ASTM D7445-09

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D7445 −09 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding with Foam Plastic
Backing (Backed Vinyl Siding)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for vinyl
siding with integral foam plastic backing, where the siding is
NOTE 3—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
manufactured from rigid PVC compound. Performance re-
2. Referenced Documents
quirementsandtestmethodsaddressedbythisstandardinclude
materials properties and dimensions, warp, shrinkage, impact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength, expansion, appearance, and windload resistance.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are
D635Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and
also provided.
Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
NOTE 1—Backed vinyl siding is composed of two major components:
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with aVitreous
the siding and the backing. It is intended that the siding portion comply
withSpecificationD3679.ApplicableportionsofSpecificationD3679are
Silica Dilatometer
included in this specification.Additional requirements that pertain only to
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
the backing as a separate material, or to the combination of siding and
D1042Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
backing as a whole, are also included.
Plastics Under Accelerated Service Conditions
1.2 Backed vinyl siding shall be tested with the backing
D1435Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
material in place or removed, as specified in the applicable
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
requirement or test method.
tics
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
1.3 The use of PVC recycled plastic in this product shall be
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
in accordance with the requirements in Section 4.
Coordinates
1.4 Rigid PVC soffit is covered in Specification D4477.
D2457Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and
1.5 Sidingproducedtothisspecificationshallbeinstalledin
Solid Plastics
accordancewithPracticeD4756.Referenceshallalsobemade
D3679Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the specific
Siding
product to be installed.
D3892Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D4226Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-
NOTE 2—Information with regard to siding maintenance shall be
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
obtained from the manufacturer.
D4477Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl
1.6 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D4756Practice for Installation of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chlo-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ride) (PVC) Siding and Soffit
and are not considered standard.
D5206Test Method for Windload Resistance of Rigid Plas-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tic Siding
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Plastics Specimens
D7209Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
PlasticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.24onPlasticBuilding For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7445-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7445−09
Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products shall meet all of the requirements of 3,Terminology; 4, Mate-
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of rials and Manufacture; and 5, Physical Requirements.
Building Materials
4.3 The poly(vinyl chloride) siding material, exclusive of
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
backing material, when tested in accordance withTest Method
E1753Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test
D635, shall not exceed an average extent of burn of 4 in. (100
Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
mm), with an average time of burn not to exceed 10 s. A
G147Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
minimum sample thickness of 0.035 in. (0.9 mm) is
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
required.Warning—The flammability testing data,
2.2 ASCE Standard:
conclusions,andrecommendationsofTestMethodD635relate
ASCE 7-02Minimum Design loads for Buildings and Other
solely to the measurement and description of properties for
Structures
classification of the poly(vinyl chloride) siding material in
response to flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
3. Terminology
shall not be used for the description or appraisal of the fire
3.1 DefinitionsareinaccordancewithTerminologiesD883,
hazard of vinyl siding under actual fire conditions
E631, and D1600, unless otherwise specified.
4.4 The foam plastic backing shall have a Flame Spread
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Index not greater than 75 and a Smoke Developed Index not
3.2.1 backed vinyl siding—a vinyl cladding product sold
greater than 450 when tested separately under method E84.
with manufacturer-installed foam plastic backing material as
4.5 The PVC compound when extruded into siding shall
an integral part of the cladding product. The vinyl cladding
portion of backed vinyl siding meets the definition of vinyl maintain uniform color and be free of any visual surface or
structuralchanges,suchaspeeling,chipping,cracking,flaking,
siding.Backedvinylsidingisintendedtobeinstalledonlywith
the integral backing. or pitting.
3.2.2 backing material; foam plastic backing— a layer or
4.6 The PVC compound shall be compounded so as to
layers of plastic that has been intentionally expanded to
provide the heat stability and weather exposure stability
produce a reduced-density plastic containing voids consisting
required for the siding market application.
of open or closed cells distributed throughout the plastic.
4.7 Backed vinyl siding shall not contain elemental lead
3.2.3 nominal—the value that a manufacturer consistently
(Pb) or compounds of that material other than traces incidental
uses to represent a specific property or dimension of a vinyl
to raw materials or the manufacturing process. This limitation
siding product in public claims including, but not limited to,
applies to both PVC substrate and to any cap or film material,
product literature, advertisements, quotations, and certificates
as well as the backing material. Compliance with this require-
of conformance.
ment shall be demonstrated by one of the methods in 6.16.
3.2.4 process average thickness—the rolling, arithmetic
mean of average specimen thicknesses measured according to
5. Physical Requirements
6.5 for a specific product during all productions runs for the
5.1 Requirements Applicable to Vinyl Siding—The provi-
most recent six month period.
sionsof5.1.1-5.1.9applyonlytothevinylsiding,exclusiveof
3.2.5 temperate northern climate—in weather testing, a
any backing material. Where necessary to perform testing, the
North American metropolitan area testing site located within
backing material shall be removed.
73 to 100°W longitude and 37 to 45°N latitude.
5.1.1 Length and Width—The nominal length and width of
3.2.6 vinyl siding—a shaped material, made principally
the siding shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and
from rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), that is used to clad
the seller. The actual length shall not be less than ⁄4 in. (6.4
exterior walls of buildings.
mm)ofthenominallengthandtheactualwidthshallbewithin
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Any exception to a homogeneous rigid
6 ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) of the nominal width when measured in
PVC compound is present in a coextruded or laminated
accordance with 6.3 and 6.4.
capstock.
