D04.40 - Asphalt Specifications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standards for graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading is related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, the intermediate pavement design temperature, and the minimum pavement design temperature. The Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binder shall be prepared by adding the Trinidad Lake asphalt modifier to base asphalt produced from the refining of petroleum crude. The base asphalt binder shall be homogenous, and free from water or any deleterious materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance-graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind Online calculated maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind Online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed July 10, 2023.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of paving grade asphalt cements, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use. Tests shall be performed to conform with the physical requirements of the asphalt-rubber binder, in accordance with the following test methods: apparent viscosity; modified test method; penetration; softening point; resilience; flash point; thin-film oven test residue; and penetration retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder consisting of a blend of asphalt binder, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber, and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt binder sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portions only, Sections 4 and 5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.3.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind Online calculated maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Tables 1 and 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind Online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed May 23, 2023.
Note 2: For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M.
Note 3: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind Online calculated maximum pavement design temperature, the minimum pavement design temperature, and the traffic loading.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind Online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed May 23, 2023.  
1.2 This specification incorporates Test Method D7405 for determining non-recoverable creep compliance, Jnr. “S,” “H,” “V,” or “E” designations must be specified for standard, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy traffic loading, respectively.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 2: A guidance document for specifying bodies using R % for elastic properties is under development.
Note 3: For asphalt binders graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.
Note 4: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the material, manufacturing, and physical requirements for re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. "Re-refined engine oil bottoms" (REOB) is the commonly used term used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while "vacuum tower asphalt extender" (VTAE) is preferred by manufacturers. REOB/VTAE may be obtained by processing used engine oil using atmospheric distillation followed by vacuum distillation to produce a vacuum residuum meeting the requirements outlined in this specification. The REOB/VTAE shall be homogenous, free from water, and not foam when heated to 232°C (450°F).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. This specification has been developed specifically for these two categories of product and is not intended for other uses. Table 1 is to be used for pavement construction and Table 2 for roofing. “Re-refined engine oil bottoms” (REOB) is the prevailing name used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while “vacuum tower asphalt extender” (VTAE) is the preferred name used by the manufacturers of the product. Since each name provides an important descriptor of production elements (“re-refined” and “vacuum tower”) for the specific product this specification addresses, this specification uses the term “REOB/VTAE.”  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers Trinidad lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements. The blended Trinidad lake modified asphalt shall be homogeneous as determined by appropriate sampling and testing. The penetration, flash point, thin-film oven, solubility in trichloroethylene, and ductility of the material shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The inorganic material (ash), quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures, recovery of asphalt from solution by Abson method, and kinematic viscosity of asphalt shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Trinidad Lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:    
40–55  
60–75  
80–100  
120–150  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. The asphalt cement used to prepare the chemically modified asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods. Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the cement: penetration, viscosity, flash point using Cleveland open cup, solubility in trichloroethylene, softening point, residue from thin-film oven test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. It was developed to provide a reference for specifying chemically modified asphalt cement and reflects the properties of currently available commercial products. The tests are intended to measure degree of modification, not performance characteristics. This is not intended to be a performance-based specification.  
1.2 Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements. The cutback asphalt shall not foam when heated to application temperature and shall conform to the requirements prescribed for the following: (1) kinematic viscosity, (2) flash point, (3) distillate content, (4) amount of residue from distillation, (5) properties of residue from distillation such as viscosity, ductility, and solubility in trichloroethylene, and (6) water content. The properties enumerated shall be determined by the specified test methods including tag open-cup flash point, distillation, and penetration tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Asphalts change in volume with change in temperature. They are loaded or transferred at widely varying temperatures. Volume correction factors are used to adjust bulk volumes measured at those temperatures to corresponding volumes at a base temperature of 15 °C or [60 °F] for the purposes of custody transfer and accounting operations.  
3.2 Correction factors as provided in this practice have proven to be sufficiently accurate for the intended purposes.  
3.3 Coefficients of expansion used for development of data in this practice are as follows:    
Table  
Column A  
Column B  
1  
0.00035  
0.00040  
2  
0.00063  
0.00072
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of volume correction factors which may be used to convert volumes of asphalt measured at different temperatures to a volume at a standard base temperature. These tables are applicable to all types of asphalts except emulsified asphalts.  
