EN 55016-2-3:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2007
Specifikacija merilnih naprav in metod za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti -
2-3. del: Metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti - Merjenje sevanih
motenj (CISPR 16-2-3:2006)
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods --
Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance
measurements
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur
Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -- Teil
2-3: Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und
Störfestigkeit - Messung der gestrahlten Störaussendung
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques -- Partie 2-3:
Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité - Mesures des perturbations
rayonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-2-3:2006
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 55016-2-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 Supersedes EN 55016-2-3:2004 + A1:2005 + A2:2005

English version
Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity -
Radiated disturbance measurements
(CISPR 16-2-3:2006)
Spécifications des méthodes  Anforderungen an Geräte
et des appareils de mesure und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung
des perturbations radioélectriques der Verfahren zur Messung
et de l'immunité aux perturbations der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
radioélectriques (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit
Partie 2-3: Méthodes de mesure Teil 2-3: Verfahren zur Messung
des perturbations et de l'immunité - der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
Mesures des perturbations rayonnées (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
(CISPR 16-2-3:2006) Messung der gestrahlten Störaussendung
(CISPR 16-2-3:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 55016-2-3:2006 E
Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/657/FDIS, future edition 2 of CISPR 16-2-3, prepared by CISPR SC A,
Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-2-3 on 2006-11-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 55016-2-3:2004 + A1:2005 + A2:2005.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2007-08-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2009-11-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-2-3:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 55016-2-3:2006
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

CISPR 13 (mod) 2001 Sound and television broadcast receivers EN 55013 2001
and associated equipment - Radio
disturbance characteristics - Limits and
methods of measurement
CISPR 14-1 2005 Electromagnetic compatibility - EN 55014-1 2006
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus

CISPR 16-1-2 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-2 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment -
Conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-1-4 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-4 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment -
Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-1-5 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-5 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration
test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

CISPR 16-2-1 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-2-1 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of
disturbances and immunity - Conducted
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-2 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-2-2 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of
disturbances and immunity - Measurement of
disturbance power
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
CISPR 16-2-4 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-2-4 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 2-4: Methods of measurement of
disturbances and immunity - Immunity
measurements
CISPR 16-3 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and - -
A1 2005 immunity measuring apparatus and methods - -
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR 16-4-1 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit
modeling - Uncertainties in standardized EMC
tests
CISPR 16-4-2 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-4-2 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit
modelling - Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
CISPR 16-4-3 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods
Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit
modelling - Statistical considerations in the
determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products
1) 2)
IEC 61000-4-3 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-4-3 2006
Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test

1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.

COMMISSION
CISPR
ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE
16-2-3
INTERNATIONALE
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
ELECTROTECHNICAL
Second edition
2006-07
COMMISSION
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils
de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et
de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-3:
Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de
l'immunité – Mesures des perturbations rayonnées

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 2-3:
Methods of measurement of disturbances and
immunity – Radiated disturbance measurements

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CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.9

1 Scope.13
2 Normative references .13
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 Types of disturbance to be measured .21
5 Connection of measuring equipment.23
6 General measurement requirements and conditions .25
7 Measurement of radiated disturbances .41
8 Automated measurement of emissions .123

Annex A (informative) Measurement of disturbances in the presence of ambient emissions135
Annex B (informative) Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers (see clause 6) .163
Annex C (informative) Example of the uncertainty budget .169
Annex D  (informative)  Scan rates and measurement times for use with the average
detector .171
Annex E (informative) Explanation of APD measurement method applying to the
compliance test.179

Figure 1 – Measurement of a combination of a CW signal (“NB”) and an impulsive
signal (“BB”) using multiple sweeps with maximum hold.35
Figure 2 – Example of a timing analysis.37
Figure 3 – A broadband spectrum measured with a stepped receiver .39
Figure 4 – Intermittent narrowband disturbances measured using fast short repetitive
sweeps with maximum hold function to obtain an overview of the emission spectrum.39
Figure 5 – Concept of electric field strength measurements made on an open area test
site (OATS) with the direct and reflective rays arriving at the receiving antenna.43
Figure 6 – Typical test set-up in FAR, where a, b, c and e depend on the room
performance .51
Figure 7 – Typical test set-up for table-top equipment within the test volume of a FAR .55
Figure 8 – Typical test set-up for floor standing equipment within the test volume of a FAR .57
Figure 9 – Test set-up for tabletop equipment .71
Figure 10 – Test set-up for tabletop equipment, Top view .73
Figure 11 – Test set-up for floor-standing equipment .75
Figure 12 – Test set-up for floor-standing equipment, Top view .77
Figure 13 – Position of planes for uniform field calibration (top-view).79
Figure 14 – Measurement method above 1 GHz, receive antenna in vertical
polarization.85
Figure 15 – Illustration of height scan requirements for two different categories of EUTs .89