5.1.2 Thickness—These requirements pertain only to mea-
surements of the portions of the siding that are exposed after
4. Materials and Manufacture
installation of the panel, measured in accordance with the
4.1 Thevinylsiding,exclusiveofbackingmaterial,shallbe
procedurein6.5.Theaveragethicknessofeachspecimenshall
made of one or more layers of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
be no less than 0.035 in. No individual measurement shall be
compound. Any layers of materials other than poly (vinyl
thinner than 0.003 in. below the nominal thickness. The
chloride) (PVC) compound shall be kept to less than 20% by
process average thickness as defined in 3.2.4 shall be no
volume.Thislimitationdoesnotapplytothebackingmaterial.
thinner than 0.001 in. below the nominal thickness.
4.2 Where rigid PVC recycled plastic as defined in Guide
5.1.3 Camber—Afull length of siding (typically 10 or 12 ft
D7209 is used, the siding containing the PVC recycled plastic 1
(3.05 or 3.61 m)) shall not have a camber greater than ⁄8 in.
(3.2 mm) when measured in accordance with 6.6.
5.1.4 Heat Shrinkage—Theaverageheatshrinkageshallnot
Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org. exceed3.0%whendeterminedbythemethoddescribedin6.7.
D7445−09
5.1.5 Impact Resistance—Siding shall have a minimum pressure. Provision is made for compensation for pressure
impactstrengthof60in.·lbf(6.78J)whentestedinaccordance equalization specific to the product if supporting documenta-
with 6.8. tion is provided, using procedures in Annex A1.
5.1.6 Coeffıcient of Linear Expansion—The siding shall 5.2.3.2 The design-pressure values can be negative (suction
have a coefficient of linear expansion not greater than 4.5 by loads) or positive. The negative values are the largest in
-5 -5
10 in./in./°F (8.1 by 10 mm/mm/°C) when tested in accor- magnitude and are the values used in this specification.
dance with 6.9.
NOTE5—Inthatthesidingisbeingtestedasaweather-resistantexterior
5.1.7 Gloss—The gloss of smooth and embossed siding
product applied to an existing exterior structural wall, forces (negative)
shall be uniform across the exposed surface. Variations in the
working to pull the siding off the wall, fasteners, or disengage locks will
be the most important criteria for testing. Positive wind forces test the
glossmeter readings for smooth siding shall not be more than
integrity of the total wall sections, and do not provide a measure of the
610%or 65.0 points (whichever is greater). Variations for
performance of the siding.
embossed siding shall not be more than 620 % or 610.0
5.2.3.3 Refer to AnnexA1 for an explanation as to how the
points (whichever is greater). Gloss of smooth and embossed
29.12 lbf/ft (1394 Pa) negative design pressure was
siding shall be tested in accordance with 6.11.
established, and for applications where the effective negative
5.1.8 Color—The color of the siding shall be within the
designpressureasspecifiedinASCE7-02isgreaterthan29.12
defined color space parameters for the specific color agreed
lbf/ft (1394 Pa) (for example, wind-zone areas greater than
upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The color
110 mph (177 km/h) or elevations above 30 ft (9.1 m), or
specified shall be uniform on the surface of the siding panels,
exposures other than exposure category B), or for application
except in the case of multicolored woodgrain panels.
of pressure equalization compensation for backed siding.
5.1.9 Uniformity of Color—When tested in accordance with
5.2.4 Nail Slot Allowance for Thermal Expansion—For
6.13, the total color change, ∆E, between a production speci-
sidingpanelsutilizingnailslotstoallowforthermalexpansion
men and the appropriate reference specimen or agreed-upon
and contraction, the nail slot shall be sized to allow for the
color coordinates shall not vary by more than 1.5, and the
expected range of expansion and contraction over a range of
chromatic coordinates thereof shall not change by more than
100°F. Compliance with this requirement shall be demon-
6∆a = 1.0 and 6∆b = 1.0.
H H
stratedeitherbythetestmethodin6.15orbysizingofthenail
5.2 Requirements Applicable to Backed Vinyl Siding—The
slots according to the specifications in the following sections.
provisions of 5.2.1-5.2.4 apply to backed vinyl siding, includ-
The instrument used shall be capable of measuring to the
ing the integral foam backing material. Testing shall be
nearest 0.01 in. The manufacturing tolerance shall not exceed
conducted with the backing material in place, as described in
-0.030 in.
the referenced test method.
5.2.4.1 Forpanelsshorterthan6ft(1829mm)inlength,the
5.2.1 Surface Distortion—Thesidingshallbefreeofbulges,
minimum nail slot width shall be ⁄8 in. (11.4 mm).
waves, and ripples when tested to a minimum temperature of
5.2.4.2 For panels 6 ft (1829 mm) in length or longer the
120°F (49°C) in accordance with the procedure in 6.12. This
minimum nail slot width shall be determined according to the
distortion is called “oil-canning.”
following formula. The minimum width shall be the width
5.2.2 Weathering:
resulting from application of the formula, rounded to the next
5.2.2.1 The siding shall maintain a uniform color and be
lowerquarter-inch.Regardlessoftheresultsofthecalculation,
freeofanyvisualsurfaceorstructuralchangessuchaspeeling,
theminimumnailslotwidthforpanels6feetorlongershallbe
chipping, cracking, flaking, and pitting when tested in accor-
1 in (25.4 mm).
dance with 6.10.
WS 5 P 3 ~α 3100 °F 3L!1T (1)
c c
NOTE 4—Weathering-conformance-testing requirements are to reflect
performance of a “typical” extrusion siding profile representing a specific
WS = Minimum width of nail slot, in.
colorofPVCcompoundandaspecificextrusiontechnology.Innocaseis
P = Center-pinningcoefficient:1ifmanufacturer’sinstruc-
c
there an implied requirement for testing all the various shaped and sized
tions require panel to be center-pinned; 1.5 if center-
siding profile
...