractives, expressed as a percentage of the oven-dried biomass, of hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), and wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint). All results are reported relative to the oven-dried weight of the sample.
Note 1: This test method may not be suitable for hard and soft wood samples that include bark or those with more than 10% extractable materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
1.1 General
This document specifies the standardization of side curtain ventilation systems as defined in 3.1. This document specifies the safety aspects and performance. Included are machines that operate using the potential energy stored by the earlier application of human or animal force, such as stretched springs.
This document addresses the following significant hazards associated with side curtain systems:
- crushing;
- cutting or severing;
- drawing-in or trapping;
- entanglement;
- shearing;
- suffocation;
- electrocution and shock;
- incorrect design, location or identification of control devices.
1.2 Exclusions
This document does not apply to the following, which are intended for a different use:
- doors and side curtains when used as doors which are specified in EN 13241:2003+A2:2016;
- systems inflated by air;
- screens supplied for the control of fire or smoke;
- screens that move instantaneously upon the application of human force;
- side curtains when used to control ventilation conditions in a toxic or explosive environment.
This document is not applicable to side curtain ventilation systems manufactured before the date of its publication.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies minimum performance and information requirements for monitoring devices of bulk milk cooling tanks as part of milking and milk cooling machinery installations in agricultural operations. It also specifies the minimum requirements for materials, design and installation. The purpose of this document is to contribute to a high-quality milk production by monitoring, collecting data and providing alarms with respect to defined parameters of the milk cooling, storage and cleaning processes.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The acid-insoluble residue content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acid-insoluble residue of hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), acid and alkaline pretreated biomass, and the solid fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported relative to the 105 °C oven-dried weight of the sample.
1.2 The residue collected contains the acid-insoluble lignin and any condensed proteins from the original sample. An independent nitrogen analysis would be required to determine the acid-insoluble lignin content separate from the condensed protein fraction and is outside the scope of this test method.
1.3 A portion of the lignin in some biomass samples will remain soluble during this procedure. The total lignin in a biomass sample includes both acid-soluble lignin and lignin in the acid insoluble residue.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 and Note 2 and Note 4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The structural carbohydrate content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of structural carbohydrates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent mass of an oven-dried sample basis of each anhydrosugar.
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include hard and softwoods, herbaceous materials, such as sericea and switchgrass, agricultural residues, such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse, wastepaper, such as boxboard, office waste, and newsprint, acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass, washed free of any residual acid or alkali, and the solid fraction of fermentation residues.
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in this procedure are:
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:
1.3.1.1 Air Dried Material—Results are reported as the percent by mass, based on the oven-dried mass of the air-dried sample.
1.3.1.2 45 °C Dried Material—Results are reported as the percent by mass, based on the oven-dried mass of the 45 °C dried sample.
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried Material—Results are reported as the percent by mass, based on the oven-dried mass of the freeze dried sample.
1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample—Results are reported as the percent by mass, based on the oven-dried mass of the extracted sample.
1.4 This standard method is generally not suitable for samples that contain soluble, nonstructural carbohydrates unless they are removed prior to analysis.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific hazards statements.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The percentage, by mass, of sugar content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbohydrates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent, by mass, of each sugar on a 105 °C dried mass basis.
Note 1: The percent sugar must be corrected for the water of hydrolysis before calculating the actual mass percent of the polysaccharide in the original biomass sample.
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass (washed free of any residual acid or alkali), and the solid fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported relative to the 105 °C oven-dried mass of the sample.
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in this test method are as follows:
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:
1.3.1.1 Air Dried (%Tad)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the air-dried sample.
1.3.1.2 45 °C Dried (%T45)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the 45 °C dried sample.
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried (%Tfd)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the freeze dried sample.
1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample (%T ext)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the extracted sample determined at 105°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Moisture is a ubiquitous and variable component of any biomass sample. Moisture is not considered a structural component of biomass and can change with storage and handling of biomass samples. The determination of the total solids content allows for the correction of biomass samples to an oven-dried solids mass that is constant for a particular sample.
4.2 This procedure is not suitable for biomass samples that visibly change on heating to 105 °C, for example, unwashed acid-pretreated biomass still containing free acid.
4.3 Some materials that contain large amount of free sugars or proteins will caramelize or brown under direct infrared heating elements used in Test Method B. Total solids in these materials should be done by Test Method A.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of total solids remaining after drying a sample. Materials suitable for this procedure include samples prepared in accordance with Practice E1757 and extractive-free material prepared in accordance with Test Method E1690. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E871 should be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ash content is an approximate measure of the mineral content and other inorganic matter in biomass.