1.2 This practice provides tables to convert asphalt volumes to 15 °C [60 °F] from volumes measured at any temperature from −25 to +275 °C [0 to 500 °F].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: Correction factors in Table 1 and Table 2 are for use in place of correction factors provided in Guide D1250, which do not address requirements for asphalt specifications.2  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the slow-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties, sampling, and testing of asphalt suitable for undersealing Portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs. The asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the following requirements when examined under suitable testing methods: softening point; flash point; penetration at specified temperatures; ductility; heat loss; and solubility of bitumen in trichloroethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt suitable for undersealing portland-cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines various types of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition, it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.  
4.2 This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Recycling of deteriorated asphalt pavements is being used with increasing frequency for its economy and benefit of conserving raw materials. The objective of recycling is to reuse the two ingredients of asphalt concrete-aggregate and asphalt binder and to restore the desired properties to the mixture. Recycling is carried out hot or cold, depending on the condition of the deteriorated pavement, construction procedure, availability of equipment, and cost. This classification is for classifying recycling agents to be used in recycled asphalt mixtures.  
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a standardized method whereby recycling agents to be used in hot recycling of asphalt concrete can be classified. The recycling agents are classified by viscosity in mm2/s measured at 60 °C [140 °F]. This classification does not apply to emulsified recycling agents.  
1.2 This standard does not address the performance of asphalt binder blends with recycling agents, or that of hot-mix asphalt mixture containing recycling agents. Adherence of a recycling agent to this specification does not necessarily relate to the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures containing the recycling agents.
Note 1: The impact of recycling agents has been evaluated by extracting the asphalt binder from the pavement to be recycled, and combining with the recycling agent to meet the appropriate grade within Specification D946/D946M or Table 1, 2, or 3 of Specification D3381/D3381M. More recently, some specifications have referred to performance grading as described in Specification D6373 or D8239.
Note 2: Efforts are underway to utilize performance-based testing of the asphalt mixture containing recycling agents as a measure of compliance.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for asphalt cement proposed for use in the construction of pavements. This specification shall include the following penetration grades: 40-50, 60-70, 85-100, 120-150, and 200-300. The cements shall be manufactured by refining crude petroleum through suitable methods. The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to application temperature. Requirements such as ductility, flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, and penetration shall be determined in accordance with ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt binder for use in the construction of pavements.
Note 1: For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:    
40–50,  
120–150, and  
60–70,  
200–300  
85–100,  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the medium-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pounds are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three sets of physical requirement limits for asphalt cements graded by viscosity at a specified temperature for use in pavement construction. The purchaser shall indicate the applicable table of limits. The cements shall be prepared from crude petroleum by suitable methods, and if needed, volume corrections should be made as well. The properties for which the materials shall be tested on and should conform to are water content, viscosity, penetration, Cleveland open cup flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, ductility, and behavior during thin-film oven and rolling thin-film oven tests on residue.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C [140 °F] for use in pavement construction. Four sets of limits are offered in this specification. The purchaser shall specify the applicable table of limits. In the event the purchaser does not specify limits, Table 1 shall apply. For asphalt binders graded by penetration at 25 °C [77 °F], see Specification D946/D946M. If needed, volume corrections for asphalt binders should be made according to Practice D4311/D4311M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers Trinidad lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements. The blended Trinidad lake modified asphalt shall be homogeneous as determined by appropriate sampling and testing. The penetration, flash point, thin-film oven, solubility in trichloroethylene, and ductility of the material shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The inorganic material (ash), quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures, recovery of asphalt from solution by Abson method, and kinematic viscosity of asphalt shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Trinidad Lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:    
40–55  
60–75  
80–100  
120–150  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind calculated maximum pavement design temperature, the minimum pavement design temperature, and the traffic loading.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed June 10, 2020.  
1.2 This specification incorporates Test Method D7405 for determining non-recoverable creep compliance, Jnr. “S,” “H,” “V,” or “E” designations must be specified for standard, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy traffic loading, respectively.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 2: A guidance document for specifying bodies using R % for elastic properties is under development.
Note 3: For asphalt binders graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.
Note 4: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind calculated maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Tables 1 and 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed June 10, 2020.
Note 2: For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M.
