87/404/EEC - Simple pressure vessels
Council Directive 87/404/EEC harmonizes Member States' laws concerning simple pressure vessels, defined as welded vessels containing air or nitrogen under internal pressure between 0.5 and 30 bar, with specific material and design criteria. The directive ensures vessels placed on the market and taken into service meet essential safety requirements to protect persons, animals, and property. Harmonization prevents trade barriers caused by diverse national standards without reducing protection levels. Vessels with a product of maximum working pressure (PS) and capacity (V) exceeding 50 bar/litre must satisfy these essential safety requirements, while others must be manufactured according to sound engineering practice. Compliance is presumed if vessels bear the EC mark evidencing conformity with harmonized standards. The directive establishes certification procedures, including EC type-examination, verification, and declaration of conformity by approved bodies. It also sets criteria for approval and mutual recognition of inspection bodies, enabling free movement of vessels across the EU. Additionally, it includes mechanisms for enforcement if products pose safety risks, ensuring continuous protection throughout the product lifecycle.
Purpose
Council Directive 87/404/EEC aims to harmonize the laws of the European Community Member States concerning simple pressure vessels. It establishes essential safety requirements to ensure the safety of persons, domestic animals, and property from the hazards of leakage or bursting of such vessels. The directive seeks to remove trade barriers caused by disparities in national safety regulations and to guarantee the free movement of these products within the Community without lowering safety levels.
Key Obligations
- Member States must ensure that simple pressure vessels placed on the market and put into service do not compromise safety when properly installed, maintained, and used for their intended purpose.
- Vessels where the product of maximum working pressure (PS) and capacity (V) exceeds 50 bar/litre must meet essential safety requirements outlined in the directive's Annex I.
- Vessels with PS x V ≤ 50 bar/litre must be manufactured according to sound engineering practice and bear specific markings (Annex II), except the EC mark.
- Harmonized European standards, developed by recognized standardization bodies (CEN and CENELEC), provide a means of presuming conformity with safety requirements.
- Certification procedures include:
- EC type-examination of prototype vessels by approved bodies to certify design and manufacturing conformity.
- EC verification of production batches, including hydrostatic or equivalent pneumatic testing.
- EC declaration of conformity option for manufacturers, involving surveillance by an approved body for vessels with PS x V over 200 bar/litre.
- Mutual recognition of inspections and certifications across Member States to avoid multiple testing and barriers to free movement.
- Member States must withdraw or restrict vessels posing safety hazards, informing the Commission and cooperating on corrective measures.
- The EC mark indicates compliance and precludes the need for repeated inspections on import or service placement in the Community.
Affected Products and Actors
- Products: Simple pressure vessels defined as welded vessels subjected to internal gauge pressure over 0.5 bar containing air or nitrogen, not intended for firing. They must be made from non-alloy steel or aluminium alloys and meet dimensional and pressure-temperature criteria (maximum PS 30 bar, PS.xV ≤ 10,000 bar/litre, operating temperature limits).
- Exclusions: Vessels designed specifically for nuclear use, for ship or aircraft installation and propulsion, and fire extinguishers.
- Actors:
- Manufacturers and authorized representatives established within the Community responsible for conformity.
- Approved inspection bodies designated by Member States to carry out type-examination, verification, and surveillance.
- National authorities ensuring compliance, withdrawal of unsafe vessels, and information exchange with the Commission.
- European standardization organizations (CEN & CENELEC) tasked with developing harmonized standards.
Implementation Timeline
- Directive adopted on 25 June 1987.
- Member States required to take necessary steps to give effect to the Directive’s provisions, including designation of approved bodies and enforcement mechanisms.
- Manufacturers must comply with certification procedures prior to production and placing vessels on the market.
- Harmonized standards references are to be published officially and kept updated.
- Member States to ensure mutual recognition of certification and inspections immediately upon compliance with the Directive.
- The EC mark to be affixed after conformity is demonstrated, avoiding delays in market access.
This directive structures regulatory requirements for simple pressure vessels in the EU, promoting safety and facilitating intra-Community trade through harmonization and mutual recognition of conformity assessment.
This Directive applies to simple pressure vessels manufactured in series, defined as welded vessels subjected to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0.5 bar intended to contain air or nitrogen, and not meant to be fired. The vessels must be made of non-alloy quality steel or non-alloy aluminum or non-age-hardening aluminum alloys, shaped either as a cylindrical part with outwardly dished and/or flat ends or two dished ends revolving around the same axis. The maximum working pressure must not exceed 30 bar, and the product of pressure and capacity must not exceed 10,000 bar/litre. Working temperatures range between -50°C and 300°C for steel, and up to 100°C for aluminum vessels. The Directive excludes vessels designed for nuclear use, vessels for installation in or propulsion of ships and aircraft, and fire extinguishers. It covers aspects related to design, manufacture, installation, and conformity assessment to ensure safety while facilitating free movement within the EU market.
