2011-01-2104 - Pravilnik o tehnični skladnosti tirnih vozil

This document establishes requirements, test procedures, assessment methods and acceptance criteria for operating rolling stock in open track. For pressure variations and slipstream effects beside the track, requirements and assessment methods are provided. For running resistance, assessment methods are addressed in this document. Load cases on infrastructure components due to train-induced pressure variations and slipstream effects are addressed in this document. For ballasted track test set-ups for ballast projection assessment are proposed.
The requirements only apply to rolling stock of the heavy rail system with maximum train speeds above 160 km/h and not to other rail systems. The document is applicable to all rolling stock and infrastructure in open air with nominal track gauges of 1 435 mm to 1 668 mm inclusive.

This document specifies the method to be followed to achieve a satisfactory design of bogie frames and includes design procedures, assessment methods, verification and manufacturing quality requirements. It is limited to the structural requirements of bogie frames including bolsters and axlebox housings. For the purpose of this document, these terms are taken to include all functional attachments, e.g. damper brackets.

Revised Annex ZA

revised Annexe ZA

This document specifies a design assessment procedure of a forged and rolled monobloc wheel (RST). This assessment is carried out before the wheel is commissioned. This document describes, in particular, the assessment to be performed in order to use wheels on a European network which, in addition, have quality requirements in conformity with those defined in EN 13262.
This assessment requires that the conditions of use for the wheel are defined and this standard provides a method for defining those conditions.
The assessment of the design covers four aspects:
- a geometrical aspect: to allow interchangeability of different solutions for the same application;
­- a thermomechanical aspect: to manage wheel deformations and to ensure that braking will not cause wheels to fracture;
- a mechanical aspect: to ensure that no fatigue cracks occur in the wheel web and that no permanent deformation occurs under exceptional loading;
- an acoustic aspect: to ensure that the solution chosen is as good as the reference wheel.
This document does not cover assessment of the hub or of the rim.
This document has been drawn up for wheels of non­powered tread­braked wheelsets and applies in full to this type of wheel. For wheels on which disc brakes are mounted or toothed transmission wheels or even wheels with noise reduction devices, the requirements may be amended or supplemented.
For urban railway vehicles, other standards or documents may be used.

This part of EN 45545 specifies the reaction to fire performance requirements for materials and products used on railway vehicles as defined in EN 45545-1.
The operation and design categories defined in EN 45545-1 are used to establish hazard levels that are used as the basis of a classification system.
For each hazard level, this part specifies the test methods, test conditions and reaction to fire performance requirements.
It is not within the scope of this European Standard to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire.

This document specifies the criteria for system acceptance and type approval of a wheel slide protection (WSP) system. It also specifies criteria for the implementation of WSP to specific vehicle applications and specific operating conditions, as well as requirements for wheel rotation monitoring (WRM). This includes the design, testing and quality assessment of the WSP and WRM systems and their components.
This European Standard does not apply to vehicles on rubber tyred wheels or vehicles equipped with hydraulic brakes.

This European Standard:
— defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking conditions;
— gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals;
— specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N, EA1T and EA4T defined in EN 13261:2020;
— describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades;
— determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance.
This European Standard is applicable for:
— axles defined in EN 13261:2020
— powered and non-powered axles and
— all track gauges3.
The powered axle design method of this European Standard applies to:
— solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock;
— solid and hollow non-powered axles of motor bogies;
— solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives.
The non-powered axle design method of this standard applies to solid and hollow axles of railway rolling stock used for the transportation of passengers and freight that are not considered in the list above.
This European Standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions. Before using this European Standard, if there is any doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible stresses. The calculation of wheelset axles for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this European Standard only for the load cases of free-rolling and rolling in train formation. This European Standard does not apply to the loads induced by the vehicles in their working mode. They are calculated separately.
This method can be used for light rail and tramway applications.

This document specifies requirements for the technical compatibility between pantographs and overhead contact lines, to achieve free access to the lines of the European railway network.
NOTE These requirements are defined for a limited number of pantograph types conforming to the requirements in 5.3, together with the geometry and characteristics of compatible overhead contact lines.