Note 3: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standards for graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading is related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, the intermediate pavement design temperature, and the minimum pavement design temperature. The Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binder shall be prepared by adding the Trinidad Lake asphalt modifier to base asphalt produced from the refining of petroleum crude. The base asphalt binder shall be homogenous, and free from water or any deleterious materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance-graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, °C, the intermediate pavement design temperature, °C, and minimum pavement design temperature, °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind calculated maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Tables 1 and 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed June 10, 2020.
Note 2: For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M.
Note 3: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind calculated maximum pavement design temperature, the minimum pavement design temperature, and the traffic loading.
Note 1: For more information on LTPPBind online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed June 10, 2020.  
1.2 This specification incorporates Test Method D7405 for determining non-recoverable creep compliance, Jnr. “S,” “H,” “V,” or “E” designations must be specified for standard, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy traffic loading, respectively.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 2: A guidance document for specifying bodies using R % for elastic properties is under development.
Note 3: For asphalt binders graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.
Note 4: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of paving grade asphalt cements, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use. Tests shall be performed to conform with the physical requirements of the asphalt-rubber binder, in accordance with the following test methods: apparent viscosity; modified test method; penetration; softening point; resilience; flash point; thin-film oven test residue; and penetration retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of asphalt binder, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber, and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt binder sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portions only, Sections 4 and 5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.3.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind calculated maximum pavement design temperature, the minimum pavement design temperature, and the traffic loading.  
1.2 This specification incorporates Test Method D7405 for determining non-recoverable creep compliance, Jnr. “S,” “H,” “V,” or “E” designations must be specified for standard, high, very high, and extremely high traffic loading, respectively.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
Note 1: A guidance document for specifying bodies using R % for elastic properties is under development.
Note 2: For asphalt binders graded by penetration at 25 °C, see Specification D946/D946M. For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60 °C, see Specification D3381/D3381M. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.
Note 3: AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the material, manufacturing, and physical requirements for re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. ”Re-refined engine oil bottoms” (REOB) is the commonly used term used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while ”vacuum tower asphalt extender” (VTAE) is preferred by manufacturers. REOB/VTAE may be obtained by processing used engine oil using atmospheric distillation followed by vacuum distillation to produce a vacuum residuum meeting the requirements outlined in this specification. The REOB/VTAE shall be homogenous, free from water, and not foam when heated to 232°C (450°F).
This specification also covers the methods of sampling and testing for REOB/VTAE.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. This specification has been developed specifically for these two categories of product and is not intended for other uses. Table 1 is to be used for pavement construction and Table 2 for roofing. “Re-refined engine oil bottoms” (REOB) is the prevailing name used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while “vacuum tower asphalt extender” (VTAE) is the preferred name used by the manufacturers of the product. Since each name provides an important descriptor of production elements (“re-refined” and “vacuum tower”) for the specific product this specification addresses, this specification uses the term “REOB/VTAE.”  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of paving grade asphalt cements, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use. Tests shall be performed to conform with the physical requirements of the asphalt-rubber binder, in accordance with the following test methods: apparent viscosity; modified test method; penetration; softening point; resilience; flash point; thin-film oven test residue; and penetration retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of paving grade asphalt cements, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction. The rubber shall be blended and interacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles prior to use.
Note 1—It has been found that at least 15 % rubber by weight of the total blend is usually necessary to provide acceptable properties of asphalt-rubber.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portions only, Sections 4 and 5 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.3.2.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covered asphalt-rubber binder, consisting of a blend of paving grade asphalt cements, ground recycled tire (that is, vulcanized) rubber and other additives, as needed, for use as binder in pavement construction.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials, this specification was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice defines various types of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition, it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.  