Die Richtlinie 87/404/EWG harmonisiert die Sicherheitsanforderungen für einfache Druckbehälter in der EU, um den freien Warenverkehr zu erleichtern und gleichzeitig den Schutz von Personen, Tieren und Gütern sicherzustellen. Sie gilt für geschweißte Behälter aus unlegiertem Stahl oder Aluminium, die mit Luft oder Stickstoff unter einem maximalen Betriebsdruck von 30 bar verwendet werden, ausgenommen spezifische Anwendungen wie Kerntechnik, Luft- und Wasserfahrzeuge sowie Feuerlöscher. Die Mitgliedstaaten dürfen das Inverkehrbringen von konformen Behältern nicht behindern. Konformität wird durch das EG-Zeichen bestätigt, das auf der Einhaltung harmonisierter Normen oder einer EG-Baumusterbescheinigung basiert. Zulassung und Überwachung der Prüfstellen werden geregelt, wobei Verfahren für Musterprüfungen, Losprüfungen und EG-Konformitätserklärungen festgelegt sind. Bei Sicherheitsmängeln dürfen nationale Behörden Maßnahmen ergreifen und müssen die Kommission informieren. Ziel ist eine einheitliche Sicherheitsgrundlage ohne Handelshindernisse, unterstützt durch gegenseitige Anerkennung von Kontrollen und die Entwicklung verbindlicher, aber unverbindlicher technischer Normen durch CEN und CENELEC.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 87/404/EWG zielt darauf ab, die Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaften für einfache Druckbehälter zu harmonisieren. Dies soll gewährleisten, dass solche Druckbehälter ein einheitliches Sicherheitsniveau aufweisen und gleichzeitig den freien Warenverkehr im Binnenmarkt nicht behindern. Kernanliegen ist der Schutz von Personen, Haustieren und Gütern vor Gefahren durch Leckage oder Bersten einfacher Druckbehälter.
Die Mitgliedstaaten hatten bislang unterschiedliche und zwingende Bestimmungen bezüglich Konstruktion, Funktion, Aufstellung, Benutzung und Überwachung der Druckbehälter. Obwohl diese Vorschriften ähnlich hohe Sicherheitsstandards verfolgten, erschwerten sie wegen ihrer Verschiedenartigkeit den innergemeinschaftlichen Handel. Deshalb ersetzt die Richtlinie diese nationalen Vorschriften durch gemeinschaftliche Mindestanforderungen, ohne den bestehenden Schutzgrad zu vermindern.
Zur Erleichterung des Nachweises der Einhaltung der wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen werden europäische harmonisierte Normen entwickelt. Diese „harmonisierten Normen“ sind unverbindlich und basieren auf technischen Spezifikationen, die vom Europäischen Komitee für Normung (CEN) und dem Europäischen Komitee für elektrische Normung (CENELEC) im Auftrag der Kommission erarbeitet werden.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
Sicherheitsanforderungen: Druckbehälter, bei denen das Produkt aus maximalem Betriebsdruck (PS) und Volumen (V) 50 bar·Liter überschreitet, müssen die wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen der Richtlinie erfüllen (Anhang I). Behälter mit niedrigerem Produktwert müssen nach allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Technik gefertigt sein und bestimmte Kennzeichnungen aufweisen.
EG-Kennzeichnung: Konforme Druckbehälter müssen mit dem EG-Zeichen versehen sein, das die Einhaltung der Richtlinie vermuten lässt und wiederholte Kontrollen in den Mitgliedstaaten verhindert.
Bescheinigungsverfahren: Für Behälter mit PS·V über 50 bar·Liter ist vor Herstellung eine EG-Baumusterprüfung durch eine zugelassene Stelle erforderlich. Je nach Produktgröße folgen weitere Prüfungen (EG-Prüfung) oder Konformitätserklärungen.
Zugelassene Stellen: Mitgliedstaaten benennen Prüf- und Überwachungsstellen, die technische Bauunterlagen prüfen, Baumusterprüfungen durchführen und EG-Prüfbescheinigungen ausstellen.
Überwachung und Marktüberwachung: Mitgliedstaaten müssen Maßnahmen ergreifen, wenn Druckbehälter, trotz EG-Kennzeichnung, Sicherheitsrisiken verursachen (z.B. vom Markt nehmen oder Vertrieb verbieten). Die Kommission ist zu informieren und informiert die anderen Mitgliedstaaten.
Normenbeobachtung: Die Kommission und Mitgliedstaaten überwachen, ob harmonisierte Normen weiterhin den wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen genügen und können deren Veröffentlichung anpassen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
Produkte: Serienmäßig hergestellte einfache Druckbehälter, die einem Innendruck von über 0,5 bar ausgesetzt sind, zur Aufnahme von Luft oder Stickstoff bestimmt sind und bestimmte Material- und Konstruktionsanforderungen erfüllen. Unberücksichtigt bleiben Behälter für Kerntechnik, Ausrüstungen für Luft- und Wasserfahrzeuge sowie Feuerlöscher.
Hersteller: Müssen die Vorschriften zur Konstruktion, Prüfung und Kennzeichnung ihrer Druckbehälter einhalten, die erforderlichen Baumusterprüfungen durchführen lassen und ggf. eine EG-Konformitätserklärung abgeben.
Zugelassene Prüfinstitute: Führen EG-Baumusterprüfungen, EG-Prüfungen durch, bescheinigen die Konformität und überwachen die Einhaltung der Anforderungen.