This document specifies the requirements for the draw gear and screw coupling for the end of rolling stock that is bound to couple with other rolling stock (freight wagons, locomotives, passenger vehicles, etc.).
This document covers the functionality, construction, interfaces and testing including pass/fail criteria for draw gear and screw coupling.
The document describes three categories of classification of draw gear and screw coupling, (1 MN, 1,2 MN and 1,5 MN).
Coupling systems between permanently coupled vehicle units are not in the scope of this document.

This document defines the requirements for buffers with 105 mm, 110 mm and 150 mm stroke for vehicles or units which use buffers and screw coupling. It covers the functionality, interfaces and testing procedures, including pass fail criteria, for buffers.
NOTE 1   Typically, buffers with a stroke of 105 mm are used on freight wagons and locomotives, buffers with a stroke of 110 mm are used on coaches and locomotives and buffers with a stroke of 150 mm are used on freight wagons.
It defines the different categories of buffers, the space envelope, static and dynamic characteristics and energy absorption.
It defines the static and dynamic characteristics of the elastic systems.
It also defines the requirements for buffers with integrated crash elements (crashworthy buffers) for tank wagons for dangerous goods.
The requirements of this document also apply to buffers of locomotives and passenger coaches which are bound to meet the crashworthiness requirements of EN 15227 for normal service only. The properties for the energy absorbing function are defined in EN 15227 and the requirements specified in Clause 7 for tank wagons for dangerous goods are not applicable to the buffers of these locomotives and passenger coaches.
Diagonal buffers are excluded from this document.
For the crashworthy buffers of locomotives, cab cars or passenger coaches according to EN 15227, and tank wagons for dangerous goods or buffers which form part of a combined system consisting of a special buffer and a deformation element, interchangeability with freight wagon buffers is not required, and therefore the requirements of 5.3 (Buffer dimensions) do not apply, those of 5.4 (Mechanical characteristics of buffers) and 5.6 (Marking) apply with restrictions.
NOTE 2   For tank wagons subjected to dangerous goods regulation see [35].

This document specifies the requirements for the rescue coupler for train sets compliant with the Technical Specification for Interoperability Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock (TSI Loc & Pas).
This document defines the rescue coupler foreseen to connect rescue vehicle equipped with draw hook, according to EN 15566 together with the train to be rescued equipped with Type 10 automatic coupler according to EN 16019.

This document specifies the characteristics of wheelsets for all track gauges.
This document applies to heavy railway vehicles but may also apply to other vehicles such as light railway vehicles, trams or undergrounds.
This document applies to wheelsets made from elements defined by the following European Standards:
- EN 13262 for wheels;
- EN 13261 for axles.
The requirements defined in this standard apply to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements also apply to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. Specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. press-fitting curves, geometric dimensions...) are defined in the technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.

This document specifies the characteristics of railway wheels, used for all track gauges.
This document applies to heavy railway vehicles but may also apply to other applications such as light railway vehicles, trams or underground systems. Five steel grades, ER6, ER7, ER8, ERS8 and ER9, are defined in this document.
NOTE 1 Steel grade ERS8 has been introduced in this document as an optimisation of steel grades ER8 and ER9 due to contact fatigue (RCF), taking into account service feedback from Europe, for example, BS 5892-3 in force in the United Kingdom.
Some features are provided as a Category 1 or Category 2 function.
The requirements defined in this standard apply to cylindrical bores. Most requirements also apply to wheels with tapered bores. Specific requirements for tapered bores (e.g. geometrical dimensions, etc.) are defined in the technical specification.
This document applies to monobloc wheels in vacuum degassed steel, forged and rolled, with surface treated rims, which have already been the subject of extensive commercial applications on a European network or have complied with a technical approval procedure according to EN 13979 – 1: 2019 to validate their design.
Annex A describes the evaluation process for accepting new materials that are not included in this document.
This document defines the requirements to be met for wheels; the technical approval procedure is not part of the scope of this document.
NOTE 2 A "surface-treated rim" is achieved by heat treatment which aims to harden the rim and create compressive residual stress.

