EN 55016-1-5:2004

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 55016-1-5:2005

STANDARD
julij 2005
Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti – 1-5. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti – Preskus umerjanja antene za 30 MHz do 1 000 MHz (CISPR 16-1-
5:2003)
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
– Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
ICS 17.220.20; 33.100.20 Referenčna številka
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 55016-1-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2004

ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20
English version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
(CISPR 16-1-5:2003)
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen
de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung
et de l'immunité der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
aux perturbations radioélectriques (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit
Partie 1-5: Appareils de mesure Teil 1-5: Geräte und Einrichtungen
des perturbations radioélectriques
zur Messung der hochfrequenten
et de l'immunité aux perturbations Störaussendung (Funkstörungen)
radioélectriques – und Störfestigkeit –
Emplacements d'essai pour l'étalonnage Messplätze für die Antennenkalibrierung
des antennes de 30 MHz à 1 000 MHz von 30 MHz bis 1 000 MHz
(CISPR 16-1-5:2003) (CISPR 16-1-5:2003)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. EN 55016-1-5:2004 E
Foreword
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-5:2003, prepared by CISPR SCA, Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the formal vote and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-5 on 2004-09-01 without any modification.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-09-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-5:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 55016-1-5:2004
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
CISPR 14-1 2000 Electromagnetic compatibility - EN 55014-1 2000
Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and
methods
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-4 2003 Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-1-4 2004
measuring apparatus - Ancillary
equipment - Radiated disturbances

CISPR/TR 16-4-1 2003 Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit - -
modeling - Uncertainties in standardized
EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2 2003 Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit EN 55016-4-2 2004
modelling - Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 60050-161 1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV)
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility
1993 International Vocabulary of Basic and
General Terms in Metrology,
International Organization for
Standardization
INTERNATIONAL
CISPR
ELECTROTECHNICAL
16-1-5
COMMISSION
First edition
2003-11
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 1-5:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus – Antenna calibration test sites
for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
 IEC 2003 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch  Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
XA
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For price, see current catalogue

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.9
TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS REFERENCES .11

1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.13
3 Definitions.15
4 Specifications and validation procedures for a test site to be used to calibrate
antennas in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz .17
4.1 Introduction.17
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification.19
4.3 Test antenna specification.19
4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure .25
4.5 Antenna calibration test site compliance criteria .35
4.6 The validation report.43
4.7 Validation of the CALTS for vertical polarization .47

Annex A (informative) CALTS requirements .49
Annex B (informative) Test antenna considerations.55
Annex C (informative)  Antenna and site attenuation theory .67
Annex D (informative) Application of a fixed length dipole (30 MHz ≤ f ≤ 80 MHz) .91
Annex E (informative) Pascal Program used in C.1.3 .93
Annex F (informative) Checklist validation procedure .101

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-1-5 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This first edition of CISPR 16-1-5, together with CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-2, CISPR 16-1-3
and CISPR 16-1-4, cancels and replaces the second edition of CISPR 16-1, published in
1999, amendment 1 (2002) and amendment 2 (2003). It contains the relevant clauses of
CISPR 16-1 without technical changes.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 7 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 9 –
INTRODUCTION
CISPR 16-1, CISPR 16-2, CISPR 16-3 and CISPR 16-4 have been reorganised into 14 parts,
to accommodate growth and easier maintenance. The new parts have also been renumbered.
See the list given below.
Old CISPR 16 publications New CISPR 16 publications
CISPR 16-1-1 Measuring apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2 Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances
Radio disturbance
and immunity
CISPR 16-1-3 Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power
CISPR 16-1
measuring
apparatus
Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-1-4
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to
CISPR 16-1-5
1 000 MHz
CISPR 16-2-1 Conducted disturbance measurements
Methods of
Measurement of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-2
measurement of
CISPR 16-2
disturbances and
CISPR 16-2-3 Radiated disturbance measurements
immunity
CISPR 16-2-4
Immunity measurements
CISPR 16-3 CISPR technical reports
Uncertainties in standardised EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-1
Reports and
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
CISPR 16-3 recommendations CISPR 16-4-2
of CISPR
Statistical considerations in the
CISPR 16-4-3
determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products
Statistics of complaints and a model for the
Uncertainty in EMC
CISPR 16-4 CISPR 16-4-4
calculation of limits
measurements
More specific information on the relation between the ‘old’ CISPR 16-1 and the present ‘new’
CISPR 16-1-5 is given in the table after this introduction (TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS
REFERENCES).
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in five new parts of CISPR 16-1, while
the methods of measurement are covered now in four new parts of CISPR 16-2. Various
reports with further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances in general
are given in CISPR 16-3. CISPR 16-4 contains information related to uncertainties, statistics
and limit modelling.
CISPR 16-1 consists of the following parts, under the general title Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus:
• Part 1-1: Measuring apparatus,
• Part 1-2: Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances,
• Part 1-3: Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power,
• Part 1-4: Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances,
• Part 1-5: Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 11 –
TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS REFERENCES