Mitgliedstaaten: Verpflichtet zur Einhaltung und Durchsetzung der Richtlinie, Benennung von Prüfstellen, Marktüberwachung und Informationsweitergabe an Kommission und andere Mitgliedstaaten.
Europäische Komitees für Normung (CEN, CENELEC): Entwicklung der harmonisierten Normen, die als technische Referenz für die Einhaltung der Richtlinie dienen.
Umsetzungstermin
Die Richtlinie 87/404/EWG wurde am 25. Juni 1987 vom Rat verabschiedet und ist für die Mitgliedstaaten verbindlich. Diese mussten die Richtlinie in nationales Recht umsetzen, sodass sie spätestens ab Inkrafttreten der Richtlinie in der gesamten Gemeinschaft gilt.
Die konkreten Fristen zur Umsetzung der Bescheinigungs- und Prüfverfahren sind in den Artikeln geregelt; ab dem Inkrafttreten gelten die Anforderungen für das Inverkehrbringen und die Inbetriebnahme neuer einfacher Druckbehälter.
Die Kommission überwacht die Anwendung und Einhaltung der Richtlinie und kann auf Änderungen der harmonisierten Normen reagieren, wenn diese nicht mehr den wesentlichen Sicherheitsanforderungen entsprechen.
Die Richtlinie 87/404/EWG gilt für serienmäßig hergestellte einfache Druckbehälter, die einem relativen Innendruck von mehr als 0,5 bar ausgesetzt sind und zur Aufnahme von Luft oder Stickstoff bestimmt sind, jedoch keiner Flammeneinwirkung ausgesetzt werden. Die drucktragenden Teile und Verbindungen müssen aus unlegiertem Qualitätsstahl, unlegiertem Aluminium oder nicht aushärtbaren Aluminiumlegierungen gefertigt sein. Der Behälter besteht aus einem zylindrischen Teil mit rundem Querschnitt und nach außen gewölbten und/oder flachen Böden oder zwei gewölbten Böden mit gleicher Achse. Der maximale Betriebsdruck darf 30 bar nicht überschreiten, und das Produkt aus Druck und Volumen (PS x V) darf höchstens 10.000 bar·l betragen. Die Betriebstemperaturen sind auf bestimmte Grenzen beschränkt (Stahl: -50°C bis 300°C, Aluminium: bis 100°C). Ausgenommen sind Behälter für die Kerntechnik, für Wasser- oder Luftfahrzeuge sowie Feuerlöscher. Ziel der Richtlinie ist die Harmonisierung der Sicherheitsanforderungen in der EU zum Schutz von Personen, Tieren und Gütern sowie zur Erleichterung des freien Warenverkehrs.
La directive 87/404/CEE vise à harmoniser les législations des États membres relatives aux récipients à pression simples, c’est-à-dire des récipients soudés destinés à contenir de l’air ou de l’azote sous une pression relative supérieure à 0,5 bar, avec des caractéristiques précises de construction, de pression et de température. Elle établit des exigences essentielles de sécurité pour garantir la protection des personnes, des animaux domestiques et des biens, tout en assurant la libre circulation des produits au sein du marché intérieur européen. La directive impose des procédures communes de certification, incluant l’examen « CE » de type, la vérification « CE », et la déclaration de conformité « CE », accompagnées d’un marquage « CE » attestant de la conformité aux normes harmonisées. Elle prévoit aussi la reconnaissance mutuelle des contrôles effectués par des organismes agréés dans chaque État membre, ainsi que des mesures en cas de non-conformité ou de risque pour la sécurité. En résumé, cette directive vise à garantir un niveau élevé et cohérent de sécurité pour les récipients à pression simples tout en facilitant leur libre circulation dans l’Union européenne.
Objet
La directive 87/404/CEE vise l'harmonisation des législations des États membres relatives aux récipients à pression simples, afin d'assurer la sécurité des personnes, des animaux domestiques et des biens, tout en favorisant la libre circulation de ces produits au sein du marché communautaire. Elle définit les exigences essentielles de sécurité applicables aux récipients à pression simples fabriqués en série et vise à éliminer les obstacles techniques au commerce liés aux disparités réglementaires nationales, sans réduire le niveau de protection existant.
Obligations principales
Champ d’application : Directive applicable aux récipients à pression simples soudés, soumis à une pression intérieure relative supérieure à 0,5 bar, destinés à contenir de l’air ou de l’azote, et dont la pression maximale de service ne dépasse pas 30 bars, avec un produit pression-capacité (PS.V) maximal de 10 000 bar.L.
Exclusions : Appareils nucléaires, équipements destinés aux bateaux ou aéronefs, extincteurs d’incendie.
Exigences de sécurité : Les récipients doivent être conçus, fabriqués, installés et entretenus suivant des règles strictes (caractéristiques de construction, fonctionnement, installation, contrôle) garantissant qu’ils ne compromettent pas la sécurité lors d’un usage normal conforme à leur destination.
Normes harmonisées : Mise en œuvre et présomption de conformité avec des normes européennes harmonisées préparées notamment par le CEN et le CENELEC. Ces normes sont non obligatoires mais leur respect assure la conformité aux exigences essentielles.
