SIST ISO 3534-3:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 3534-3:2003
6WDWLVWLND6ORYDULQVLPEROLGHO1DþUWRYDQMHSRVNXVRY
Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 3: Design of experiments
Statistique - Vocabulaire et symboles - Partie 3: Plans d'expériences
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 3534-3:2013
ICS:
01.040.03 Storitve. Organizacija Services. Company
podjetja, vodenje in kakovost. organization, management
Uprava. Transport. and quality. Administration.
Sociologija. (Slovarji) Transport. Sociology.
(Vocabularies)
03.120.30 8SRUDEDVWDWLVWLþQLKPHWRG Application of statistical
methods
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3534-3
NORME
Third edition
Troisième édition
INTERNATIONALE
2013-04-15
Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols —
Part 3:
Design of experiments
Statistique — Vocabulaire et symboles —
Partie 3:
Plans d'expériences
Reference number
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2013
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2013
The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction
booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are:
that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications
offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document.
With the sole exceptions noted above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
La reproduction des termes et des définitions contenus dans la présente Norme internationale est autorisée dans les manuels
d'enseignement, les modes d'emploi, les publications et revues techniques destinés exclusivement à l'enseignement ou à la mise en
application. Les conditions d'une telle reproduction sont les suivantes: aucune modification n'est apportée aux termes et définitions; la
reproduction n'est pas autorisée dans des dictionnaires ou publications similaires destinés à la vente; la présente Norme internationale
est citée comme document source.
À la seule exception mentionnée ci-dessus, Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur l’internet ou
sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au
comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland/Publié en Suisse

ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions.2
3.1 General terms.2
3.2 Arrangements of experiments.25
3.3 Methods of analysis .54
Annex A (informative) Concept diagrams .66
Annex B (informative) Methodology used to develop the vocabulary .82
Annex C (informative) Experimental design checklists.85
Annex D (informative) Experimental design from the system model perspective.88
Bibliography.93
Alphabetical index.94

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. vi
Introduction . viii
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
3.1 Termes généraux . 2
3.2 Dispositifs expérimentaux . 25
3.3 Méthodes d'analyse . 54
Annexe A (informative) Schémas conceptuels . 66
Annexe B (informative) Méthodologie utilisée pour élaborer le vocabulaire. 82
Annexe C (informative) Listes de contrôle d'un plan expérimental . 85
Annexe D (informative) Plan d'expériences du point de vue du modèle de système. 88
Bibliographie . 93
Index alphabétique . 96

iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3534-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,
Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3534-3:1999), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 3534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols:
— Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability
— Part 2: Applied statistics
— Part 3: Design of experiments
— Part 4: Survey sampling
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 3534-3 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 69, Application des méthodes statistiques,
sous-comité SC 1, Terminologie et symboles.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 3534-3:1999), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
L'ISO 3534 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Statistique — Vocabulaire et
symboles:
— Partie 1: Termes statistiques généraux et termes utilisés en calcul des probabilités
— Partie 2: Statistique appliquée
— Partie 3: Plans d'expériences
— Partie 4: Échantillonnage pour sondages
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Design of experiments (DOE) catalyses innovation, problem solving and discovery. DOE comprises a strategy
and a body of methods that are instrumental in achieving quality improvement in products, services and
processes. Although statistical quality control, management resolve, inspection and other quality tools also
serve this goal, experimental design represents the methodology of choice in complex, variable and
interactive settings. Historically, design of experiments has evolved and thrived in the agricultural area.
Medicine has also enjoyed a long history of careful experimental design. Industrial settings particularly benefit
from the methodology — due to the ease of initiating efforts (user-friendly software packages), improved
training, influential advocates, and accumulating successes with experimental design.
Design of experiments is fundamental to continuous improvement and product development. Experimentation
often evolves sequentially with improvements taking place following each stage of the learning process. If the
objective is to optimize a response, then response surface designs (3.2.19) play a critical role. Multiple
levels of factors recognized to be important are considered to accommodate neatly curvilinear effects, for
example in the vicinity of the optimum settings.
Factorial experiments (3.2.1) and fractional factorial experiments (3.2.3) provide a methodology for
studying the interrelationships among multiple factors of interest to the experimenter. These types of
experiments can be far more resource efficient and effective than intuitive one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
Factorial experiments are particularly well-suited for determining that a factor behaves differently (as reflected
in the experimental response) at different levels of other factors. Frequently, the “breakthrough” in quality
comes from the synergism revealed in a study of “interactions” (3.1.17). If the number of factors under
consideration is large, then factorial experiments could exceed resources. However, fractional factorial
experiments offer a possible compromise. Actually, if the initial goal is to identify factors warranting further
investigation, then screening designs (3.2.8) can be useful.
In planning an experiment, it is necessary to limit biases introduced by the experimental conditions or in the
assignment of treatments to experimental units. Topics such as “randomization” (3.1.30) and “blocking”
(3.1.26) deal with minimizing the effects of nuisance or extraneous elements. Specific blocking strategies
inclu
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3534-3
NORME
Third edition
Troisième édition
INTERNATIONALE
2013-04-15
Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols —
Part 3:
Design of experiments
Statistique — Vocabulaire et symboles —
Partie 3:
Plans d'expériences
Reference number
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2013
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2013
The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction
booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are:
that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications
offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document.
With the sole exceptions noted above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission
can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
La reproduction des termes et des définitions contenus dans la présente Norme internationale est autorisée dans les manuels
d'enseignement, les modes d'emploi, les publications et revues techniques destinés exclusivement à l'enseignement ou à la mise en
application. Les conditions d'une telle reproduction sont les suivantes: aucune modification n'est apportée aux termes et définitions; la
reproduction n'est pas autorisée dans des dictionnaires ou publications similaires destinés à la vente; la présente Norme internationale
est citée comme document source.
À la seule exception mentionnée ci-dessus, Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur l’internet ou
sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au
comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland/Publié en Suisse

ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions.2
3.1 General terms.2
3.2 Arrangements of experiments.25
3.3 Methods of analysis .54
Annex A (informative) Concept diagrams .66
Annex B (informative) Methodology used to develop the vocabulary .82
Annex C (informative) Experimental design checklists.85
Annex D (informative) Experimental design from the system model perspective.88
Bibliography.93
Alphabetical index.94

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. vi
Introduction . viii
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
3.1 Termes généraux . 2
3.2 Dispositifs expérimentaux . 25
3.3 Méthodes d'analyse . 54
Annexe A (informative) Schémas conceptuels . 66
Annexe B (informative) Méthodologie utilisée pour élaborer le vocabulaire. 82
Annexe C (informative) Listes de contrôle d'un plan expérimental . 85
Annexe D (informative) Plan d'expériences du point de vue du modèle de système. 88
Bibliographie . 93
Index alphabétique . 96

iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3534-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,
Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3534-3:1999), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 3534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols:
— Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability
— Part 2: Applied statistics
— Part 3: Design of experiments
— Part 4: Survey sampling
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 3534-3 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 69, Application des méthodes statistiques,
sous-comité SC 1, Terminologie et symboles.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 3534-3:1999), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
L'ISO 3534 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Statistique — Vocabulaire et
symboles:
— Partie 1: Termes statistiques généraux et termes utilisés en calcul des probabilités
— Partie 2: Statistique appliquée
— Partie 3: Plans d'expériences
— Partie 4: Échantillonnage pour sondages
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Design of experiments (DOE) catalyses innovation, problem solving and discovery. DOE comprises a strategy
and a body of methods that are instrumental in achieving quality improvement in products, services and
processes. Although statistical quality control, management resolve, inspection and other quality tools also
serve this goal, experimental design represents the methodology of choice in complex, variable and
interactive settings. Historically, design of experiments has evolved and thrived in the agricultural area.
Medicine has also enjoyed a long history of careful experimental design. Industrial settings particularly benefit
from the methodology — due to the ease of initiating efforts (user-friendly software packages), improved
training, influential advocates, and accumulating successes with experimental design.
Design of experiments is fundamental to continuous improvement and product development. Experimentation
often evolves sequentially with improvements taking place following each stage of the learning process. If the
objective is to optimize a response, then response surface designs (3.2.19) play a critical role. Multiple
levels of factors recognized to be important are considered to accommodate neatly curvilinear effects, for
example in the vicinity of the optimum settings.
Factorial experiments (3.2.1) and fractional factorial experiments (3.2.3) provide a methodology for
studying the interrelationships among multiple factors of interest to the experimenter. These types of
experiments can be far more resource efficient and effective than intuitive one-factor-at-a-time experiments.
Factorial experiments are particularly well-suited for determining that a factor behaves differently (as reflected
in the experimental response) at different levels of other factors. Frequently, the “breakthrough” in quality
comes from the synergism revealed in a study of “interactions” (3.1.17). If the number of factors under
consideration is large, then factorial experiments could exceed resources. However, fractional factorial
experiments offer a possible compromise. Actually, if the initial goal is to identify factors warranting further
investigation, then screening designs (3.2.8) can be useful.
In planning an experiment, it is necessary to limit biases introduced by the experimental conditions or in the
assignment of treatments to experimental units. Topics such as “randomization” (3.1.30) and “blocking”
(3.1.26) deal with minimizing the effects of nuisance or extraneous elements. Specific blocking strategies
include randomized block designs (3.2.10), Latin square designs (3.2.11) and variants, and balanced
incomplete block designs (3.2.14).
Designs for experiments with mixtures [mixture designs (3.2.20)] apply in situations where factors constitute
proportions of a total, such as ingredients in an alloy. Nested designs (3.2.21) are particularly useful in inter-
laboratory testing and in measurement system analyses.
Methods of analysis of the collected data are straightforward, if the experiment has been carried out according
to the plan. Graphical methods (3.3.1) can be particularly effective in revealing overall conclusions.
Estimation of parameters from a model is commonly handled using regression analysis (3.3.7). Regression
analysis methods can also handle difficulties with missing data, identification of outliers, and other problems.
Annex A provides associated Concept Diagrams that relate the various terms. To assist users of this part of
ISO 3534, an explanation of Concept Diagrams is provided in Annex B.
Design of experiments consists of a complex p
...