ASTM D2399-12(2017)e1

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Designation: D2399 − 12 D2399 − 12 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Selection of Cutback Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 1 was updated editorially in October 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving and
allied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes
and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)
D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)
D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bitumen-aggregate applications—the spraying of liquid bitumen on prepared aggregate or pavement surfaces, which
subsequently are covered with graded aggregate.
3.1.2 bitumen-aggregate mixture—a combination of bituminous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by mechanical
and thermal means, spread on the job-site, job site, and compacted.
3.1.3 bitumen applications—the uses of sprayed bituminous coatings not involving the use of aggregates. Uses of liquid bitumen
in this group are all classed as treatments. (See surface treatments.)
3.1.4 cold-laid plant mix—a mixture of liquid bitumen and mineral aggregate prepared in a central bituminous mixing plant and
spread and compacted at the job-site job site when the mixture is at or near ambient temperature.
3.1.5 dense-graded aggregate—aggregate that is graded from the maximum size down to filler with the object of obtaining a
bituminous mix with a controlled void content and high stability.
3.1.6 dust binder—a light application of bituminous material for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on Asphalt
Specifications.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012Oct. 1, 2017. Published July 2012October 2017. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
D2399 – 83 (2005).D2399 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D2399-12.10.1520/D2399-12R17E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2399 − 12 (2017)
3.1.7 mixed-in-place (road mix)—a bituminous course produced by mixing mineral aggregate and liquid bitumen at the job-site
job site by means of travel plants, motor graders, drags, or special road-mixing equipment. Pavement base and surfaces, mixed in
place, may utilize open-graded aggregates (3.1.10), dense-graded aggregates (3.1.5), sand (3.1.15), or sandy soil (3.1.17).
3.1.8 mulch treatment—a spray application of bituminous material used to temporarily stabilize a recently seeded area. The
bitumen can also be applied to straw or hay mulch as a tie-down.
3.1.9 multiple surface treatment—two or more surface treatments placed one on the other. The maximum aggregate size of each
successive treatment is usually one half one-half that of the previous one, and the total thickness is about the same as the nominal
maximum size aggregate particles of the first course.
3.1.10 open-graded aggregate—one containing little or no mineral filler and in which the void spaces in the compacted
aggregate are relatively large.
3.1.11 patch mix—a mixture of bituminous material and mineral aggregate for patching holes, depressions, and distressed areas
in existing pavements. These mixes are suitable for use in relatively small areas, applied at ambient temperature using hand-laying
and hand-compaction techniques. These mixes may be designed for immediate use or for stock-pilingstockpiling for a period of
time prior to use.
3.1.12 pavement base and surfaces—the lower or underlying pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and the top or
wearing course. Cold-laid mixtures that are bound together with liquid bitumens use either open or dense aggregate gradations.
3.1.13 penetration macadam—a pavement construction using essentially one-size coarse aggregate, which is penetrated in place
by a heavy application of high-viscosity bituminous material. This application is followed by an application of a smaller size coarse
aggregate (to reduce the void space) then is rolled thoroughly. This procedure is usually followed another time with a still smaller
coarse aggregate and roller compaction.
3.1.14 prime coat—an application of a low-viscosity bituminous material to an absorptive surface, designed to penetrate, bond,
and stabilize the existing surface and to promote adhesion between it and the construction course that follows.
3.1.15 sand—a clean, mineral aggregate material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, but only about 5 % passing the No. 200
(75-μm) sieve.
3.1.16 sand seal—a thin layer of spray-applied bitumen uniformly covered with sand (see 3.1.15), which waterproofs and
improves the texture of a pavement surface.
3.1.17 sandy soil—a material consisting essentially of fine aggregate particles smaller than No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve and usually
containing up to 20 % passin
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