Marquage CE : Les récipients conformes aux exigences de la directive et aux normes harmonisées doivent porter la marque CE, attestant de leur conformité et permettant une mise sur le marché sans contrôles supplémentaires dans les États membres.
Procédures de certification :
- Examen CE de type : évaluation d’un modèle de récipient par un organisme agréé.
- Vérification CE : contrôle des lots de fabrication, incluant des épreuves hydrauliques ou pneumatiques et tests sur soudures.
- Déclaration de conformité CE par le fabricant, appuyée par une surveillance exercée par un organisme agréé, notamment pour les récipients avec un produit PS.V > 200 bar.L.
Reconnaissance mutuelle : Les États membres doivent reconnaître les résultats des contrôles effectués selon la directive pour éviter les contrôles multiples.
Gestion des non-conformités : Possibilité pour un État membre de retirer ou interdire des récipients dangereux même s’ils portent la marque CE, avec obligation d’informer la Commission et les autres États membres. La Commission intervient en consultation avec les parties concernées.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Produits : Récipients à pression simples soudés destinés à contenir de l’air ou de l’azote, avec presseur de service et capacité définies selon la directive. Exclusion des appareils nucléaires, équipements maritimes et aéronautiques, extincteurs.
Fabricants : Responsables de la conformité de leurs produits et de l’apposition du marquage CE. Ils doivent constituer un dossier technique et, le cas échéant, demander les examens CE.
Organismes agréés : Entités désignées par les États membres pour réaliser les procédures d’examen de type, de vérification et de surveillance. Ils doivent répondre à des critères stricts et sont inscrits sur une liste tenue par la Commission.
Autorités nationales : Sont chargées de contrôler le marché, de retirer les produits dangereux, et de notifier la Commission et les autres États membres en cas de problème de sécurité.
Calendrier de transposition
La directive a été adoptée le 25 juin 1987. Les États membres devaient transposer ses dispositions en droit national dans un délai fixé par la directive (habituellement dans les deux ans suivant sa date d’adoption, mais la directive ne précise pas une date exacte dans le texte fourni). La conformité aux exigences essentielles et la mise en œuvre des procédures associées sont donc obligatoires pour tous les récipients à pression simples fabriqués en série et mis sur le marché après ce délai.
Cette directive contribue à garantir un niveau élevé de sécurité pour les utilisateurs de récipients à pression simples tout en assurant une circulation sans entrave de ces produits au sein de la Communauté européenne, via des règles harmonisées, un marquage CE obligatoire, et une coopération étroite entre États membres et organismes de certification.
La directive 87/404/CEE s'applique aux récipients à pression simples fabriqués en série. Un récipient à pression simple est un récipient soudé soumis à une pression intérieure relative supérieure à 0,5 bar, destiné à contenir de l'air ou de l'azote, mais non conçu pour être soumis à la flamme. Ces récipients sont fabriqués en acier non allié, aluminium non allié ou alliages d'aluminium non trempant. Ils doivent avoir une forme cylindrique avec fonds bombés ou plats et une pression maximale de service ne dépassant pas 30 bar, avec un produit pression-volume (PS.V) ne dépassant pas 10 000 bar.L. Les températures minimales et maximales de service sont respectivement -50°C et 300°C pour l'acier, et 100°C pour l'aluminium ou ses alliages. Sont exclus les récipients destinés à un usage nucléaire, ceux pour l'équipement ou la propulsion de bateaux ou aéronefs, ainsi que les extincteurs d'incendie.
Direktiva 87/404/EGS ureja usklajevanje zakonodaje držav članic glede enostavnih tlačnih posod, s ciljem zaščite ljudi, živali in premoženja pred nevarnostmi, kot sta puščanje ali eksplozija. Direktiva določa osnovne varnostne zahteve za tlačne posode, katerih notranji nadtlak presega 0,5 bara in ki vsebujejo zrak ali dušik, z omejitvami glede uporabljenih materialov, delovnega tlaka (do 30 barov) in delovne temperature. Izključuje posebne posode, na primer za jedrsko uporabo, ladje, letala in gasilske aparate. Direktiva nalaga, da morajo take posode imeti oznako ES, ki potrjuje skladnost z usklajenimi standardi ali odobrenim prototipom, kar omogoča prosti pretok blaga v EU brez ponovnega nadzora. Poudarja pomen certificiranja, nadzora in zagotavljanja kakovosti v proizvodnji ter določa postopke presoje tipa, overjanja proizvodnih serij in spremljanja skladnosti. Države članice so dolžne sprejeti potrebne ukrepe za izvajanje določb, preprečevanje nevarnosti in umik neskladnih izdelkov s trga.
Namen
Direktiva Sveta 87/404/EGS z dne 25. junija 1987 ureja usklajevanje zakonodaje držav članic glede enostavnih tlačnih posod, da bi zagotovila varnost ljudi, domačih živali in premoženja ter olajšala prosti pretok teh izdelkov znotraj Evropske skupnosti. Namen direktive je preprečiti raznolikost nacionalnih zahtev, ki ovirajo trgovino, hkrati pa ohraniti oz. izboljšati ravni varnosti, s predpisovanjem osnovnih varnostnih zahtev, postopkov za izdelavo, nadzor in označevanje posod.