4.2 This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. This specification has been developed specifically for these two categories of product and is not intended for other uses. Table 1 is to be used for pavement construction and Table 2 for roofing. “Re-refined engine oil bottoms” (REOB) is the prevailing name used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while “vacuum tower asphalt extender” (VTAE) is the preferred name used by the manufacturers of the product. Since each name provides an important descriptor of production elements (“re-refined” and “vacuum tower”) for the specific product this specification addresses, this specification uses the term “REOB/VTAE.”  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Recycling of deteriorated asphalt pavements is being used with increasing frequency for its economy and benefit of conserving raw materials. The objective of recycling is to reuse the two ingredients of asphalt concrete-aggregate and asphalt binder and to restore the desired properties to the mixture. Recycling is carried out hot or cold, depending on the condition of the deteriorated pavement, construction procedure, availability of equipment, and cost. This practice is for classifying recycling agents to be used in hot recycling.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized method whereby petroleum product additives to be used in hot recycling of asphalt concrete can be identified. The products are classified by viscosity in mm2/s measured at 60 °C [140 °F]. This practice does not apply to emulsified materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Table 1 and Table 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1. (A) Pavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.(B) The referee method shall be D4402 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however alternate methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binder is too stiff to test with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size and shear rate shall be reported. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards.(C) For quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the viscosity of the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear measurements of G*/sinδ at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. Any suitable standard means of viscosity measurement may be used, including capillary viscometry (Test Methods D2170 or D2171) or rotational viscometry.(D) The PAV aging temperature is based on simulated climatic conditions and is one of three temperatures 90°C, 100°C or 110°C. Normally the PAV aging temperature is 100°C for PG 58–xx and above. However, in desert climates, the PAV aging temperature for PG 70–xx and above may be specified as 110°C(E) If the creep stiffness is below 300 MPa, the direct tension test is not required. If the creep stiffness is between 300 and 600 MPa the direct tension failure strain requirement can be used in lieu of the creep stiffness requirement. The m-value requirement must be satisfied in both cases. If the creep stiffness and m-value data are unobtainable because the binder is too soft at the test temperature, the asphalt binder will be deemed to pass at that grade temperature if it meets the creep stiffness and m-value requirements at the test temperature minus 6°C.  (A) Pavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.(B) The referee method shall be D4402 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however alternate methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binder is too stiff to test with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size and shear rate shall be reported. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards.(C) For quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the viscosity of the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear measurements of G*/sinδ at test temperatures where th...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for asphalt cement proposed for use in the construction of pavements. This specification shall include the following penetration grades: 40-50, 60-70, 85-100, 120-150, and 200-300. The cements shall be manufactured by refining crude petroleum through suitable methods. The asphalt cement shall be homogeneous and shall not foam when heated to application temperature. Requirements such as ductility, flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, and penetration shall be determined in accordance with ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt binder for use in the construction of pavements.
Note 1: For asphalt binders graded by viscosity at 60°C, see Specification D3381. For performance-graded asphalt binder, see Specification D6373.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:    
40–50,  
120–150, and    
60–70,  
200–300.  
85–100,  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standards for graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading is related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, the intermediate pavement design temperature, and the minimum pavement design temperature. The Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binder shall be prepared by adding the Trinidad Lake asphalt modifier to base asphalt produced from the refining of petroleum crude. The base asphalt binder shall be homogenous, and free from water or any deleterious materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, °C, the intermediate pavement design temperature, °C, and minimum pavement design temperature, °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers Trinidad lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements. The blended Trinidad lake modified asphalt shall be homogeneous as determined by appropriate sampling and testing. The penetration, flash point, thin-film oven, solubility in trichloroethylene, and ductility of the material shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The inorganic material (ash), quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures, recovery of asphalt from solution by Abson method, and kinematic viscosity of asphalt shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements. The cutback asphalt shall not foam when heated to application temperature and shall conform to the requirements prescribed for the following: (1) kinematic viscosity, (2) flash point, (3) distillate content, (4) amount of residue from distillation, (5) properties of residue from distillation such as viscosity, ductility, and solubility in trichloroethylene, and (6) water content. The properties enumerated shall be determined by the specified test methods including tag open-cup flash point, distillation, and penetration tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Asphalts change in volume with change in temperature. They are loaded or transferred at widely varying temperatures. Volume correction factors are used to adjust bulk volumes measured at those temperatures to corresponding volumes at a base temperature of 15°C or [60°F] for the purposes of custody transfer and accounting operations.  
3.2 Correction factors as provided in this practice have proven to be sufficiently accurate for the intended purposes.  
3.3 Coefficients of expansion used for development of data in this practice are as follows:    
Table  
Column A  
Column B  
1  
0.00035  
0.00040  
2  
0.00063  
0.00072
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides tables of volume correction factors which may be used to convert volumes of asphalt measured at different temperatures to a volume at a standard base temperature. These tables are applicable to all types of asphalts except emulsified asphalts.  