This document specifies requirements for the technical compatibility between pantographs and overhead contact lines, to achieve free access to the lines of the European railway network.
NOTE   These requirements are defined for a limited number of pantograph types conforming to the requirements in 5.3, together with the geometry and characteristics of compatible overhead contact lines.

This document:
-   defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking conditions;
-   gives the stress calculation method for axles with inboard axle journals;
-   specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N, EA1T and EA4T defined in EN 13261;
-   describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades;
-   determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance.
This document is applicable for axles defined in EN 13261.
This document applies only for heavy rail vehicles.
The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. railbound construction and maintenance machines) can be made according to this document only for the load cases of free-rolling and rolling in train formation.

This document establishes the general principles for determining the fire resistance of various elements of construction when subjected to standard fire exposure conditions. Alternative and additional procedures to meet special requirements are given in EN 1363-2.
The principle that has been embodied within all European standards relating to fire resistance testing is that where aspects and procedures of testing are common to all specific test methods e.g. the temperature/time curve, then they are specified in this test method. Where a general principle is common to many specific test methods but the details vary according to the element being tested (e.g. the measurement of unexposed face temperature), then the principle is given in this document, but the details are given in the specific test method. Where certain aspects of testing are unique to a particular specific test method (e.g. the air leakage test for fire dampers), then no details are included in this document.
The test results obtained might be directly applicable to other similar elements, or variations of the element tested. The extent to which this application is permitted depends upon the field of direct application of the test result. This is restricted by the provision of rules which limit the variation from the tested specimen without further evaluation. The rules for determining the permitted variations are given in each specific test method.
Variations outside those permitted by direct application are covered under extended application of test results. This results from an in-depth review of the design and performance of a particular product in test(s) by a recognized authority. Further consideration on direct and extended application is given in Annex A.
The duration for which the tested element, as modified by its direct or extended field of application, satisfies specific criteria will permit subsequent classification.
All values given in this document are nominal unless otherwise specified.

This document defines the functional and technical requirements for head, marker and tail lamps for heavy rail units, excluding road, metro and self-contained systems.
This document also defines the requirements for testing and conformity assessment.
Lamps designed for special purposes, for example illumination of third rail, are excluded from the scope of this document.
Portable lamps are excluded from the scope of this document.

This document defines warning horn requirements that deliver the required audibility of approaching heavy rail vehicles. The requirements of this document do not apply to urban rail systems.
NOTE 1   The requirements for exterior audible warning devices for urban rail vehicles are found in EN 15153 4.
In the case of shunting heavy rail vehicle formations, the requirements of this document do not apply to the pushed vehicle(s).
For this purpose, the following requirements are included:
-   functional and technical requirements of the warning horn as a component,
-   functional and technical requirements of the integration of warning horns into the vehicle, and
-   test requirements.
Operational requirements and maintenance requirements for warning horns are excluded.
NOTE 2   The requirements for the control of warning horns can be found in EN 16186 2.

This document specifies requirements for the design and dimensions of the brake disc.
This document applies to discs pressed or shrunk onto the axle or drive shaft of railway rolling stock by a cylindrical or conic tapered interference fit.
This document applies to discs having one or more disc brake rings, each having two axially separated friction faces.

This European Standard describes general algorithms for the brake performance calculations to be used for all types of train sets, units or single vehicles, including high speed, locomotive and passenger coaches, conventional vehicles and wagons.
This European Standard does not specify the performance requirements. It enables the estimation and/or comparison by calculation of the various aspects of the performance: stopping or slowing distances, dissipated energy, power, force calculations and immobilization braking.
If it is required to validate, verify or assess braking performance it is recommended that a more detailed calculation is performed in accordance with EN 14531-2, i.e. a step by step calculation.
This European Standard contains generic examples of the calculation of brake forces for individual brake equipment types and calculation of stopping distance and immobilization braking relevant to a train (see Annexes C and D).