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 5 –
Figure 16 – Method of measurement – Substitution method (see 7.4.1 and 7.4.3).101
Figure 17 – Determination of the transition distance .115
Figure 18 – Concept of magnetic field induced current measurements made with the
loop antenna system.121
Figure A.1 – Flow diagram for the selection of bandwidths and detectors and the
estimated measurement errors due to that selection .139
Figure A.2 – Relative difference in adjacent emission amplitudes during preliminary
testing .143
Figure A.3 – Disturbance by an unmodulated signal (dotted line) .145
Figure A.4 – Disturbance by an amplitude-modulated signal (dotted line).145
Figure A.5 – Indication of an amplitude-modulated signal as a function of modulation
frequency with the QP detector in CISPR bands B, C and D .147
Figure A.6 – Indication of a pulse-modulated signal (pulse width 50 µs) as a function of
pulse repetition frequency with peak, QP and average detectors.149
Figure A.7 – Disturbance by a broadband signal (dotted line) .149
Figure A.8 – Unmodulated EUT disturbance (dotted line) .151
Figure A.9 – Amplitude-modulated EUT disturbance (dotted line).151
Figure A.10 – Increase of peak value with superposition of two unmodulated signals
(U - level of ambient emission; U - level of EUT disturbance) .157
a i
Figure A.11 – Determination of the amplitude of the disturbance signal by means of the
amplitude ratio d and the factor i.157
Figure A.12 – Increase of average indication measured with a real receiver and
calculated from equation (A.8) .159
Figure D.1 – Weighting function of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading: meter time constant
160 ms.175
Figure D.2 – Weighting functions of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading: meter time constant
100 ms.175
Figure D.3 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 160 ms .177
Figure D.4 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 100 ms .177
Figure E.1 – Example of APD measurement method 1 for fluctuating disturbances .181
Figure E.2 – Example of APD measurement method 2 for fluctuating disturbances .183

Table 1 – Minimum scan times for the three CISPR bands with peak and quasi-peak
detectors .31
Table 2 – Minimum dimension of w (w .87
min)
Table 3 – Example values of w for three antenna types .89
Table 4 – Recommended antenna heights to guarantee signal interception (for
prescan) in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.129

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 7 –
Table A.1 – Combinations of EUT disturbance and ambient emissions.137
Table A.2 – Measurement error depending on the detector type and on the combination
of ambient and disturbing signal spectra .161
Table C.1 – Uncertainty budget for emission measurements in a 3 m FAR.169
Table D.1 – Pulse suppression factors and scan rates for a 100 Hz video bandwidth .173
Table D.2 – Meter time constants and the corresponding video bandwidths and
maximum scan rates .175

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Radiated disturbance measurements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-2-3 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition of CISPR 16-2-3 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003,
amendment 1 (2005) and amendment 2 (2005).
The document CISPR/A/657/FDIS, circulated to the National Committees as amendment 3,
led to the publication of the new edition.

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 11 –
The text of this standard is based on the first edition, its amendment 1, amendment 2 and the
following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CISPR/A/657/FDIS CISPR/A/672/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 13 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Radiated disturbance measurements