4.2 The ash content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash, expressed as the mass percent of residue remaining after dry oxidation (oxidation at 575 ± 25 °C), of hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), acid and alkaline pretreated biomass, and the solid fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported relative to the 105 °C oven-dried mass of the sample. For particulate wood fuels, Test Method E1534 should be used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies principles and requirements for the mechanical resistance and stability, serviceability and durability for design and construction of commercial production greenhouse structures, including their foundations, irrespective of the material used, for the professional production of plants (crops).
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
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This document specifies principles and requirements for the mechanical resistance and stability, serviceability and durability for design and construction of commercial production greenhouse structures, including their foundations, irrespective of the material used, for the professional production of plants (crops).
Fire resistance-related aspects are not covered in this document.
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TC 61 advise on 2016-02-01: Common modifications needed but experts on these products not yet detected and not declared their availability to prepare a suitable proposal
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Preparation Method A—Method suitable for the preparation of large quantities (>20 g) of field collected samples into a form appropriate for compositional analysis. Woody samples must first be available as chips of a nominal 5 by 5 by 0.6 cm (2 by 2 by 1/4 in.) or less and twigs not exceeding 0.6 cm (1/4 in.) diameter. Herbaceous materials may be processed as whole straw. It is recommended that wastepaper should be shredded into pieces less then 1 cm (1/2 in.) wide. Furthermore, it is recommended that twigs, straw, and wastepaper should not exceed 61 cm (24 in.) in length to facilitate handling.
4.2 Preparation Methods B and C—Methods are suitable for very moist feedstocks, samples that would not be stable during prolonged exposure to ambient conditions, or for drying materials when room conditions deviate from the ambient conditions described in 3.1.1. These test methods are also suitable for handling small samples of biomass (
4.3 Preparation Methods A, B, and C are not intended for materials that will already pass through a 20 mesh sieve or that cannot be dried by the described methods to a total solids content of greater than 85 %, based on an oven dried weight.
4.4 Preparation Method A will separate the milled material into two fractions, a −20/+80 mesh fraction and a −80 mesh fraction.
4.4.1 Extraneous inorganic materials will accumulate in the −80 mesh fraction and it should be analyzed independently from the −20/+80 mesh fraction. Weighted results from the two fractions can then be combined to obtain results for materials on an "as received" basis.
Note 1: During analysis, the very fine consistency of the −80 mesh fraction may cause problems in filtering operations and should be handled appropriately.
4.5 Preparation Method D—Method suitable for cereal grains, cereal grain fermentation mash, cereal grain fermentation beer, and cereal grain fermentation residues that are generally stable.
4.6 Preparation Method E—Method suitable for ce...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a reproducible way to convert hardwoods, softwoods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), cellulosic feedstocks pretreated to improve suitability for fermentation, cereal grains, cereal grain fermentation mash, cereal grain fermentation beer, and fermentation residues into a uniform material suitable for compositional analysis. This practice is intended for samples that need to be dried prior to analysis.
1.2 Milling and sieving actions both produce large amounts of dust. This dust can be a nuisance hazard and irritant. Use appropriate respiratory protection as needed. If excessive amounts of dust are allowed to become airborne a potential explosion hazard is possible. Provide appropriate dust control measures as needed.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 60335-2-76:2018 deals with the safety of electric fence energizers, the rated voltage of which is not more than 250 V and by means of which fence wires in agricultural, domestic or feral animal control fences and security fences may be electrified or monitored. Examples of electric fence energizers coming within the scope of this standard are:
– mains-operated energizers;
– battery-operated electric fence energizers suitable for connection to the mains;
– electric fence energizers operated by non-rechargeable batteries either incorporated or separate.
This standard does not apply to:
– electromagnetically coupled animal trainer collars;
– appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas);
– separate battery chargers (IEC 60335-2-29);
– electric fishing machines (IEC 60335-2-86);
– electric animal-stunning equipment (IEC 60335-2-87);
– appliances for medical purposes (IEC 60601).
This Part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments. It was established on the basis of the fifth edition (2010) of that standard. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2006 and Amendment 2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
– the text has been aligned with Edition 5.2 of Part 1;
– additional requirements for security fence energizers have been introduced (Clauses 3, 7, 19, 22, Figures and Annex BB);
– specific requirements for battery operated energizers have been moved to Annex S.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2018 have been included in this copy.
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ISO 24631-4:2017 provides the means of evaluating the performance of ISO 11784- and ISO 11785-conformant RFID (radiofrequency identification) transceivers used in the individual identification of animals. The test procedures specified in this document are recognized by the Federation of European Companion Animals Veterinary Association (FECAVA) and World Small Animal Veterinarian Association (WSAVA) and, as such, can be applied also to companion animals.