Annex ZZ

This document is applicable to the authorities involved in all types of railway operation.
This European Standard is applicable to new vehicle designs, to modifications and to the checking of the gauge for vehicles already in use.
The application of the rules of this European Standard makes it possible to determine the maximum dimensions of vehicles related to the structures.
This European Standard contains:
- the associated rules for all the gauges for rolling stock;
- the requirements for composing the technical gauge report to submit to the Acceptance Authority in order to confirm vehicle conformity to this standard;
- the requirements for maintaining the vehicle characteristics influencing gauging throughout its operational life.

This European Standard specifies testing methods to establish the basic characteristics of newly manufactured pantograph contact strips. Not all tests may be relevant to some designs of contact strips.
This European Standard excludes wear tests, and tests using a particular pantograph. Additional supplementary tests, out of the scope of this standard, may be necessary to determine suitability for a particular application and are by prior agreement between customer and manufacturer.

This European Standard describes the step-by-step method for the calculation of brake performance utilizing time step integration which may be used for all types of train sets, units or single vehicles, including high-speed, locomotive and passenger coaches, conventional vehicles and wagons.
This European Standard does not specify the performance requirements. It enables the calculation of the various aspects of the performance: stopping or slowing distances, adhesion requirements, force calculations, etc.
This European Standard enables the verification by calculation of the stopping and slowing performance for high-speed and conventional trains operating on high-speed and conventional infrastructure. It may also be used for the detailed investigation of stopping or slowing performance at any design/verification stage.
The proposed method of this standard is based on a numerical time integration algorithm. The standard explains a simple numerical integration scheme in order to provide a useful straightforward example of the proposed method. Other numerical time integration algorithms exist, especially more accurate ones, but they are not in the scope of this Standard.
NOTE    When such methods are used the order of accuracy that they achieve has to be in accordance with this European Standard.
This European Standard also includes examples of distance and other dynamic calculations, see Annex B.

This European Standard intends to define environmental conditions within Europe.   NOTE 1   It can also be applied elsewhere by agreement.  The scope of this European Standard covers the definitions and ranges of the following parameters:  Altitude, temperature, humidity, air movement, rain, snow and hail, ice, solar radiation, lightning, pollution for rolling stock and on-board equipment (mechanical, electromechanical, electrical, electronic).   In particular, this European Standard defines interface conditions between the vehicle and its environment. The defined environmental conditions are considered as normal in service.  NOTE 2   Further guidance on severe conditions can be found within prEN 16251.  Rolling stock or parts of it can also be used outside the specification with reduced performance. NOTE 3   In these cases, relevant operating rules could be necessary to ensure the technical compatibility between the rolling stock and environmental conditions. Microclimates surrounding components may be defined by relevant product standards or by special requirements. Passenger effects on the equipment and equipment effects on the passengers are not considered in this European Standard. This European Standard does not apply to cranes, mining vehicles, cable cars. This European Standard also does not apply to natural disaster (e.g. earthquake).

The measures and requirements specified in EN 45545 are intended to protect passengers and staff in railway vehicles in the event of a fire on board.
EN 45545 specifies:
-   fire protection measures for  railway vehicles;
-   verification methods for these measures.
The protection of passengers and staff is essentially based on measures to:
-   prevent fires occurring due to technical faults and due to equipment design or vehicle layout (Part 1, Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7);
-   minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to accidents or vandalism (Part 1 and Part 2);
-   detect a fire should it occur (Part 6);
-   limit the spread of fire by specification of materials according to their operational categories (Part 2) and by measures for containment (Part 3);
-   minimise the effects of fire in terms of heat, smoke and toxic gases on passengers or staff through the specification of materials installed on railway vehicles (Part 2);
-   control and manage a fire, for example by means of fire detection, suppression and/or emergency shut down (Part 6).
The ultimate objective in the event of a fire on board is to allow passengers and staff to evacuate the railway vehicle and reach a place of safety.
The present European Standard describes the measures to be taken in the design of the vehicles in the context of the infrastructure on which they operate.
It is not within the scope of EN 45545 to describe measures that ensure the preservation of the vehicles in the event of a fire beyond what is required to fulfil the objective to protect passengers and staff.
This European Standard is valid for railway vehicles as defined in Clause 3.
Freight transportation vehicles are not covered by EN 45545.
This part of EN 45545 covers:
-   principal definitions;
-   operation categories;
-   design categories;
-   fire safety objectives;
-   general requirements for fire protection measures and their evaluation of conformity.