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of
measurement of radiated disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 13:2001, Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Radio
disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 14-1:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR 16-1-4:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment - Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-1-5:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration and site validation
CISPR 16-2-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 15 –
CISPR 16-2-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 2-2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Measurement of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-4:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 2-4: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Immunity
measurements
CISPR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and Immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1 (2005)
CISPR 16-4-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
CISPR 16-4-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-3: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Statistical
considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of CISPR 16, the definitions of IEC 60050(161) apply, as well as
the following:
3.1
associated equipment
1) transducers (e.g. probes, networks and antennas) connected to a measuring receiver or
test generator
2) transducers (e.g. probes, networks, antennas) which are used in the signal or disturbance
transfer between an EUT and measuring equipment or a (test-) signal generator
3.2
EUT
the equipment (devices, appliances and systems) subjected to EMC (emission) compliance
tests
CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 17 –
3.3
product publication
publication specifying EMC requirements for a product or product family, taking into account
specific aspects of such a product or product family
3.4
emission limit (from a disturbing source)
the specified maximum emission level of a source of electromagnetic disturbance
[IEV 161-03-12]
3.5
ground reference
a connection that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of an EUT
and serves as reference potential
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-36.
3.6
(electromagnetic) emission
the phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source
[IEV 161-01-08]
3.7
coaxial cable
a cable containing one or more coaxial lines, typically used for a matched connection of
associated equipment to the measuring equipment or (test-)signal generator providing a
specified characteristic impedance and a specified maximum allowable cable transfer
impedance
3.8
measuring receiver
a receiver for the measurement of disturbances with different detectors
NOTE The receiver is specified according to CISPR 16-1-1.
3.9
test configuration
gives the specified measurement arrangement of the EUT in which an emission level is
measured
NOTE The emission level is measured as required by IEV 161-03-11, IEV 161-03-12, IEV 161-03-14 and IEV 161-03-15,
definitions of emission level.
3.10
weighting (quasi-peak detection)
the repetition-rate dependent conversion of the peak-detected pulse voltages to an indication
corresponding to the psychophysical annoyance of pulsive disturbances (acoustically or
visually) according to the weighting characteristics, or alternatively gives the specified manner
in which an emission level or an immunity level is evaluated
NOTE 1 The weighting characteristics are specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
NOTE 2 The emission level or immunity level is evaluated as required by IEC 60050(161) definitions of level (see
IEV 161-03-01, IEV 161-03-11 and IEV 161-03-14).

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 19 –
3.11
continuous disturbance
RF disturbance with a duration of more than 200 ms at the IF-output of a measuring receiver,
which causes a deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver in quasi-peak detection mode
which does not decrease immediately
[IEV 161-02-11, modified]
NOTE The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.12
discontinuous disturbance
for counted clicks, disturbance with a duration of less than 200 ms at the IF-output of a
measuring receiver, which causes a transient deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver
in quasi-peak detection mode
NOTE 1 For impulsive disturbance, see IEV 161-02-08.
NOTE 2 The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.13
measurement time
T
m
the effective, coherent time for a measurement result at a single frequency (in some areas
also called dwell time)
– for the peak detector, the effective time to detect the maximum of the signal envelope,
– for the quasi-peak detector, the effective time to measure the maximum of the weighted
envelope
– for the average detector, the effective time to average the signal envelope
– for the r.m.s. detector, the effective time to determine the r.m.s. of the signal envelope
3.14
sweep
a continuous frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.15
scan
a continuous or stepped frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.16
sweep or scan time
T
s
the time between start and stop frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.17
span
Δf
difference between stop and start frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.18
sweep or scan rate
the frequency span divided by the sweep or scan time

