ASTM D4013-98

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Designation:D4013–98
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Test Specimens of Bituminous Mixtures by
Means of Gyratory Shear Compactor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.1.2 Hydraulic Compaction Ram, with nonrotating metal
face as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The ram face is hardened
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of 10-cm or 4-in.
and ground flat. The ram varies the vertical opening between
diameter test specimens of bituminous mixtures
the ram face and the press platen from+11 cm (4.5 in.) down
containing−22.4-mm (− ⁄8-in.) aggregate.
to less than 2.5 cm (1.0 in.).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5.1.3 Low-Pressure Gage, with automatic valve for high
standard.
pressure protection and with a capability of indicating within
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
62 kPa (60.3 psi) the following: (See Note 1):
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.3.1 Pregyration Stress—219 kPa (31.8 psi), which is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1779 N (400 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter specimens.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.3.2 End Point Stress— 657 kPa (95.3 psi), which is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5338 N (1200 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter specimens.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.4 High-Pressure Gage, with capability of indicating
within 6110 kPa (616 psi) the following: (See Note 1):
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.4.1 Consolidation Stress—11.0 MPa (1590 psi), which
E4 Practices for Load Verification of Testing Machines
is 89 kN (20 000 lbf) total for 10-cm or 4-in. diameter
3. Summary of Practice
specimens.
5.1.5 Tilt Mechanism, to cock the mold 6° while the
3.1 This practice employs gyratory-shearing action of the
specimen is under pregyration stress (see 5.1.3.1). In reverse
mixture at low initial pressures, allowing orientation of the
manner, it squares the mold axially against the press platen,
aggregate particles to aid compaction, and then nongyratory
with a smooth quick motion.
compression at high pressure for consolidation and shaping.
5.1.6 Gyration Mechanism,tomovethemoldabouttheram
4. Significance and Use
face 12° total angle and produce gyratory shear compaction of
thespecimen.Anelectricmotordrivesthegyrationmechanism
4.1 The specimens are compacted to simulate the density,
at approximately 1 s/cycle.
aggregatedegradation,andstructuralcharacteristicspossiblein
5.1.7 Count Mechanism, to shut the gyration motor off after
the actual road surface when proper construction procedure is
threecompletecyclesandtostopitintheloadingpositionwith
used in the placement of the material. The specimens may be
an electric brake.
used to determine stability, density, strength, water suscepti-
5.1.8 Hydraulic Hand Pump, which meters 0.51-mm
bility, etc., of bituminous mixtures by specified test methods.
(0.020-in.) ram movement, with a smooth quick motion.
5. Apparatus
5.2 Gyratory Mold— Rigid metal mold as shown in Fig. 1
and Fig. 3, with a concentric hardened ring for manipulating
5.1 Gyratory-Shear Molding Press:
gyratory action, and hardened to at least 55 HRC honed and
5.1.1 Press Platen, which is hardened and ground flat.
hard-plated interior.
5.3 Base Plate—Solid metal plate as shown in Fig. 1 and
Fig. 2. Top and bottom surfaces are hardened and ground flat.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.20 on
( See Table 1 for a comparison of dimensions.)
Mechanical Tests of Bituminous Mixtures.
5.4 Wide-Mouth Funnel, with mouth that fits inside mold.
CurrenteditionapprovedJanuary10,1998.PublishedFebruary1999.Originally
5.5 Scale or Balance, having at least 4500-g capacity,
published as D4013–81. Last previous edition D4013–81 (1993).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. sensitive to 0.1 g.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4013–98
FIG. 1 Mold Assembly
FIG. 2 Ram Face and Base Plate
FIG. 3 Mold
5.6 Sieve or Screen— A 25-mm (1-in.) screen or 22.4-mm
( ⁄8-in.) sieve.
5.7 Spatula—A flexible spatula having a blade about 100 of approximately 98 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) to be used as a pedestal with
mm (4 in.) long and 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) wide. a converted arbor press or some similar device. Other methods
5.8 Spoon—Alarge spoon with a right angle bend between ofspecimenextrusionthatdonotdamagethespecimenmaybe
the bowl and handle. used.