Ključne obveznosti
Varna izdelava in uporaba: Posode smejo biti dane v promet in uporabljene le, če ne ogrožajo varnosti ljudi, živali ali premoženja ob predpostavki pravilne vgradnje, vzdrževanja in uporabe.
Osnovne varnostne zahteve: Posode z zmnožkom delovnega tlaka in prostornine (PS × V) več kot 50 bar/l morajo izpolnjevati osnovne varnostne zahteve iz Priloge I direktive. Posode z zmnožkom 50 bar/l ali manj morajo biti izdelane skladno z uveljavljeno tehnološko prakso in nositi ustrezne oznake.
Certifikacijski postopki:
- Prototipi posod morajo opraviti ES-pregled tipa, ki ga izvede odobreni nadzorni organ.
- Proizvodne serije večjih posod (PS × V > 3000 bar/l) zahtevajo ES-overjanje, manjše serije lahko proizvajalec opremi tudi z ES-izjavo o skladnosti.
- Proizvajalci morajo vzpostaviti dokumentacijo o proizvodnih procesih, preverjanjih in preskusih skladnosti.
Nadzor in tožbe:
- Države članice morajo priznati oznako ES na posodah kot dokaz skladnosti s predpisanimi zahtevami.
- V primeru tveganja za varnost je treba ukrepe za umik iz tržišča in prepoved dajanja v promet takoj sporočiti Komisiji.
- Komisija in države članice sodelujejo pri oceni in morebitni spremembi usklajenih standardov.
Oznaka ES:
- Posode morajo nositi oznako ES, ki potrjuje skladnost z direktivo.
- Pritrditev oznake je dovoljena le ob izpolnjevanju vseh zahtev.
Vplivani izdelki in akterji
Izdelki: Direktiva se nanaša na enostavne tlačne posode, torej varjene posode za notranji nadtlak nad 0,5 bara, ki vsebujejo zrak ali dušik, niso namenjene gretju z neposrednim plamenom in ustrezajo določenim obliki, materialom (kakovostno nelegirano jeklo, aluminij in zlitine) ter parametrom tlaka in temperature.
Izzvarejeni izloki: Različne vrste posod:
- valjasti deli z izbočenim/ravnim dnom,
- posode z dvema izbočenima dnom.
Izjeme: Posode za jedrsko industrijo, za ladijske ali letalske aplikacije, gasilni aparati niso zajeti.
Akterji:
- Proizvajalci in njihovi pooblaščeni zastopniki v EU, ki morajo zagotavljati skladnost.
- Odobreni nadzorni organi za izvajanje preskusov, izdajanje potrdil, nadzor proizvodnje in overjanje.
- Države članice, ki morajo uskladiti svoje zakonodaje in izvajati nadzor.
- Komisija, ki spremlja izvajanje in koordinira ukrepe.
Časovni okvir za izvedbo
- Države članice so imele obveznost sprejeti potrebne zakone in druge predpise za uskladitev s to direktivo do 1. januarja 1990.
- Predpisi so začeli veljati s 1. julijem 1990.
- Obvezno je takojšnje obveščanje Komisije o sprejetih predpisih.
- Tudi v primeru varnostnih pomislekov morajo bile države članice takoj ukrepati in obvestiti Komisijo.
Ta direktiva je osnova za varnost, proizvajalci predsodijo načine nadzora in dokazujejo skladnost za prosti pretok enostavnih tlačnih posod v okviru EU, hkrati ohranjajo visoke standarde varnosti uporabnikov in tretjih oseb.
Direktiva 87/404/EGS se nanaša na enostavne tlačne posode, ki se izdelujejo v serijah in so namenjene za notranji nadtlak večji od 0,5 bara, pri čemer vsebujejo zrak ali dušik in niso predvidene za segrevanje z neposrednim plamenom. Posode so izdelane iz kakovostnega nelegiranega jekla ali aluminija/aluminijevih zlitin, z valjastim delom krožnega preseka, ki je zaprt z navzven izbočenim in/ali ravnim dnom, delovni tlak pa ne sme preseči 30 barov. Zmnožek tlaka in prostornine posode (PS x V) ne sme presegati 10.000 barov na liter, delovne temperature pa so omejene glede na material. Direktiva ne vključuje posod za jedrsko uporabo, za ladje ali letala ter gasilnih aparatov. Namen direktive je zagotoviti varnost ljudi, živali in premoženja, hkrati pa olajšati prosti pretok takšnih posod na trgu EU s harmonizacijo varnostnih standardov ter nadzornih postopkov.
General Information
This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured.
This document is applicable all types of weld (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections), to, manual, mechanized and automatic welding, and to all welding positions.
It is applicable to the following welding processes:
- metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA;
- tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA;
- plasma arc welding.
It is not applicable to metallurgical aspects (e.g. grain size, hardness).
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured.
This document is applicable all types of weld (e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections), to, manual, mechanized and automatic welding, and to all welding positions.
It is applicable to the following welding processes:
- metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA;
- tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA;
- plasma arc welding.
It is not applicable to metallurgical aspects (e.g. grain size, hardness).
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application.
Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1.
Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply.
This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063.
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding;
14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable.
It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-1:2017 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
ISO 15614-1:2017 applies to production welding, repair welding and build-up welding.
ISO 15614-1:2017 defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within the qualification of this document.
The primary purpose of welding procedure qualification is to demonstrate that the joining process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for the intended application.
Two levels of welding procedure tests are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by levels 1 and 2. In level 2, the extent of testing is greater and the ranges of qualification are more restrictive than in level 1.
Procedure tests carried out to level 2 automatically qualify for level 1 requirements, but not vice-versa.
When no level is specified in a contract or application standard, all the requirements of level 2 apply.
This document applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes in accordance with ISO 4063.
111 - manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
114 - self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
12 - submerged arc welding;
13 - gas-shielded metal arc welding;
14 - gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable electrode;
15 - plasma arc welding;
311 - oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of this document may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
NOTE A former process number does not require a new qualification test according to this document.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures that were made in accordance with previous editions of this document may be used for any application for which the current edition is specified. In this case, the ranges of qualification of previous editions remain applicable.
It is also possible to create a new WPQR (welding procedure qualification record) range of qualification according to this edition based on the existing qualified WPQR, provided the technical intent of the testing requirements of this document has been satisfied. Where additional tests have to be carried out to make the qualification technically equivalent, it is only necessary to perform the additional test on a test piece.
- Standard49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard50 pagesGerman languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6520-1:2007 serves as the basis for a precise classification and description of weld imperfections.
In order to avoid any confusion, the types of imperfection are defined with explanations and illustrations where necessary.
Metallurgical imperfections are not included.
Another system for the designation of imperfections is possible according to ISO/TS 17845. A correspondence is given between the existing classification of imperfections according to ISO 6520-1:2007 and the designation system according to ISO/TS 17845:2004.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6520-1:2007 serves as the basis for a precise classification and description of weld imperfections.
In order to avoid any confusion, the types of imperfection are defined with explanations and illustrations where necessary.
Metallurgical imperfections are not included.
Another system for the designation of imperfections is possible according to ISO/TS 17845. A correspondence is given between the existing classification of imperfections according to ISO 6520-1:2007 and the designation system according to ISO/TS 17845:2004.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Addition of a new normative Annex, for the requirement for peaking, based upon the requirements currently set out in EN 13445-4:2002 (clause 5.4.4).
- Amendment6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Addition of a new normative Annex, for the requirement for peaking, based upon the requirements currently set out in EN 13445-4:2002 (clause 5.4.4).
- Amendment6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
UAP of 4 months (e-mail TC Secr. 00-12-12) (CC/001213)
- Amendment3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
UAP of 4 months (e-mail TC Secr. 00-12-12) (CC/001213)
- Amendment3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - New Figure 6.4.3.2-1
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC - New Figure 6.4.3.2-1
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard defines terms used in industrial radiographic testing.
- Standard – translation26 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rollingstock.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This part of this European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially made pressure vessels, hereinafter referred to as vessels, designed for air breaking equipment and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which: a) include fabrication by welding; b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either: 1) a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having the same axis of revolution as the shell; or: 2) two dished ends having the same axis of revolution. c) have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are welded. 1.2 It applies to vessels which are intended to contain only compressed air, and which operate within the following constraints: a) subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar; b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys; c) maximum working pressure 30 bar. The product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS.V) is greater than 50 bar.litre and not exceeding 1500 bar.litre; d) minimum working temperature - 50 øC and maximum working termperature not higher than 100 øC. It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers. 1.3 The essential safety requirements are given in annex G.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of welded, simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, with a single compartment, here-in-after referred to as vessels, the essential safety requirements of which are given in Annex G. It only applies to vessels that: a) include fabrication by welding, but some designs can entail the use of bolts; b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 586 specifies the mechanical properties and additional properties of forgings in aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering applications. The chemical composition and temper designations for these alloys are specified in EN 573-3 and EN 515 respectively.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of welded, simple unfired pressure vessels manufactured in series, with a single compartment, here-in-after referred to as vessels, the essential safety requirements of which are given in Annex G. It only applies to vessels that: a) include fabrication by welding, but some designs can entail the use of bolts; b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard defines terms used in industrial radiographic testing.
- Standard – translation26 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 586 specifies the mechanical properties and additional properties of forgings in aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering applications. The chemical composition and temper designations for these alloys are specified in EN 573-3 and EN 515 respectively.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rollingstock.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 This part of this European Standard applies to the design and manufacture of simple unfired serially made pressure vessels, hereinafter referred to as vessels, designed for air breaking equipment and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers, and which: a) include fabrication by welding; b) have a simple geometry enabling simple-to-use production procedures. This is achieved by either: 1) a cylindrical shell of circular cross section closed by outwardly dished and/or flat ends having the same axis of revolution as the shell; or: 2) two dished ends having the same axis of revolution. c) have branches not larger in diameter than 0,5 of the diameter of the cylinder to which they are welded. 1.2 It applies to vessels which are intended to contain only compressed air, and which operate within the following constraints: a) subjected to an internal pressure greater than 0,5 bar; b) the parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the vessel under pressure to be made either of non-alloy quality steel or of non-alloy aluminium or non-age hardening aluminium alloys; c) maximum working pressure 30 bar. The product of that pressure and the capacity of the vessel (PS.V) is greater than 50 bar.litre and not exceeding 1500 bar.litre; d) minimum working temperature - 50 øC and maximum working termperature not higher than 100 øC. It does not apply to vessels specifically designed for nuclear use, to vessels specifically intended for installation in or the propulsion of ships and aircraft, or to fire extinguishers. 1.3 The essential safety requirements are given in annex G.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2553:2013 defines the rules to be applied for symbolic representation of welded joints on technical drawings. This may include information about the geometry, manufacture, quality and testing of the welds. The principles of this standard may also be applied to soldered and brazed joints.
