ASTM B699-86(1998)

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Designation: B 699 – 86 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B 440 Specification for Cadmium
B 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a cad-
Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a
mium coating vacuum-deposited on iron and steel basis metals.
Cross Section
The coating is especially beneficial to those ferrous metals,
B 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
heat treated to 46HRC and higher or having an ultimate tensile
nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
strength greater than 1500 MPa, wherein protection against
Magnetic Basis Metals
corrosion and appearance are important (see Appendix X1).
B 504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
1.2 Vacuum-deposited production items are normally free of
tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
hydrogen embrittlement, a danger when using electroplating
B 567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
processes for deposition. Vacuum deposition can handle large
by the Beta Backscatter Method
high-strength parts that cannot be conveniently mechanically
B 568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
plated in the rotating barrels.
by X-Ray Spectrometry
1.3 The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and
B 571 Test Methods for Adhesion of Metallic Coatings
including 12 μm (3.1) either in the as-deposited condition or
B 602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
with a supplementary finish (3.2).
Inorganic Coatings
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
B 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,
E 396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cadmium
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
F 519 Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenance
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
Chemicals
tions prior to use.
3. Classification
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Classes—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
classified on the basis of thickness, as follows:
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
Class Minimum Thickness, μm
B 183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
12 12
Electroplating
B 201 Practice for Testing Chromate Coatings on Zinc and 55
Cadmium Surfaces
3.2 Types—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
B 242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for
identified by types on the basis of supplementary treatment
Electroplating
required, as follows:
B 254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
3.2.1 Type I—As-vacuum-deposited without supplementary
Stainless Steel
chromate treatment (see Appendix X1).
B 320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
3.2.2 Type II—With supplementary chromate treatment (see
plating
Appendix X2).
B 322 Practice for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
NOTE 1—It is strongly recommended that Type II should be used rather
than Type I on production items.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-8 on
4. Ordering Information
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1 To make the application of this specification complete,
B08.08.04 on Light Metals.
Current edition approved July 25, 1986. Published September 1986. Originally
published as B 699 – 81. Last previous edition B 699 – 81.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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B 699
the purchaser needs to supply the following information to the undercoating of another metal. A preliminary undercoating of
supplier in the purchase order or other governing document: nickel is permissible with parts made of stainless steel.
4.1.1 The designation number and year of issue of this 5.6 Chromate Treatment (Type II):
document. 5.6.1 Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in or
4.1.2 Class and type (3.1 and 3.2), with special aqueous acid solutions composed of hexavalent
4.1.3 Hardness or tensile strength of the steel parts (5.2), chromium along with certain anions that act as a catalyst or
4.1.4 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether it has been film forming compound to produce a continuous, smooth,
performed or is required, protective film.
4.1.5 Undercoating, if required (5.5), 5.6.2 The Type II film shall range in color from an iridescent
4.1.6 Test of coating composition, if required (6.1), yellow or a thicker more protective iridescent bronze or brown
4.1.7 Significant surfaces (6.2.2), to the heavier olive drab. It may be dyed to a desired color.
4.1.8 Luster (6.6), When necessary, a desired color shall be indicated by the
4.1.9 Sampling, if other than specified (Section 7), purchaser and specified by the provision of a suitable colored
4.1.10 Certification (11.1), and sample or indicated on the drawing for the part.
4.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if applicable. 5.6.3 Waxes, lacquers, or other organic coatings shall not be
permitted as a substitute, nor shall they be used in conjunction
5. Materials and Manufacture
with Type II coatings, in order to ensure the conformance to the
5.1 Nature of Finish—The cadmium metal for the produc- salt spray or abrasion resistance test requirements. Waxes, etc.,
tion of the coating and the resultant coating shall conform to may be used to improve lubricity.
the composition requirements of specification B 440 and shall
6. Coating Requirements
contain not less than 99.95 mass % cadmium.
6.1 Coating Composition—When specified, the chemical
5.2 Stress Relief—Steel parts that have an ultimate tensile
composition of the coating shall be determined (See X1.3).
strength of 1000 MPa and above and that have been machined,
6.2 Thickness:
ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall be heat-treated
6.2.1 The thickness of the coating everywhere on the
at a minimum of 190°C for3hor more for stress relief before
significant surfaces shall be at least that of the specified class
cleaning and coating.
as defined in 3.1.
5.3 Cleaning of Basis Metal—Proper preparatory proce-
6.2.2 Significant surfaces defined as those normally visible
dures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to
(directly or by reflection) are essential to the appearance or
ensure satisfactory adhesion and corrosion resistance perfor-
serviceability of the article when assembled in normal position;
mance of the coating. The basis metal shall not be exposed to
or can be the source of corrosion products that deface visible
treatments such as cathodic cleaning, and acid treatments
surfaces on the assembled article. When necessary, the signifi-
involving release of hydrogen on the surface of parts; nor shall
cant surfaces shall be indicated by the purchaser on the
materials be used for cleaning that will have damaging effects
applicable drawing of the article, or by the provision of
on the metal, such as pits, intergranular attack, and hydrogen
suitably marked samples.
embrittlement. If necessary, cleaning materials for surface
6.2.3 On nonsignificant visible surfaces, the minimum al-
preparation should be evaluated in accordance with Method
lowable thickness for Class 12 shall be Class 8 (8 μm), for
F 519. The basis metal shall be abrasive dry-blasted, using new
Class 8 it shall be Class 5 (5 μm), and for Class 5 it shall be 4
materials or materials that have not been used on other metals.