5.9 Measuring Device— A micrometer dial assembly or 5.11 Oven, for specimen mixtures and mold assemblies
calipers for determining the height of the specimens is suitable having a range from 38 to 150°C (100 to 300°F) and thermo-
for this purpose. statically controlled to within 63°C (65°F).
5.10 Specimen Extrusion Device—A rigid right cylinder, 5.12 Miscellaneous— Thermometers, trowels, gloves, and
having a minimum height of 115 mm (4 ⁄2 in.), and a diameter mixing pans.
D4013–98
TABLE 1 Dimensions of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
stress (5.1.3.2), and one point on the high pressure gage for the
Preferred Alternative consolidation stress (5.1.4.1).
8.2 Verification— The low- and high-pressure gages should
Dimension mm Tolerance mm Tolerance
be verified on the gyratory-shear molding press at the points
A 100.00 +0.00 101.60 +0.00
−0.05 −0.05 determined in 8.1, in accordance with MethodE4.
B 2.54 +0.00 2.54 +0.00
9. Preparation for Test and Compaction Temperatures
−0.25 −0.25
C 1.57 60.25 1.57 60.25 9.1 Mix hot-mix asphaltic concrete mixtures that contain
asphalt cement and compact into test specimens at a tempera-
D 25.40 60.38 25.40 60.38
ture of 121 6 3°C (250 6 5°F).
E 14.27 60.38 14.27 60.38
9.2 Place hot-mix, cold-laid mixtures and rock asphalt
F 100.25 60.05 101.85 60.05
mixtures in an oven, cure to constant weight at a temperature
G 100.00 +0.00 101.60 +0.00
of 60 6 6°C (140 6 10°F) to remove moisture or hydrocarbon
−0.13 −0.13
volatiles, and mold at a temperature of 38 6 3°C (100 6 5°F).
H 1.57 60.13 1.57 60.13
Curing to a “constant weight” may be accomplished by drying
I 3.18 60.25 3.18 60.25
for a specific period of time that has proven by experiment to
beadequateordryingtothepointthatbyobservation,basedon
experience, the material is sufficiently dry for testing. Drying
should be accompanied by frequent stirring.
NOTE 1—Because the effective diameter of the ram is different than the
9.3 If the mixture (such as one obtained from an asphaltic
nominal inside diameter of the mold, the hydraulic pressure on the ram is
concreteplant)containsaggregatelargerthan22.4mm( ⁄8in.),
not the same as the stress on the specimen. (The hydraulic pressure on the
ram for many presses is equal to 50 psi, 150 psi and 2500 psi for separate the large size aggregate from the sample by means of
Pregyration Stress, End Point Stress, and Consolidation Stress, respec-
a 22.4-mm sieve (or a 25.0-mm (1-in.) round opening screen).
tively.)
Usethetroweltorubthematerialthroughthesieve,scrapeoff,
and recover as much of the fines clinging to oversize particles
6. Materials
as possible.
6.1 Kerosine. 9.4 Preheat the mold and base plate in an oven to approxi-
6.2 Lubricating Oil, lightweight grade. mately 60 to 93°C (140 to 200°F). For hot-mix, cold-laid
mixtures and rock asphalt mixtures, heat to 38°C (100°F).
6.3 Paper Disks, 10-cm or 4-in. diameter.
Makecertainthatthegyratorymechanismisinproperworking
order and in the loading position. Connect the motorized
7. Test Specimen
gyratory-shear molding press to its electrical outlet, and switch
7.1 Preparation of Mixture—Prepare the bituminous mix-
on the gyration mechanism, allowing the press to go through
ture in accordance with the specified test method.
one set of gyrations.
7.2 Amount of Mixture—Prepareconstant-weighedamounts
9.5 Place a small amount of lightweight oil in the center of
of bituminous mixture such th
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