ASTM D4013-98(2005)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D4013–98 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Test Specimens of Bituminous Mixtures by
Means of Gyratory Shear Compactor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.1.2 Hydraulic Compaction Ram, with nonrotating metal
face as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The ram face is hardened
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of 10-cm or 4-in.
and ground flat. The ram varies the vertical opening between
diameter test specimens of bituminous mixtures
the ram face and the press platen from+11 cm (4.5 in.) down
containing−22.4-mm (− ⁄8-in.) aggregate.
to less than 2.5 cm (1.0 in.).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5.1.3 Low-Pressure Gage, with automatic valve for high
standard.
pressure protection and with a capability of indicating within
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
62 kPa (60.3 psi) the following: (See Note 1):
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.3.1 Pregyration Stress—219 kPa (31.8 psi), which is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1779 N (400 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter specimens.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.3.2 End Point Stress— 657 kPa (95.3 psi), which is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5338 N (1200 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter specimens.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.4 High-Pressure Gage, with capability of indicating
within 6110 kPa (616 psi) the following: (See Note 1):
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.4.1 Consolidation Stress—11.0 MPa (1590 psi), which
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
is 89 kN (20 000 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter
3. Summary of Practice
specimens.
5.1.5 Tilt Mechanism, to cock the mold 6° while the
3.1 This practice employs gyratory-shearing action of the
specimen is under pregyration stress (see 5.1.3.1). In reverse
mixture at low initial pressures, allowing orientation of the
manner, it squares the mold axially against the press platen,
aggregate particles to aid compaction, and then nongyratory
with a smooth quick motion.
compression at high pressure for consolidation and shaping.
5.1.6 Gyration Mechanism,tomovethemoldabouttheram
4. Significance and Use
face 12° total angle and produce gyratory shear compaction of
thespecimen.Anelectricmotordrivesthegyrationmechanism
4.1 The specimens are compacted to simulate the density,
at approximately 1 s/cycle.
aggregatedegradation,andstructuralcharacteristicspossiblein
5.1.7 Count Mechanism, to shut the gyration motor off after
the actual road surface when proper construction procedure is
threecompletecyclesandtostopitintheloadingpositionwith
used in the placement of the material. The specimens may be
an electric brake.
used to determine stability, density, strength, water suscepti-
5.1.8 Hydraulic Hand Pump, which meters 0.51-mm
bility, etc., of bituminous mixtures by specified test methods.
(0.020-in.) ram movement, with a smooth quick motion.
5. Apparatus
5.2 Gyratory Mold— Rigid metal mold as shown in Fig. 1
and Fig. 3, with a concentric hardened ring for manipulating
5.1 Gyratory-Shear Molding Press:
gyratory action, and hardened to at least 55 HRC honed and
5.1.1 Press Platen, which is hardened and ground flat.
hard-plated interior.
5.3 Base Plate—Solid metal plate as shown in Fig. 1 and
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Fig. 2. Top and bottom surfaces are hardened and ground flat.
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
( See Table 1 for a comparison of dimensions.)
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
5.4 Wide-Mouth Funnel, with mouth that fits inside mold.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4013–98.
5.5 Scale or Balance, having at least 4500-g capacity,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sensitive to 0.1 g.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.6 Sieve or Screen— A 25-mm (1-in.) screen or 22.4-mm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ( ⁄8-in.) sieve.
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D4013–98 (2005)
FIG. 1 Mold Assembly
FIG. 2 Ram Face and Base Plate
FIG. 3 Mold
5.7 Spatula—A flexible spatula having a blade about 100
a converted arbor press or some similar device. Other methods
mm (4 in.) long and 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) wide.
ofspecimenextrusionthatdonotdamagethespecimenmaybe
5.8 Spoon—Alarge spoon with a right angle bend between
used.
the bowl and handle.
5.11 Oven, for specimen mixtures and mold assemblies
5.9 Measuring Device— A micrometer dial assembly or
having a range from 38 to 150°C (100 to 300°F) and thermo-
calipers for determining the height of the specimens is suitable
statically controlled to within 63°C (65°F).
for this purpose.
5.12 Miscellaneous— Thermometers, trowels, gloves, and
5.10 Specimen Extrusion Device—A rigid right cylinder,
mixing pans.
having a minimum height of 115 mm (4 ⁄2 in.), and a diameter
of approximately 98 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) to be used as a pedestal with NOTE 1—Because the effective diameter of the ram is different than the
D4013–98 (2005)
TABLE 1 Dimensions of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
8.2 Verification— The low- and high-pressure gages should
Preferred Alternative be verified on the gyratory-shear molding press at the points
determined in 8.1, in accordance with MethodE4.
Dimension mm Tolerance mm Tolerance
A 100.00 +0.00 101.60 +0.00
9. Preparation for Test and Compaction Temperatures
−0.05 −0.05
9.1 Mix hot-mix asphaltic concrete mixtures that contain
B 2.54 +0.00 2.54 +0.00
asphalt cement and compact into test specimens at a tempera-
−0.25 −0.25
ture of 121 6 3°C (250 6 5°F).
C 1.57 60.25 1.57 60.25
9.2 Place hot-mix, cold-laid mixtures and rock asphalt
D 25.40 60.38 25.40 60.38
mixtures in an oven, cure to constant weight at a temperature
E 14.27 60.38 14.27 60.38
of 60 6 6°C (140 6 10°F) to remove moisture or hydrocarbon
F 100.25 60.05 101.85 60.05
volatiles, and mold at a temperature of 38 6 3°C (100 6 5°F).
G 100.00 +0.00 101.60 +0.00
Curing to a “constant weight” may be accomplished by drying
−0.13 −0.13
for a specific period of time that has proven by experiment to
H 1.57 60.13 1.57 60.13
beadequateordryingtothepointthatbyobservation,basedon
I 3.18 60.25 3.18 60.25
experience, the material is sufficiently dry for testing. Drying
should be accompanied by frequent stirring.
9.3 If the mixture (such as one obtained from an asphaltic
nominal inside diameter of the mold, the hydraulic pressure on the ram is
concreteplant)containsaggregatelargerthan22.4mm( ⁄8in.),
not the same as the stress on the specimen. (The hydraulic pressure on the
separate the large size aggregate from the sample by means of
ram for many presses is equal to 50 psi, 150 psi and 2500 psi for
a 22.4-mm sieve (or a 25.0-mm (1-in.) round opening screen).
Pregyration Stress, End Point Stress, and Consolidation Stress, respec-
Usethetroweltorubthematerialthroughthesieve,scrapeoff,
tively.)
and recover as much of the fines clinging to oversize particles
6. Materials
as possible.
9.4 Preheat the mold and base plate in an oven to approxi-
6.1 Kerosine.
mately 60 to 93°C (140 to 200°F). For hot-mix, cold-laid
6.2 Lubricating Oil, lightweight grade.
mixtures and rock asphalt mixtures, heat to 38°C (100°F).
6.3 Paper Disks, 10-cm or 4-in. diameter.
Makecertainthatthegyratorymechanismisinproperworking
7. Test Specimen
order and in the loading position. Connect the motorized
gyratory-shearmoldingpresstoitselectricaloutlet,andswitch
7.1 Preparation of Mixture—Prepare the bituminous mix-
on the gyration mechanism, allowing the press to go through
ture in accordance with the specified test method.
one set of gyrations.
7.2 Amount of Mixture—Prepareconstant-weighedamounts
9.5 Place a small
...