Second edition of CISPR 16-1 First edition of CISPR 16-1-5
Clauses, subclauses Clauses, subclauses

1 1
2 2
3 3
5.13 4
Annexes Annexes
R A
S B
T C
U D
V E
W F
Figures Figures
55, 56, 57, 58, 59 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
S.1, S.2, S.3, S.4 B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4
T.1, T.2, T.3 C.1, C.2, C.3
Tables Tables
19, 20 1, 2
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 13 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard which specifies the requirements for
calibration test sites, used to perform antenna calibrations, as well as the test antenna
characteristics, calibration site verification procedure and site compliance criteria. Further
information on calibration site requirements, test antenna considerations and the theory of
antennas and site attenuation is provided in informative annexes.
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in CISPR 16-1-1 and CISPR 16-1-4.
Further information and background on uncertainties in general is given in CISPR 16-4-1,
which may be helpful in establishing uncertainty estimates for the calibration processes of
antennas.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 14-1:2000, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-4:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment - Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-4-1:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in
standardised EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Measurement
instrumentation uncertainties
IEC 60050(161):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology, International Organization
for Standardization, Geneva, 2nd edition, 1993

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 15 –
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this section of CISPR 16, the following definitions apply. Also see IEC
60050(161).
3.1
calibration test site (CALTS)
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation
performance in horizontal and vertical electric field polarization
A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site
attenuation measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of
the compliance test site
3.2
compliance test site (COMTS)
environment which assures valid, repeatable measurement results of disturbance field
strength from equipment under test for comparison to a compliance limit
3.3
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive
electromagnetic waves in a specified way
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
NOTE 2 See also the term "wire antenna".
3.4
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced trans-
mission line or device or vice versa
3.5
free-space-resonant dipole
wire antenna consisting of two straight colinear conductors of equal length, placed end to end,
separated by a small gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long such
that at the specified frequency the input impedance of the wire antenna measured across the
gap is pure real when the dipole is located in the free space
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, this wire antenna connected to the balun is also called the "test antenna".
NOTE 2 This wire antenna is also referred to as "tuned dipole".
3.6
site attenuation
site attenuation between two specified positions on a test site is the insertion loss determined
by a two-port measurement, when a direct electrical connection between the generator output
and receiver input is replaced by transmitting and receiving antennae placed at the specified
positions
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 17 –
3.7
test antenna
combination of the free-space-resonant dipole and the specified balun
NOTE For the purpose of this standard only.
3.8
wire antenna
a specified structure consisting of one or more metallic wires or rods for radiating or receiving
electromagnetic waves
NOTE A wire antenna does not contain a balun.
4 Specifications and validation procedures for a test site to be used to
calibrate antennas in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4 specifies the requirements for a test site used to make radio
disturbance field strength measurements in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
Such a test site may not be suitable for calibrating antennas. This clause specifies the
requirements and validation procedure for a test site suitable for the calibration of antennas
above a conducting, flat metal plane in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. A test
site meeting these stringent requirements may also be used as a reference test site for
comparison purposes in an alternative validation procedure to 5.6 of CISPR 16-1-4.
4.1 Introduction
A test site suitable for performing antenna calibration, referred to herein as CALTS, is
intended to provide a suitable environment to calibrate an antenna for its free-space antenna
factor. This calibration is performed most conveniently above a reflecting plane by using only
horizontal polarization. Subclauses 4.3 through 4.6 specify the characteristics of a CALTS, the
characteristics of a calculable test antenna and the CALTS verification (validation) procedure
and performance criteria. The CALTS validation procedure given in 4.5 requires the use of a
calculable dipole antenna as specified in 4.4, thus creating the possibility of comparing
theoretically predicted site-attenuation to measured CALTS performance. Items to be reported