1.2 This practice provides tables to convert asphalt volumes to 15°C [60°F] from volumes measured at any temperature from −25 to +275°C [0 to 500°F].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Correction factors in Table 1 and Table 2 are for use in place of correction factors provided in Guide D1250, which do not address requirements for asphalt specifications.2 (A) Use column A factors for asphalts with density at 15°C of 966 kg/m3 or higher.(B) Use column B factors for asphalts with density at 15°C of 850 to 965 kg/m3.  (A) Use column A factors for asphalts with API gravity at [60°F] of 14.9° or less with a specific gravity [60/60°F] of 0.967 or higher.(B) Use column B factors for asphalts with API gravity at [60°F] from 15.0° to 34.9° or with a specific gravity [60/60°F] from 0.850 to 0.966.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties, sampling, and testing of asphalt suitable for undersealing Portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs. The asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the following requirements when examined under suitable testing methods: softening point; flash point; penetration at specified temperatures; ductility; heat loss; and solubility of bitumen in trichloroethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt suitable for undersealing portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Table 1 and Table 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1. (A) Pavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.(B) The referee method shall be D4402 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however alternate methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binder is too stiff to test with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size and shear rate shall be reported. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards.(C) For quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the viscosity of the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear measurements of G*/sinδ at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. Any suitable standard means of viscosity measurement may be used, including capillary viscometry (Test Methods D2170 or D2171) or rotational viscometry.(D) The PAV aging temperature is based on simulated climatic conditions and is one of three temperatures 90°C, 100°C or 110°C. Normally the PAV aging temperature is 100°C for PG 58–xx and above. However, in desert climates, the PAV aging temperature for PG 70–xx and above may be specified as 110°C(E) If the creep stiffness is below 300 MPa, the direct tension test is not required. If the creep stiffness is between 300 and 600 MPa the direct tension failure strain requirement can be used in lieu of the creep stiffness requirement. The m-value requirement must be satisfied in both cases. If the creep stiffness and m-value data are unobtainable because the binder is too soft at the test temperature, the asphalt binder will be deemed to pass at that grade temperature if it meets the creep stiffness and m-value requirements at the test temperature minus 6°C.  (A) Pavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind software program, or are provided by the specifying agency.(B) The referee method shall be D4402 using a #21 spindle at 20RPM, however alternate methods may be used for routine testing and quality assurance. If the binder is too stiff to test with the No. 21 Spindle, the No. 27 spindle shall be used. The spindle size and shear rate shall be reported. This requirement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards.(C) For quality control of unmodified asphalt cement production, measurement of the viscosity of the original asphalt cement may be substituted for dynamic shear measurements of G*/sinδ at test temperatures where th...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. The asphalt cement used to prepare the chemically modified asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods. Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the cement: penetration, viscosity, flash point using Cleveland open cup, solubility in trichloroethylene, softening point, residue from thin-film oven test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. It was developed to provide a reference for specifying chemically modified asphalt cement and reflects the properties of currently available commercial products. The tests are intended to measure degree of modification not performance characteristics. This is not intended to be a performance–based specification.  
1.2 Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 5, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the slow-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties, sampling, and testing of asphalt suitable for undersealing Portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs. The asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the following requirements when examined under suitable testing methods: softening point; flash point; penetration at specified temperatures; ductility; heat loss; and solubility of bitumen in trichloroethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt suitable for undersealing portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. The asphalt cement used to prepare the chemically modified asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods. Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the cement: penetration, viscosity, flash point using Cleveland open cup, solubility in trichloroethylene, softening point, residue from thin-film oven test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. It was developed to provide a reference for specifying chemically modified asphalt cement and reflects the properties of currently available commercial products. The tests are intended to measure degree of modification not performance characteristics. This is not intended to be a performance–based specification.  