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 21 –
3.19
number of sweeps per time unit (e.g. per second)
n
s
1/(sweep time + retrace time)
3.20
observation time
T
o
the sum of measurement times T on a certain frequency in case of multiple sweeps. If n is
m
the number of sweeps or scans, then T = n × T
o m
3.21
total observation time
T
tot
the effective time for an overview of the spectrum (either single or multiple sweeps). If c is the
number of channels within a scan or sweep, then T = c × n × T
tot m
4 Types of disturbance to be measured
This clause describes the classification of different types of disturbance and the detectors
appropriate for their measurement.
4.1 Types of disturbance
For physical and psychophysical reasons, dependent on the spectral distribution, measuring
receiver bandwidth, the duration, rate of occurrence, and degree of annoyance during the
assessment and measurement of radio disturbance, distinction is made between the following
types of disturbance:
a) narrowband continuous disturbance, i.e. disturbance on discrete frequencies as, for
example, the fundamentals and harmonics generated with the intentional application of RF
energy with ISM equipment, constituting a frequency spectrum consisting only of individual
spectral lines whose separation is greater than the bandwidth of the measuring receiver so
that during the measurement only one line falls into the bandwidth in contrast to b);
b) broadband continuous disturbance, which normally is unintentionally produced by the
repeated impulses of, for example, commutator motors, and which have a repetition
frequency which is lower than the bandwidth of the measuring receiver so that during the
measurement more than one spectral line falls into the bandwidth; and
c) broadband discontinuous disturbance is also generated unintentionally by mechanical or
electronic switching procedures, for example by thermostats or programme controls with a
repetition rate lower than 1 Hz (click-rate less than 30/min).
The frequency spectra of b) and c) are characterized by having a continuous spectrum in the
case of individual (single) impulses and a discontinuous spectrum in case of repeated
impulses, both spectra being characterized by having a frequency range which is wider than
the bandwidth of the measuring receiver specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
4.2 Detector functions
Depending on the types of disturbance, measurements may be carried out using a measuring
receiver with:
CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 23 –
a) an average detector generally used in the measurement of narrowband disturbance and
signals, and particularly to discriminate between narrowband and broadband disturbance;
b) a quasi-peak detector provided for the weighted measurement of broadband disturbance for
the assessment of audio annoyance to a radio listener, but also usable for narrowband
disturbance;
c) a peak detector which may be used for either broadband or narrowband disturbance
measurement.
Measuring receivers incorporating these detectors are specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
5 Connection of measuring equipment
This subclause describes the connection of measuring equipment, measuring receivers and
associated equipment such as artificial networks, voltage and current probes, absorbing
clamps and antennas.
5.1 Connection of associated equipment
The connecting cable between the measuring receiver and the associated equipment shall be
shielded and its characteristic impedance shall be matched to the input impedance of the
measuring receiver.
The output of the associated equipment shall be terminated with the prescribed impedance.
5.2 Connections to RF reference ground
The artificial mains network (AMN) shall be connected to the reference ground by a low RF
impedance, e.g. by direct bonding of the case of the AMN to the reference ground or
reference wall of a shielded room, or with a low impedance conductor as short and as wide as
practical (maximum length to width ratio is 3:1).
Terminal voltage measurements shall be referenced only to the reference ground. Ground
loops (common impedance coupling) shall be avoided. This should also be observed for
measuring apparatus (e.g. measuring receivers and connected associated equipment, such
as oscilloscopes, analyzers, recorders, etc.) fitted with a protective earth conductor (PE) of
Protection Class I equipment. If the PE connection of the measuring apparatus and the PE
connection of the power mains to the reference ground do not have RF isolation from the
reference ground, the necessary RF isolation shall be provided by means such as RF chokes
and isolation transformers, or if applicable, by powering the measuring apparatus from
batteries, so that the RF connection of the measuring apparatus to the reference ground is
made via only one route.
For the treatment of PE connection of the EUT to the reference ground, see Clause A.4 of
CISPR 16-2-1:2003.
Stationary test configurations do not require a connection with the protective earth conductor
if the reference ground is connected directly and meets the safety requirements for protective
earth conductors (PE connections).
5.3 Connection between the EUT and the artificial mains network
General guidelines for the selection of grounded and non-grounded connections of the EUT to
the AMN are discussed in Annex A of CISPR 16-2-1.

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 25 –
6 General measurement requirements and conditions
Radio disturbance measurements shall be:
a) reproducible, i.e. independent of the measurement location and environmental conditions,
especially ambient noise;
b) free from interactions, i.e. the connection of the EUT to the measuring equipment shall
neither influence the function of the EUT nor the accuracy of the measurement equipment.
These requirements may be met by observing the following conditions:
c) existence of a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio at the desired measurement level, e.g. the
level of the relevant disturbance limit;
d) having a defined measuring set-up, termination and operating conditions of the EUT;
e) having a sufficiently high impedance of the probe at the measuring point, in the case of
voltage probe measurements;
f) when using a spectrum analyzer or scanning receiver due considerations shall be given to
its particular operating and calibration requirements.
6.1 Disturbance not produced by the equipment under test
The measurement signal-to-noise ratio with respect to ambient noise shall meet the following
requirements. Should the spurious noise level exceed the required level, it shall be recorded
in the test report.
6.1.1 Compliance testing
A test site shall permit emissions from the EUT to be distinguished from ambient noise. The
ambient noise level should preferably be 20 dB, but at least be 6 dB below the desired
measurement level. For the 6 dB condition, the apparent disturbance level from the EUT is
increased by up to 3,5 dB. The suitability of the site for required ambient level may be
determined by measuring the ambient noise level with the test unit in place but not operating.
In the case of compliance measurement according to a limit, the ambient noise level is
permitted to exceed the preferred –6 dB level provided that the level of both ambient noise
and source emanation combined does not exceed the specified limit. The EUT is then
considered to meet the limit. Other actions can also be taken; for example, reduce the
bandwidth for narrowband signals and/or move the antenna closer to the EUT.
NOTE If both the ambient field strength and field strength of ambient and EUT are measured separately, it may be
possible to provide an estimate of the EUT field strength to a quantifiable level of uncertainty. Reference is made
in this respect in Annex C of CISPR 11.