in a CALTS validation report are summarized in 4.7. Annex A provides guidance for
constructing a CALTS, which complies with validation criteria specified in 4.6.
In order for a CALTS to be used as a reference test site (REFSITE) for validating the
performance of test sites according to clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4, some additional
requirements need to be specified. Subclause 4.7 specifies the additional characteristics and
performance criteria. Test sites specified in clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4, which are used for
demonstrating compliance with radiated emission limits are referred to herein as a compliance
test site (COMTS). Validation of a COMTS may be obtained by comparing it to the theoretical
site attenuation given in clause 5 of CISPR 16-1-4 (which takes precedence) or by comparing
site attenuation measurements of the REFSITE to corresponding site attenuation
measurements of the COMTS, using the same measurement set-up and equipment (antennas,
cables, generator, receiver, etc.).
The annexes to this standard contain informative specifications of a CALTS and of the
calculable, free-space-resonant dipole (tuned dipole) to be used in the CALTS validation
procedures. They also give a model for calculating theoretical site attenuation, numerical
examples and a checklist for the validation procedure.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 19 –
4.2 Antenna calibration test site (CALTS) specification
4.2.1 Introduction
The CALTS comprises the following main components:
– a good-conducting flat metal plane (the reflecting plane);
– an electromagnetically obstruction-free area surrounding the reflecting plane.
In addition, the following ancillary equipment is needed:
– two antenna masts carrying the antennas to be used in either the CALTS validation
procedure or the antenna calibration procedure;
– the cables to be connected to these antennas; and
– electronic equipment, such as an RF generator and a measuring receiver.
The normative specification for a CALTS is given in 4.2.2, while annex A contains a number of
informative specifications as a guidance to construct and place a CALTS in such a way that
the validation criteria will normally be met.
4.2.2 Normative specification
For the calibration of antennas, the CALTS shall comply with the validation criteria given in
4.5.3, i.e.
a) site attenuation at fixed antenna heights, and
b) antenna heights for maximum site attenuation, or for maximum site attenuation, at all
frequencies at which the antennas shall be calibrated.
NOTE 1 In the CALTS validation procedure, equipment is used which is also subject to normative specifications
(see 4.3 and 4.4).
NOTE 2 The CALTS validation report (4.6) will contain information on how compliance with the requirements is
maintained, so that the CALTS is deemed to comply with the requirements during its actual use.
4.3 Test antenna specification
4.3.1 Introduction
To allow (numerical) calculation of the theoretical site attenuation SA needed in the
c
validation procedure, antennas are needed which can be accurately modelled. Therefore, the
test antenna shall be a free-space resonant dipole connected to a balun with specified
properties. The normative test antenna specifications are given in 4.3.2. An example of the
construction of a test antenna is given in annex B.
The test antenna consists of a balun and two colinear wire elements (conductors) each having
a diameter D and length L . These elements are connected to the two feed terminals (A
we we
and B in figure 1) at the balun. The gap between these feed terminals has a width W . The tip-
g
to-tip length L of the antenna is given by L = 2L + W . The centre of the test antenna is in
a a we g
the middle of the feed-terminal gap on the centre-line of the two colinear wire elements.
The balun has an unbalanced input/output (transmitting/receiving antenna) port and a
balanced port at the two feed terminals A and B. As an example, in figure 1 the purpose of the
balun is indicated schematically by the balance/unbalance transformer.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 21 –
4.3.2 Normative specifications
4.3.2.1 The test antenna shall have identical wire elements of length L which can be
we
disconnected from the balun to enable the balun parameters to be validated, and to allow the
balun heads of the two antennas used in site attenuation measurements to be connected
together.
4.3.2.2 The tip-to-tip length L (f, D ) of the approximately λ/2 wire antenna is determined
a we
by the condition that, at the specified frequency f and in free space, the absolute value of the
imaginary part of the input impedance at the feed terminals is smaller than 1 Ω.
NOTE 1 If the wire elements have a constant diameter and if D << L , then L (f,D ) can be calculated from
we a a we
the equation (C.2) in subclause C.1.1. If the diameter is not a constant, e.g. when a telescopic antenna is used,
L (f) can only be calculated numerically, see C.2.2.
a
NOTE 2 When using a telescopic antenna, the telescopic elements should be tuned in such a way that the
elements having the largest diameter are used first (see figure 2), and the numerical calculations should account
for this approach.
D
we
Balun
L
we
A
L
Input/output
W
a
g
B
Reference point
IEC  843/99
NOTE – The centre of the test antenna is in the middle of the gap on the centre-line of the two wire elements.
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of the test antenna