It is recognized that there are two different approaches in the global market to designate the arrow side and other side on drawings. In ISO 2553:2013: sections, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a dual reference line; sections, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a single reference line; sections, tables and figures which do not have the suffix letter "A" or "B" are applicable to both systems.
The symbols shown may be combined with other symbols used on technical drawings, for example to show surface finish requirements.
An alternative designation method is presented which may be used to represent welded joints on drawings by specifying essential design information such as weld dimensions, quality level, etc. The joint preparation and welding process(es) are then determined by the production unit in order to meet the specified requirements.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 898 specifies mechanical and physical properties of nuts with coarse thread and fine pitch
thread made of carbon steel and alloy steel when tested at an ambient temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C.
Nuts conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 898 are evaluated at that ambient temperature range.
It is possible that they do not retain the specified mechanical and physical properties at elevated and/or lower
temperatures.
NOTE 1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 898 have been used in applications
ranging from ?50 °C to +150 °C. It is the responsibility of users to consult an experienced fastener materials expert
for temperatures outside the range of ?50 °C to +150 °C and up to a maximum temperature of +300°C to determine
appropriate choices for a given application.
NOTE 2 Information for the selection and application of steels for use at lower and elevated temperatures is given for
instance in EN 10269, ASTM F2281 and in ASTM A320/A320M.
This part of ISO 898 is applicable to nuts:
a) made of carbon steel or alloy steel;
b) with coarse thread M5 ≤ D ≤ M39, and fine pitch thread M8×1 ≤ D ≤ M39×3;
c) with triangular ISO metric thread according to ISO 68-1;
d) with diameter/pitch combinations according to ISO 261 and ISO 262;
e) with specified property classes, including proof load;
f) with different nut styles: thin nuts, regular nuts and high nuts;
g) with minimum height m ≥ 0,45D;
h) with a minimum outside diameter or width across flats s ≥ 1,45D (see Annex A);
i) able to mate with bolts, screws and studs with property classes according to ISO 898-1.
For hot dip galvanized nuts, see ISO 10684.
This part of ISO 898 does not specify requirements for properties such as:
— prevailing torque properties (see ISO 2320);
— torque/clamp force properties (see ISO 16047 for test method);
— weldability;
— corrosion resistance.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines terms used in ultrasonic testing.
- Standard114 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 17638:2003 specifies techniques for detection of surface imperfections in welds in ferromagnetic materials, including the heat affected zones, by means of magnetic particle testing. The techniques are suitable for most welding processes and joint configurations.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2560:2009 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes and deposited metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa.
ISO 2560:2009 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal.
Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter “A” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all‑weld metal in ISO 2560:2009.
Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter “B” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all‑weld metal in ISO 2560:2009.
Paragraphs and tables which do not have either the suffix letter “A” or the suffix letter “B” are applicable to all covered electrodes classified in ISO 2560:2009.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO - Taking over of an ISO Technical Corrigendum (Cor.2)
Cor.1 cannot be taken over because of its conflicting superseding information
- Corrigendum3 pagesFrench languagee-Library read for1 day
plamensko namesto plinsko
- Amendment11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO - Taking over of a ISO Technical Corrigendum
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10042:2005 specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. It covers full-penetration butt welds and all fillet welds. The principles of the standard may also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose of the product manufactured.
The standard applies to:
all types of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
the following welding processes and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063:
131....metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA/,
141....tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA/,
15......plasma arc welding;
manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
all welding positions.
Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by the standard.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-2:2005 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
It applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys.
It does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is dealt with by ISO 15614-4.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for flat products and bars made of steel in accordance with the specifications for pressurized parts in simple pressure vessels as defined in the Directive 87/404/EEC (see Annex A) and standardized in EN 286-1 to -3.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 6848:2004 specifies requirements for classification of nonconsumable tungsten electrodes for inert gas shielded arc welding, and for plasma welding, cutting and thermal spraying.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-1:2004 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
It defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure tests and the range of qualification for welding procedures for all practical welding operations within a range of variables. Additional tests may be required by application standards.
ISO 15614-1:2004 applies to the arc and gas welding of steels in all product forms and the arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys in all product forms.
Arc and gas welding are covered by the following processes:
manual metal arc welding (metal-arc welding with covered electrode);
self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
submerged arc welding;
metal inert gas welding, MIG welding;
metal active gas welding, MAG welding;
tubular-cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;
tubular-cored metal arc welding with inert gas shield;
tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding;
plasma arc welding;
oxy-acetylene welding.