This European Standard specifies the general assembly characteristics which are to be applied to pantographs, to enable current collection from the overhead contact line system. It also specifies the tests the pantographs have to perform, excluding insulators. This European Standard is not applicable to pantograph dielectric tests, which are to be performed on the pantograph installed on the vehicle roof. If no other requirement is agreed between customer and supplier, insulation coordination according to EN 50124 1 may be used. This European Standard is not applicable to pantographs used on isolated metros and light rail systems. These pantographs are considered in EN 50206 2.

This standard defines basic requirements for the braking of passenger coaches in trains hauled by
locomotives as described in EN 14198, using UIC air brakes (RIC traffic) operating on routes of the European
railways and their infrastructure systems.
This standard covers:
.all new vehicle designs of the passenger coach type of construction (day coaches, restaurant cars,
sleeper coaches, driving trailers, baggage cars, etc.);
.all new constructions of existing vehicle types;
.other vehicles (e.g. motorail vehicles) that may also be included in passenger trains;
.all major overhauls of the above-mentioned vehicles if they involve redesigning or extensive alteration to
the brake system of the vehicle concerned.
The vehicles meet the following technical criteria:
.inclusion in trains in accordance with EN 14198 in regular railway operation is possible (coupling
capacity);
.the maximum speed is between 100 km/h and 200 km/h;
.the lower vehicle limitations of UIC 505-1 (WIs 00256150/151/152) are adhered to.

This standard specifies the characteristics, performance requirements and test methods for portable fire extinguishers.
Reference to the suitability of an extinguisher for use on gaseous fires (class C fires) are at the manufacturer’s discretion, but are applied only to powder type extinguishers which have gained a class B or class A and class B rating.
Suitability of extinguishers for use on class D fires (fires involving flammable metals) is outside the scope of this standard in respect of test fires. However, extinguishers claiming class D suitability are covered in all other respects by the requirements in this standard for powder extinguishers.
It is considered hazardous for powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to be used on Class F fires.  For this reason powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are excluded for conformance with regard to Class F in this European Standard.
NOTE   The extinction of a metal fire presents a situation so specific (in terms of the metal itself, its form, the configuration of the fire etc.) that it is not possible to define a representative standard fire for the purposes of testing. The efficiency of extinguishers on class D fires needs to be established on a case by case basis.

This European Standard refers to filtering devices with a hood for personal escape from particulate matter, carbon monoxide and other toxic gases produced by fire. It specifies minimum requirements for this device which is for single use. It does not cover devices designed for use in circumstances where there is or might be an oxygen deficiency (oxygen less than 17 % by volume).
Two types of devices are specified; namely, those designed to be carried on the person and those designed to be stored.
This standard specifies devices primarily designed for adult users. Some devices may not be suitable for children.
Laboratory and practical performance tests are included for the assessment of compliance with the requirements.

This European Standard specifies minimum requirements for lung governed demand self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus for escape.
This European Standard does not apply to apparatus for work and rescue or to diving apparatus.
Laboratory and practical performance tests are included for the assessment of compliance with the requirements.

Classifies the environmental conditions to which a product not forming part of the vehicle is subjected when installed in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, and flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle. Vehicles where products may be permanently or temporarily installed include road vehicles, rail vehicles, overland vehicles, handling and storage vehicles, and self-propelled machinery.

This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rollingstock.

This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired steel pressure vessels, referred to as "vessel" in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock.