μm.
All loose particles shall be removed by air blasting the parts
6.3 Adhesion—The cadmium coating shall be sufficiently
thoroughly, using clean dry oil-free compressed air. Following
adherent to the basis metal to pass the tests in 9.3. When
air blasting, the basis metal may be outgassed by subjecting it
examined at a magnification of approximately 4 diameters, the
to an electron bombardment with high-energy positive ions in
coating shall not show separation from the basis metal. The
a glow discharge unit. The following practices, where appro-
formation of cracks in the coating caused by rupture of the
priate for precleaning to remove oil, grease, and other foreign
basis metal that does not result in flaking, peeling, or blistering
materials should be used: B 183, B 242, B 254, B 320, and
of the cadmium coating shall not be considered as nonconfor-
B 322.
mance to this requirement.
NOTE 2—Parts may be cleaned by blasting with 120-mesh aluminum
6.4 Abrasion Resistance—The supplementary chromate
oxide or 100-mesh garnet grit with a nozzle pressure of 410 to 620 kPa to
film (Type II) on the cadmium coating shall be adherent,
remove scale, oxides, or other contamination. Blasted surfaces should not
non-powdery, and shall resist abrasion when tested as detailed
be rougher than the specified finish for the part. When necessary to
in 9.4.
achieve the proper surface roughness, finer grit may be used, but
aluminum oxide coarser than 120-mesh or garnet grit coarser than 6.5 Corrosion Resistance—Cadmium coatings with Type II
100-mesh should not be used. Following air blasting, stainless steel parts
treatment shall show neither white corrosion products of
should be passivated.
cadmium nor basis metal corrosion products at the end of 96 h
5.4 Deposition Process—Cadmium vacuum deposition test period, when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray in
−4
shall be conducted in a vacuum of 1.33 3 10 to 3.3 Pa with accordance with 9.5. The appearance of corrosion products
an evaporation rate of 0.8 to 1.7 mg/s. visible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall be
5.5 Substrate—Unless otherwise specified, cadmium shall cause for rejection, except that white corrosion products at the
be deposited directly on the basis metal without a preliminary edges of specimens shall not constitute failure.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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B 699
NOTE 3—The hours given are the minimum required to guarantee
the nature, size, and number, and shall be processed as required
satisfactory performance. Longer periods before the appearance of the
in 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3.
white corrosion products, even on the as-coated Type I, and rust are
NOTE 6—When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for the
possible. Salt spray resistance does not vary in exact proportion with
measurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is to
increased plating thickness of Type II coatings. Although hours to failure
be used so that the proper sampling plan is selected. Also a test may
(red rust) for Type I coatings are not specified, the hours given for Type
destroy the coating, but in a noncritical area; or if it destroys the coating,
II reflect the added protection of the chromate treatments without
it may be the tested article can be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.
requiring impractical testing periods.
The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considered
6.6 Luster—Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a
destructive or nondestructive.
semi-satin or a light matte luster shall be acceptable.
8. Specimen Preparation
6.7 Workmanship and Finish:
8.1 Vacuum-Coated Parts or Separate Specimens—When
6.7.1 The coating shall be smooth, adherent, uniform in
the vacuum-coated parts are of such form, shape, size, and
appearance, and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules,
value as to prohibit their use, or are not readily adaptable to a
flaking, and other defects that may affect the function of the
test, or when destructive tests of small lot sizes are required,
coating. The coating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 6.2,
the test shall be made by the use of separate specimens coated
including thread roots, thread peaks, corners, recesses, and
concurrently with the articles represented. The separate speci-
edges. The coating shall show no indication of contamination
mens shall be of a basis metal equivalent to that of the article
or improper operation of equipment used to produce the
represented. These separate specimens shall be introduced into
deposit, such as excessively powdery or darkened coatings.
a lot at regular intervals before the cleaning operations,
Superficial staining, which results from rinsing or drying, and
preliminary to vacuum coating, and shall not be separated
variations in color or luster shall not be cause for rejection.
therefrom until after completion of the coating. Conditions
6.7.2 Defects and variations in appearance in the coating
affecting the vacuum coating of specimens, including the
that arise from surface conditions of the substrate (scratches,
spacing, coating media, temperature, pressure, etc., in respect
pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that persist in the finish
to other objects being coated, shall correspond as nearly as
despite the observance of good application techniques shall not
possible to those affecting the significant surfaces of the
be cause for rejection.
articles represented. Unless a need can be demonstrated,
NOTE 4—Applied finishes generally perform better in service when the
separately prepared specimens shall not be used in pla
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