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ISO 24631-2:2017 provides the means of evaluating the conformance with ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 of radiofrequency identification (RFID) transceivers used in the individual identification of animals. It also specifies the procedure for applying for a transceiver test registration and the associated rights and obligations of the parties involved. ISO 24631-2:2017 includes a wireless synchronization test applicable to mobile transceivers; however, it contains no provision for evaluating the wired synchronization of stationary transceivers. The test procedures specified in this document are recognized by the Federation of European Companion Animals Veterinary Association (FECAVA) and World Small Animal Veterinarian Association (WSAVA) and, as such, can be applied also to companion animals.
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2021: CLC legacy converted by DCLab NISOSTS
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DOP of 12 months!
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ISO 24631-5:2014 specifies rules and procedures for verifying the capability of RFID transceivers of reading transponders used in individual animal identification complying to ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. In addition, ISO 24631-5:2014 specifies how to apply for an approval and the rights and duties to use this approval. ISO 24631-5:2014 does not set out the procedures for evaluating wireless synchronised mobile transceivers and also this document contains no provision for evaluating wired synchronisation of stationary transceivers. This test differs from ISO 24631‑2, which is intended for testing transceivers with all mandatory features described in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. The test described here is intended for cost-effective non-synchronising transceivers that are capable of reading transponders complying to ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 but have no synchronisation capability and does not have to support the dual adaptive protocol. Furthermore, the activation field frequency accuracy is more relaxed.
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Applicable to the safety of electric fence energizers, the rated voltage of which is not more than 250 V. The contents of the corrigendum of August 2013 have been included in this copy.
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ISO 24631-7:2012 specifies rules and procedures for synchronizing RFID transceivers while reading transponders used in individual animal identification complying to ISO 11784 and ISO 11785. The synchronization scheme described herein may be fully implemented within each reader, and such readers when attached to the synchronization bus create a peer-to-peer network (all readers are equal ? there is no dedicated master). Additionally, a cluster of readers, which could be in a master/slave configuration, may also be added to the bus using a dedicated, manufacturer specific Synchronization Interface. The Synchronization Interface presents to the synchronization bus electrical characteristics identical to those of a single peer-to-peer reader. The transceiver conformance standard ISO 24631-2 permits activation on/off timing tolerances of −0/+1 ms and therefore gives reader manufacturers options as to their preferred method for detecting the HDX header; partial or full. However, when synchronizing readers, irrespective of which header detection method is used, it is critical that all readers adhere strictly to the specific timings and timing tolerances as given in the timing diagrams. Particular attention should also be given to fault diagnostics which becomes more important when a reader network comprises products from different manufacturers. The obvious case is where a reader which is part of a network has become detached e.g. sync cable break, and it considers it's self to be now standalone and thus permitted to operate asynchronously to the detriment of all other readers.
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The requirements of this part of IEC 60364 apply to fixed electrical installations inside and outdoors of agricultural and horticultural premises. Some of the requirements are also applicable to other locations that are in common buildings belonging to the agricultural and horticultural premises. Rooms, locations and areas for household applications and similar are not covered by this standard. If some of the special requirements of Part 705 are also applicable for residences and other locations in such common buildings this is stated in the normative text.
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ISO 24631-6:2011 specifies the representation of the animal identification information specified in ISO 11784 and ISO 11785 on a transceiver display and its communication from transceivers to systems in which the information may be stored in a database, used for process control or displayed.
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ISO 7700-1:2008 specifies a method of checking the performance of moisture meters in service for measuring the moisture content of cereal grains.
ISO 7700-1:2008 is not applicable for pattern approval, nor for the initial calibration of moisture meters.
The results of the checking described in ISO 7700-1:2008 are used to decide whether to perform a revision or a repair of the moisture meter.
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This European Standard specifies safety requirements for the design and construction of unloaders mounted in stationary round silos for the removal of the silage and similar materials. It applies to electrically powered, slowly rotating unloaders which operate on top surface of the stored silage surface.
It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards for which specific requirements on unloaders, as defined in 3 and shown in Annex B, are necessary. In addition, it specifies the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices.
The document only deals with the hazards generated by the silo unloader and not with those of the silo system itself (e.g. hazards arising from generated gases).
This document is not applicable to noise and fire hazards and hazards related to the foreseeable misuse.
The document does not deal with technical requirements for installation or removal of the unloader from one silo to another.
The list of significant hazards dealt with in this document is given in annex A. Annex A also indicates the hazards which have not been dealt with.
The environmental aspects have not been considered in this document.
This document applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of this document.
NOTE Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European Standard. The present document is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirements of Directive 94/9/EC.
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