1.2 Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 5, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the medium-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pounds are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three sets of physical requirement limits for asphalt cements graded by viscosity at a specified temperature for use in pavement construction. The purchaser shall indicate the applicable table of limits. The cements shall be prepared from crude petroleum by suitable methods, and if needed, volume corrections should be made as well. The properties for which the materials shall be tested on and should conform to are water content, viscosity, penetration, Cleveland open cup flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, ductility, and behavior during thin-film oven and rolling thin-film oven tests on residue.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60°C [140°F] for use in pavement construction. Four sets of limits are offered in this specification. The purchaser shall specify the applicable table of limits. In the event the purchaser does not specify limits, Table 1 shall apply. For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25°C [77°F]. See Specification D946. If needed, volume corrections for asphalt cements should be made according to Practice D4311.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers, which may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition, and that is dissolved, dispersed or reacted in asphalt cement to enhance its performance. This specification incorporates an aid for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of test procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, and minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Table 1 and Table 2. Table 2 incorporates Practice D6816 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of Test Method D6648 and Test Method D6723 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.Note 1—For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25°C, see Specification D946. For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60°C see Specification D3381.Note 2—AASHTO R 29 provides non-mandatory information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Trinidad lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements.  
1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:
40–55  
60–75  
80–100  
120–150
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three sets of physical requirement limits for asphalt cements graded by viscosity at a specified temperature for use in pavement construction. The purchaser shall indicate the applicable table of limits. The cements shall be prepared from crude petroleum by suitable methods, and if needed, volume corrections should be made as well. The properties for which the materials shall be tested on and should conform to are water content, viscosity, penetration, Cleveland open cup flash point, solubility in trichloroethylene, ductility, and behavior during thin-film oven and rolling thin-film oven tests on residue.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60°C [140°F] for use in pavement construction. Three sets of limits are offered in this specification. The purchaser shall specify the applicable table of limits. In the event the purchaser does not specify limits, Table 1 shall apply. For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25°C [77°F]. See Specification D946. If needed, volume corrections for asphalt cements should be made according to Practice D4311.TABLE 1 Requirements for Asphalt Cement, Viscosity Graded at 60°C [140°F]Note 1—Grading based on original asphalt.    
Test  
Viscosity Grade  
AC-2.5  
AC-5  
AC-10  
AC-20  
AC-30  
AC-40  
Viscosity, 60°C [140°F], Pa·s  
25 ± 5  
50 ± 10  
100 ± 20  
200 ± 40  
300 ± 60  
400 ± 80  
Viscosity, 135°C [275°F], min, mm2/s  
80  
110  
150  
210  
250  
300  
Penetration, 25°C [77°F], 100 g, 5 s, min  
200  
120  
70  
40  
30  
20  
Flash point, Cleveland open cup, min,°C [°F]  
165 [325]  
175 [350]  
220 [425]  
230 [450]  
230 [450]  
230 [450]    
Solubility in trichloroethylene, min, %  
99.0  
99.0  
99.0  
99.0  
99.0  
99.0  
Tests on residue from thin-film oven test:  
Viscosity, 60°C [140°F], max, Pa·s  
125  
250  
500  
1000  
1500  
2000  
Ductility, 25°C [77°F], 5 cm/min, min, cm  
100A  
100  
50  
20  
15  
10 A If ductility is less than 100, material will be accepted if ductility at 15°C [60°F] is 100 minimum at a pull rate of 5 cm/min.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice defines various types of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition, it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.
This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationale by which the user may judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Recycling of deteriorated asphalt pavements is being used with increasing frequency for its economy and benefit of conserving raw materials. The objective of recycling is to reuse the two ingredients of asphalt concrete-aggregate and asphalt and to restore the desired properties to the mixture. Recycling is carried out hot or cold, depending on the condition of the deteriorated pavement, construction procedure, availability of equipment, and cost. This practice is for classifying recycling agents to be used in hot recycling.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standardized method whereby petroleum product additives to be used in hot recycling of asphalt concrete can be identified. The products are classified by viscosity in mm2/s measured at 60°C [140°F]. This practice does not apply to emulsified materials.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements. The cutback asphalt shall not foam when heated to application temperature and shall conform to the requirements prescribed for the following: (1) kinematic viscosity, (2) flash point, (3) distillate content, (4) amount of residue from distillation, (5) properties of residue from distillation such as viscosity, ductility, and solubility in trichloroethylene, and (6) water content. The properties enumerated shall be determined by the specified test methods including tag open-cup flash point, distillation, and penetration tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the medium-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pounds are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.