This European Standard establishes requirements for the compatibility of rolling stock with infrastructure particularly in relation to:  –   co-ordination of protection principles between power supply and traction units, especially fault discrimination for short-circuits; –   co-ordination of installed power on the line and the power demand of trains; –   co-ordination of traction unit regenerative braking and power supply receptivity; –   co-ordination of harmonic behaviour. This European Standard deals with the definition and quality requirements of the power supply at the interface between traction units and fixed installations. This European Standard specifies the interface between rolling stock and electrical fixed installations for traction, in respect of the power supply system. The interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line is dealt with in EN 50367. The interaction with the “control-command” subsystem (especially signalling) is not dealt with in this standard. Requirements are given for TSI lines (both high speed and conventional) and classical lines. For classical lines, values, where given, are for the existing European networks. Furthermore the maximum values that are specified are applicable to the foreseen developments of the infrastructure of the Trans European rail networks. The following electric traction systems are within scope: –   railways; –   guided mass transport systems that are integrated with railways; –   material transport systems that are integrated with railways. This European Standard does not apply retrospectively to rolling stock already in service.  Information is given on electrification parameters such as to enable train operating companies to confirm, after consultation with the rolling stock manufacturers, that there will be no consequential disturbance on the electrification system.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the design, dimensions, performance and testing of single/double brake indicators. It applies to pneumatically and electrically operating brake indicators visible from the outside of the vehicle.
NOTE   Brake indicators are for giving information about release and application of the brake.
This European Standard applies to brake indicators on railway vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams and private networks (regional railways, company railways etc.).
This document does not apply to brake indicator for magnetic track brake or eddy current brake.

This document is applicable to manually operated end cocks designed to cut-off the brake pipe and the main reservoir pipe of the air brake and compressed air system of rail vehicles; without taking the type of vehicles and track-gauge into consideration.
This document specifies requirements for the design, dimensions, testing and certification (qualification and/or homologation), and marking.

This document specifies the characteristics of the axles for all track gauges.
This document applies to heavy railway vehicles but may also apply to other vehicles such as light railway vehicles, trams or undergrounds.
It defines the characteristics of axles manufactured by forging or rolling, in vacuum-degassed steel, grade EA1N1, EA1T1 and EA4T1. For hollow axles, this document only applies to those obtained by machining the hole in a solid forged or rolled axle.
The requirements defined in this standard apply to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements also apply to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. Specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. geometric dimensions) are defined in the technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.
This document applies to axles whose design complies with the rules defined in EN 13103-1.
This document also allows variations in material characteristics in relation to alternative manufacturing processes (e.g. cold forging, shot peening, thermal spraying, steel cleanliness, reduction ratio, improvement of material properties through fusion or heat treatment processes, etc.)..

This European Standard defines a set of reference masses for specifying the requirements for the design, testing, acceptance, marking, delivery and operation of rail vehicles.
The reference masses defined in this document are as follows:
-   dead mass;
-   design mass in working order;
-   design mass under normal payload;
-   design mass under exceptional payload;
-   operational mass in working order;
-   operational mass under normal payload.
These reference masses are defined with respect to the whole vehicle, but they can also apply to a specific system or component.
The specification of values for tolerances applicable to reference masses is not in the scope of this standard. Tolerances can be required by an application standard.
Additional loadings due to environmental factors, for example snow and retained or absorbed rainwater, are not in the scope of this European Standard.

This document specifies crashworthiness requirements applicable to new designs of:
- locomotives;
- driving vehicles operating in passenger and freight trains;
- passenger rail vehicles operating in passenger trains (such as trams, metros, mainline trains).
This document identifies common methods of providing passive safety that can be adapted to suit individual vehicle requirements.
This document specifies the characteristics of reference obstacle models for use with the design collision scenarios.
This document also specifies the requirements and methods for demonstrating that the passive safety objectives have been achieved by comparison with existing proven designs, numerical simulation, component or full-size tests, or a combination of all these methods.

2021-01-13, JE: TC - Correction of text: 1st sentence of 8.3.3.3.1, 2nd sentence of 8.3.3.3.2 and 2nd sentence of 8.3.3.3

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