IEC  845/99
IEC  844/99
Figure 2a – Correct                        Figure 2b – Incorrect
Figure 2 – Adjustment of a telescopic wire element to the length L
we
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 23 –
Under consideration: At test frequencies between 30 MHz and 80 MHz, a fixed length dipole
with L = L (80 MHz) may be used.
a a
4.3.2.3 The feed-terminal gap shall be W ≤ 15 mm or W ≤ 0,03 λ , whichever is the
g g min
smaller,
where
λ = c /f ,
min 0 max
f is the highest test frequency at which the test antenna is used; and
max
c is the velocity of the electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
4.3.2.4 If the tip-to-tip length L (f) of the actual wire antenna is within ∆L of the length L (f)
a a a
specified for that antenna (see table 2), that length is presumed to be validated when the
width of the feed-terminal gap complies with 4.3.2.3.
4.3.2.5 The balanced port of the balun shall have:
a) a specified impedance Z with a specified maximum VSWR, see table 2, when the
AB
unbalanced port is terminated in the impedance Z presented to it by the external circuitry
e
(the antenna feed cable);
b) an amplitude balance with respect to the balun reference point better than ∆A dB, see
b
table 2, when both feed terminals are terminated in an impedance Z /2 with respect to
AB
the balun reference point;
c) a phase balance of 180° ± ∆φ ° (see table 2), when both feed terminals are terminated in
b
an impedance Z /2 with respect to the balun reference point.
AB
NOTE 1 Connectors at the balun ports should enable RF measurements to be made at the three balun ports.
NOTE 2 The balanced port impedance Z is the impedance between the feed terminals A and B in figure 1. The
AB
preferred value of this impedance is Z = 100 Ω (real).
AB
NOTE 3 The impedance Z presented by the external circuitry is usually 50 Ω, being the preferred value.
e
NOTE 4 The amplitude and phase balance requirements ensure that the signals at the feed terminals A and B are
sufficiently equal in amplitude and opposite in phase with respect to the balun reference point. When the balanced
port meets these requirements, the isolation between the two feed terminals will be more than 26 dB when the
unbalanced port is terminated in the impedance Z .
e
NOTE 5 As far as practical, the balun components should be oriented to present the minimum co-polarized
reflecting surface to the wire antenna.
NOTE 6 The components of the balun are electrically screened, so that their (parasitic) properties cannot be
influenced by the surroundings. The balun reference point and the ground terminal of the output/input port are
connected to that screen.
4.3.2.6 The balun properties required in 4.3.2.5 may be determined from S-parameter
measurements and, partly, from injection measurements.
NOTE 1 The head-to-head connection of the baluns in 4.4.4.2 and 4.4.4.4 may be replaced by a cable-to-cable
connection when the full set of balun S-parameters and the port impedances presented to the baluns by the