6.2 Measurement of continuous disturbance
6.2.1 Narrowband continuous disturbance
The measuring set shall be kept tuned to the discrete frequency under investigation and
returned if the frequency fluctuates.

CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 27 –
6.2.2 Broadband continuous disturbance
For the assessment of broadband continuous disturbance the level of which is not steady, the
maximum reproducible measurement value shall be found. See 6.4.1 for further details.
6.2.3 Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers
Spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers are useful for disturbance measurements,
particularly in order to reduce measuring time. However, special consideration must be given
to certain characteristics of these instruments, which include: overload, linearity, selectivity,
normal response to pulses, frequency scan rate, signal interception, sensitivity, amplitude
accuracy and peak, average and quasi-peak detection. These characteristics are considered
in Annex B.
6.3 Operating conditions of the EUT
The EUT shall be operated under the following conditions:
6.3.1 Normal load conditions
The normal load conditions shall be as defined in the product specification relevant to the
EUT, and for EUTs not so covered, as indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
6.3.2 The time of operation
The time of operation shall be, in the case of EUTs with a given rated operating time, in
accordance with the marking; in all other cases, the time is not restricted.
6.3.3 Running-in time
No specific running-in time, prior to testing, is given, but the EUT shall be operated for a
sufficient period to ensure that the modes and conditions of operation are typical of those
during the life of the equipment. For some EUTs, special test conditions may be prescribed in
the relevant equipment publications.
6.3.4 Supply
The EUT shall be operated from a supply having the rated voltage of the EUT. If the level of
disturbance varies considerably with the supply voltage, the measurements shall be repeated
for supply voltages over the range of 0,9 to 1,1 times the rated voltage. EUTs with more than
one rated voltage shall be tested at the rated voltage which causes maximum disturbance.
6.3.5 Mode of operation
The EUT shall be operated under practical conditions which cause the maximum disturbance
at the measurement frequency.
CISPR 16-2-3  IEC:2006 – 29 –
6.4 Interpretation of measuring results
6.4.1 Continuous disturbance
a) If the level of disturbance is not steady, the reading on the measuring receiver is observed
for at least 15 s for each measurement; the highest readings shall be recorded, with the
exception of any isolated clicks, which shall be ignored (see 4.2 of CISPR 14-1:2005).
b) If the general level of the disturbance is not steady, but shows a continuous rise or fall of
more than 2 dB in the 15 s period, then the disturbance voltage levels shall be observed
for a further period and the levels shall be interpreted according to the conditions of
normal use of the EUT, as follows:
1) if the EUT is one which may be switched on and off frequently, or the direction of
rotation of which can be reversed, then at each frequency of measurement the EUT
should be switched on or reversed just before each measurement, and switched off
just after each measurement. The maximum level obtained during the first minute at
each frequency of measurement shall be recorded;
2) if the EUT is one which in normal use runs for longer periods, then it should remain
switched on for the period of the complete test, and at each frequency the level of
disturbance shall be recorded only after a steady reading (subject to the provision that
item a) has been obtained).
c) If the pattern of the disturbance from the EUT changes from a steady to a random
character part way through a test, then that EUT shall be tested in accordance with item
b).
d) Measurements are taken throughout the complete spectrum and are recorded at least at
the frequency with maximum reading and as required by the relevant CISPR publication.
6.4.2 Discontinuous disturbance
Measurement of discontinuous disturbance may be performed at a rest
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