The principles of ISO 15614-1:2004 may be applied to other fusion welding processes.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15607:2003 defines general rules for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials.
It also refers to several other standards as regards detailed rules for specific applications. ISO 15607:2003 is applicable to manual, mechanized and automatic welding.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO - Taking over of an ISO Technical Corrigendum (Cor.2)
Cor.1 cannot be taken over because of its conflicting superseding information
- Corrigendum3 pagesFrench languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15614-2:2005 specifies how a preliminary welding procedure specification is qualified by welding procedure tests.
It applies to the arc welding of wrought and cast aluminium and its alloys.
It does not apply to finishing welding of aluminium castings, which is dealt with by ISO 15614-4.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 898 specifies mechanical and physical properties of nuts with coarse thread and fine pitch
thread made of carbon steel and alloy steel when tested at an ambient temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C.
Nuts conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 898 are evaluated at that ambient temperature range.
It is possible that they do not retain the specified mechanical and physical properties at elevated and/or lower
temperatures.
NOTE 1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 898 have been used in applications
ranging from ?50 °C to +150 °C. It is the responsibility of users to consult an experienced fastener materials expert
for temperatures outside the range of ?50 °C to +150 °C and up to a maximum temperature of +300°C to determine
appropriate choices for a given application.
NOTE 2 Information for the selection and application of steels for use at lower and elevated temperatures is given for
instance in EN 10269, ASTM F2281 and in ASTM A320/A320M.
This part of ISO 898 is applicable to nuts:
a) made of carbon steel or alloy steel;
b) with coarse thread M5 ≤ D ≤ M39, and fine pitch thread M8×1 ≤ D ≤ M39×3;
c) with triangular ISO metric thread according to ISO 68-1;
d) with diameter/pitch combinations according to ISO 261 and ISO 262;
e) with specified property classes, including proof load;
f) with different nut styles: thin nuts, regular nuts and high nuts;
g) with minimum height m ≥ 0,45D;
h) with a minimum outside diameter or width across flats s ≥ 1,45D (see Annex A);
i) able to mate with bolts, screws and studs with property classes according to ISO 898-1.
For hot dip galvanized nuts, see ISO 10684.
This part of ISO 898 does not specify requirements for properties such as:
— prevailing torque properties (see ISO 2320);
— torque/clamp force properties (see ISO 16047 for test method);
— weldability;
— corrosion resistance.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2560:2009 specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes and deposited metal in the as-welded condition and in the post-weld heat-treated condition for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels with a minimum yield strength of up to 500 MPa or a minimum tensile strength of up to 570 MPa.
ISO 2560:2009 is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all-weld metal, or utilizing a system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all-weld metal.
Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter “A” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based upon the yield strength and the average impact energy of 47 J of all‑weld metal in ISO 2560:2009.
Paragraphs and tables which carry the suffix letter “B” are applicable only to covered electrodes classified to the system based upon the tensile strength and the average impact energy of 27 J of all‑weld metal in ISO 2560:2009.
Paragraphs and tables which do not have either the suffix letter “A” or the suffix letter “B” are applicable to all covered electrodes classified in ISO 2560:2009.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 15607:2003 defines general rules for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials.
It also refers to several other standards as regards detailed rules for specific applications. ISO 15607:2003 is applicable to manual, mechanized and automatic welding.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2553:2013 defines the rules to be applied for symbolic representation of welded joints on technical drawings. This may include information about the geometry, manufacture, quality and testing of the welds. The principles of this standard may also be applied to soldered and brazed joints.
It is recognized that there are two different approaches in the global market to designate the arrow side and other side on drawings. In ISO 2553:2013: sections, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter "A" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a dual reference line; sections, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter "B" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a single reference line; sections, tables and figures which do not have the suffix letter "A" or "B" are applicable to both systems.
The symbols shown may be combined with other symbols used on technical drawings, for example to show surface finish requirements.
An alternative designation method is presented which may be used to represent welded joints on drawings by specifying essential design information such as weld dimensions, quality level, etc. The joint preparation and welding process(es) are then determined by the production unit in order to meet the specified requirements.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO - Taking over of a ISO Technical Corrigendum
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10042:2005 specifies quality levels for imperfections in arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. It applies to material thicknesses above 0,5 mm. It covers full-penetration butt welds and all fillet welds. The principles of the standard may also be applied to partial-penetration butt welds.
Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded constructions. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness for purpose of the product manufactured.
The standard applies to:
all types of weld, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;
the following welding processes and their sub-processes as defined in ISO 4063:
131....metal inert gas welding (MIG welding); gas metal arc welding /USA/,
141....tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding); gas tungsten arc welding /USA/,
15......plasma arc welding;
manual, mechanized and automatic welding;
all welding positions.
Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by the standard.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for flat products and bars made of steel in accordance with the specifications for pressurized parts in simple pressure vessels as defined in the Directive 87/404/EEC (see Annex A) and standardized in EN 286-1 to -3.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
plamensko namesto plinsko
- Amendment11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 87/404/EEC covers "Simple pressure vessels". There are 160 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 87/404/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 87/404/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.