generator and the receiver are known, provided the balun properties are incorporated in the SA calculation.
c
NOTE 2 S-parameter and injection measurements are described in annex B.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 25 –
4.3.2.7 If, in the CALTS validation procedure, test antennas and/or test equipment is used
with Z and/or Z differing from the preferred values 100 Ω and 50 Ω, respectively, then this
AB e
should be explicitly mentioned in the validation report (4.6).
4.4 Antenna calibration test site validation procedure
4.4.1 Introduction
In the validation procedure, the measured site attenuation SA is compared with the
m
theoretically calculated site attenuation SA . The procedure thus verifies whether the CALTS
c
sufficiently meets the properties assumed in the SA calculations, i.e.:
a) the plane is perfectly flat and infinitely large;
b) the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of that plane is r = 1; and
c) the phase difference of the incoming and reflected horizontally polarized EM waves at the
plane is φ = π radians;
d) the influence of the ancillary equipment and surroundings of the plane is negligible.
To verify the properties, two sets of measurements are required:
1) the properties a), b) and d) are verified simultaneously in a SA measurement procedure
using fixed antenna heights (see 4.4.4), after which the measured and calculated SA are
compared;
2) the properties a), c) and d) are verified simultaneously in a procedure in which the height
of one of the test antennas is scanned for maximum SA after which the measured and
calculated height of that antenna corresponding with that maximum are compared (see
4.4.5).
Alternatively, the latter set of properties may also be verified simultaneously in a scanned
frequency measurement procedure (see 4.4.6).
Below, a quantity ± ∆X represents the maximum tolerance of a parameter value X allowed in
the validation procedure. The quantitative data for the tolerances are summarized in table 2.
4.4.2 Test set-up
4.4.2.1 The centres of the test antennas, the antenna masts and the antenna coaxial
antenna cables are positioned in a plane perpendicular to the reflecting plane and centrally
located on the reflecting plane.
NOTE The centre of the test antenna has been defined in 4.3.1
4.4.2.2 The colinear wire elements are positioned parallel to the reflecting plane (antenna in
horizontal polarization) throughout, and perpendicular to the (vertical) plane mentioned in
4.4.2.1.
NOTE At the lower end of the frequency range, e.g. 30 MHz to 40 MHz, the relatively long wire elements may
droop, thus influencing the measuring results. This influence can be eliminated by physically propping up the wire
elements, or can be accounted for in the calculation of the theoretical site attenuation (see also 4.4.4.3 and
4.5.3.1).
4.4.2.3 The horizontal distance between the centres of the test antennas is
d = 10,00 m ± ∆d m (see table 2).

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 27 –
4.4.2.4 The height of the centre of the transmitting antenna above the reflecting plane is
h = 2,00 m ± ∆h m (see table 2).
t t
4.4.2.5 The height of the centre of the receiving antenna above the reflecting plane shall be
adjustable to the heights h ± ∆h , as specified in table 1 and table 2, and shall be scannable
r r
over the height range 1,0 m ≤ h ≤ 4,0 m as required in 4.4.5.
r
4.4.2.6 The coaxial cables connected to the baluns of the transmitting and receiving
antennas run perpendicular to the wire elements and parallel to the reflecting plane over a
distance of at least 1 m from the wire elements. After that, the cables may drop onto the
reflecting plane and (preferably) continue to run underneath the reflecting plane or on top of
that plane perpendicularly to the wire elements until they reach the edge of the plane. To
avoid common mode coupling, ferrite loading of the coaxial cables connected to the baluns is
advised.
NOTE 1 The cables should have a low transfer impedance to avoid influence on the measured results of the
induced cable sheet currents through that impedance.
NOTE 2 When the cables run partly underneath the reflecting plane, the sheath of the cable should be bonded
(360° around) to the reflecting plane when penetrating that plane.
4.4.2.7 The RF generator and RF receiver shall not be elevated above the level of the
reflecting plane if they are within 20 m from the plane.
4.4.2.8 The RF generator shall have a good frequency and output level stability throughout
the duration of the site-attenuation measurements. See also 4.4.4.5.
NOTE It might be necessary to include a warm-up time (normally indicated by the equipment manufacturer) of the
RF generator and RF receiver in the measuring procedure, to assure a sufficient long-term stability of these
equipments.
4.4.2.9 The RF receiver shall have its linearity calibrated over a dynamic range of at least
50 dB. The uncertainty of the receiver linearity is denoted as ∆Ar (see 4.5.2.2). A reasonable
value for the receiver linearity uncertainty is 0,2 dB.
NOTE If the linear dynamic range is less than 50 dB a substitution method may be followed, using a calibrated
precision attenuator as described in 4.4.4.7.
4.4.3 Test frequencies and receiving antenna heights
4.4.3.1 With due observance to 4.2.2, the validation measurements described in 4.4.4 shall
be carried out at least at the frequencies and the associated fixed heights of the centre of the
receiving antenna h (m) above the reflecting plane given in table 1.
r
NOTE 1 Information concerning the CALTS performance at the intermediate frequencies can be obtained by using
swept-frequency measurements as described in A.2.2.
NOTE 2 Care shall be taken in case of high-Q responses, especially for frequencies above 300 MHz. In such a
case a swept-frequency procedure should be carried out around the specified frequencies and at the associated
heights.
4.4.3.2 In addition to the validation measurements described in 4.4.4, either three receiving
antenna height-scan measurements as described in 4.4.5 or three frequency-scan
measurements as described in 4.4.6 shall be carried out.
a) When choosing to perform receiving-antenna, height-scan measurements, these shall be
carried out at the frequencies f : 300 MHz, 600 MHz and 900 MHz, with the test antennas
s
tuned to the associated frequency f .
s
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 29 –
b) When choosing to perform frequency-scan measurements, these shall be carried out with
combinations {h ,f }: {2,65 m, 300 MHz}, {1,30 m, 600 MHz} and {1,70 m, 900 MHz} of the
rs s
receiving antenna height h and the test antenna tuned frequency f .
rs s
Table 1 – Frequency and fixed receiving antenna height data for SA measurements
where h = 2 m and d = 10 m (4.4.2.3 and 4.4.2.4)
t
Frequency h Frequency h Frequency h
r r r
MHz MHz MHz
m m m
30 4,00 90 4,00 300 1,50
35 4,00 100 4,00 400 1,20
40 4,00 120 4,00 500 2,30
45 4,00 140 2,00 600 2,00
50 4,00 160 2,00 700 1,70
60 4,00 180 2,00 800 1,50
70 4,00 200 2,00 900 1,30
80 4,00 250 1,50 1 000 1,20
4.4.3.3 If narrow-band noise, such as that originating from broadcast transmitters, hinders
accurate measurement at a frequency specified in 4.4.3.1 and 4.4.3.2, a usable test frequency
as close as possible to that specified frequency shall be chosen.
The rationale for a deviation from a specified frequency shall be recorded in the validation
report (see 4.6).
4.4.3.4 The frequency of the RF generator providing the signal for the transmitting antenna
shall be adjusted to within ∆f (see table 2), of a test frequency specified in table 1 or in
4.4.3.2.
4.4.4 Site attenuation measurements
This subclause describes the three measurements needed to determine the measured site
attenuation SA (see 4.5.3.1), at the specified frequencies. The site attenuation being
m
considered is the SA between the feed terminals of the transmitting antenna (A and B in
figures 3 and 4) and those of the receiving antenna (C and D in figures 3 and 4).
NOTE Where a full set of balun S-parameters is available (see 4.3.2.6), it is also possible to consider the SA
between the two cable/balun interfaces provided the balun properties are incorporated in the calculation of the
theoretical SA. In the description given below, the latter possibility will be indicated by a note, where appropriate.

CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 31 –
A C
U
r
B
D
Generator Cable Cable Receiver
Balun Balun
IEC  846/99
Figure 3 – Determination U (f) or U (f)
r1 r2
A
C
U
s
B D
Generator Cable Cable Receiver
Balun Balun
IEC  847/99
Figure 4 – Determination U (f) with the wire antennas in their specified position
s
4.4.4.1 Measurement 1: At a specified frequency f, the reference voltage U (f) is determined. This
r1
voltage makes it possible to account for the attenuation of the signal between the RF generator output
port and the feed terminals of the transmitting wire antenna and, similarly, between the feed terminals
of the receiving wire antenna and the receiver input port.
U (f) is determined as follows (see figure 3). The wire elements of the test antennas are
r1
disconnected from their balun and the two baluns are connected head-to-head (see also note
4 below) with a connection which is as short as possible, preferably < λ /10, where λ has
min min
been defined in 4.3.2.3.
The level of the RF generator is set to give a receiver reading at least 60 dB above the noise
level of the receiver (see note 2 below). The receiver reading is recorded as U (f).
r1
NOTE 1 The level of the emitted field should not exceed the local transmission permitted levels.
NOTE 2 In this subclause it is presumed that the RF receiver complies with 4.4.2.9. Where the note to 4.4.2.9
applies, the method given in 4.4.4.7 should be applied.
NOTE 3 The noise level of the receiver can be reduced by reducing the receiver bandwidth. However, if the RF
generator and RF receiver are not frequency-locked, as in the case of a tracking generator and spectrum analyser,
the receiver bandwidth should be sufficiently wide that a possible drift of the frequency of the RF generator signal
does not influence the measuring results.
NOTE 4 If the method given in the note to 4.4.4 is followed, the complete test antennas are disconnected and the
two antenna cables are interconnected when determining U (f) and U (f) in 4.4.4.4.
r1 r2
CISPR 16-1-5 © IEC:2003 – 33 –
4.4.4.2 The amplitude setting of the RF generator used in 4.4.4.1 at a particular frequency
remains unchanged throughout the measurements associated with 4.4.4.3 and 4.4.4.4.
4.4.4.3 Measurement 2: The baluns are disconnected from each other, the wire elements
connected to their balun (see figure 4), and are adjusted to the specified length L (f). The test
a
antennas are brought into position as specified in 4.4.2 and 4.4.3. All other elements in the
test set-up are the same as in 4.4.4.1. See also the notes to 4.4.2.2 and 4.4.4.5.
At the specified test frequency f, and with the antennas in their specified position, the receiver
reading is recorded as U (f).
s
4.4.4.4 Measurement 3: The measurement of the reference voltage (see 4.4.4.1), is
repeated at the same specified frequency. The value is recorded as U (f).
r2
4.4.4.5 If U (f) and U (f), expressed in logarithmic units, differ by more than 0,2 dB, the
r1 r2
stability of the test set-up shall be improved and the aforementioned measurements 1, 2 and 3
repeated.
NOTE A cause of instability effects may also be the temperature dependence of the coaxial cable attenuation,
especially under direct sunlight exposure.
4.4.4.6 The measured site attenuation SA (f) is given by the following equation:
m
⎧ (f )⎫
U
⎪ ⎪
ra
(f ) = 20 log (dB) (1)
SA
⎨ ⎬
m
(f )
U
⎪ ⎪
s
⎩ ⎭
where U (f) is the average of U (f) and U (f).
ra r1 r2
NOTE If no provisions have been taken to avoid the droop of the wire elements of both test antennas at the lower
frequencies 30 MHz, 35 MHz and 40 MHz, it might be necessary to correct the measured site attenuation SA (see
m
4.5.3.1).
4.4.4.7 Where the dynamic range of the RF receiver does not comply with 4.4.2.9, the
following substitution method may be used provided the full set of balun S-parameters is
available and the balun properties are incorporated in the calculation of the theoretical SA.

a) Determine and record the receiver reading U (f) as described in 4.4.4.3.
s
b) Replace the test antennas by a calibrated precision attenuator and connect both antenna
cables to this attenuator. Adjust the insertion loss caused by the attenuator to a level A (f)
i1
such that the same receiver read
...