ASTM B699-86(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: B 699 – 86 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B322 Practice for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B440 Specification for Cadmium
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a cad-
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
miumcoatingvacuum-depositedonironandsteelbasismetals.
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a
The coating is especially beneficial to those ferrous metals,
Cross Section
heattreatedto46HRCandhigherorhavinganultimatetensile
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
strength greater than 1500 MPa, wherein protection against
nessesbytheMagneticMethod:NonmagneticCoatingson
corrosion and appearance are important (see Appendix X1).
Magnetic Basis Metals
1.2 Vacuum-depositedproductionitemsarenormallyfreeof
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Me-
hydrogen embrittlement, a danger when using electroplating
tallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
processes for deposition. Vacuum deposition can handle large
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
high-strength parts that cannot be conveniently mechanically
by the Beta Backscatter Method
plated in the rotating barrels.
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
1.3 Thecoatingisprovidedinvariousthicknessesuptoand
by X-Ray Spectrometry
including 12 µm (3.1) either in the as-deposited condition or
B571 Practice for QualitativeAdhesionTesting of Metallic
with a supplementary finish (3.2).
Coatings
1.4 Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothe
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
Inorganic Coatings
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,
B697 GuideforSelectionofSamplingPlansforInspection
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
E396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cadmium
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
F519 Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement of
tions prior to use.
Plating Processes and Service Environments
2. Referenced Documents
3. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 3.1 Classes—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
classified on the basis of thickness, as follows:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
Class Minimum Thickness, µm
Electroplating
12 12
B201 Practice for Testing Chromate Coatings on Zinc and
Cadmium Surfaces
B242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for
3.2 Types—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
Electroplating
identified by types on the basis of supplementary treatment
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
required, as follows:
Stainless Steel
3.2.1 Type I—As-vacuum-deposited without supplementary
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
chromate treatment (see Appendix X1).
plating
3.2.2 TypeII—Withsupplementarychromatetreatment(see
Appendix X2).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
NOTE 1—ItisstronglyrecommendedthatTypeIIshouldbeusedrather
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.08.04 on Soft Metals.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B699–86 (1998). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 699 – 86 (2003)
than Type I on production items.
5.4 Deposition Process—Cadmium vacuum deposition
−4
shall be conducted in a vacuum of 1.33 310 to 3.3 Pa with
4. Ordering Information
an evaporation rate of 0.8 to 1.7 mg/s.
4.1 To make the application of this specification complete, 5.5 Substrate—Unless otherwise specified, cadmium shall
be deposited directly on the basis metal without a preliminary
the purchaser needs to supply the following information to the
supplier in the purchase order or other governing document: undercoating of another metal. A preliminary undercoating of
nickel is permissible with parts made of stainless steel.
4.1.1 The designation number and year of issue of this
5.6 Chromate Treatment (Type II):
document.
5.6.1 Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in or
4.1.2 Class and type (3.1 and 3.2),
with special aqueous acid solutions composed of hexavalent
4.1.3 Hardness or tensile strength of the steel parts (5.2),
chromium along with certain anions that act as a catalyst or
4.1.4 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether it has been
film forming compound to produce a continuous, smooth,
performed or is required,
protective film.
4.1.5 Undercoating, if required (5.5),
5.6.2 TheTypeIIfilmshallrangeincolorfromaniridescent
4.1.6 Test of coating composition, if required (6.1),
yellow or a thicker more protective iridescent bronze or brown
4.1.7 Significant surfaces (6.2.2),
to the heavier olive drab. It may be dyed to a desired color.
4.1.8 Luster (6.6),
When necessary, a desired color shall be indicated by the
4.1.9 Sampling, if other than specified (Section 7),
purchaser and specified by the provision of a suitable colored
4.1.10 Certification (11.1), and
sample or indicated on the drawing for the part.
4.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if applicable.
5.6.3 Waxes,lacquers,orotherorganiccoatingsshallnotbe
permitted as a substitute, nor shall they be used in conjunction
5. Materials and Manufacture
withTypeIIcoatings,inordertoensuretheconformancetothe
saltsprayorabrasionresistancetestrequirements.Waxes,etc.,
5.1 Nature of Finish—The cadmium metal for the produc-
may be used to improve lubricity.
tion of the coating and the resultant coating shall conform to
the composition requirements of Specification B440 and shall
6. Coating Requirements
contain not less than 99.95 mass% cadmium.
6.1 Coating Composition—When specified, the chemical
5.2 Stress Relief—Steel parts that have an ultimate tensile
composition of the coating shall be determined (see X1.3).
strengthof1000MPaandaboveandthathavebeenmachined,
6.2 Thickness:
ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall be heat-treated
6.2.1 The thickness of the coating everywhere on the
at a minimum of 190°C for3hor more for stress relief before
significant surfaces shall be at least that of the specified class
cleaning and coating.
as defined in 3.1.
5.3 Cleaning of Basis Metal—Proper preparatory proce-
6.2.2 Significant surfaces defined as those normally visible
dures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to
(directly or by reflection) are essential to the appearance or
ensure satisfactory adhesion and corrosion resistance perfor-
serviceabilityofthearticlewhenassembledinnormalposition;
mance of the coating. The basis metal shall not be exposed to
or can be the source of corrosion products that deface visible
treatments such as cathodic cleaning, and acid treatments
surfaces on the assembled article. When necessary, the signifi-
involvingreleaseofhydrogenonthesurfaceofparts;norshall
cant surfaces shall be indicated by the purchaser on the
materials be used for cleaning that will have damaging effects
applicable drawing of the article, or by the provision of
on the metal, such as pits, intergranular attack, and hydrogen
suitably marked samples.
embrittlement. If necessary, cleaning materials for surface
6.2.3 On nonsignificant visible surfaces, the minimum al-
preparation should be evaluated in accordance with Method
lowable thickness for Class 12 shall be Class 8 (8 µm), for
F519.Thebasismetalshallbeabrasivedry-blasted,usingnew
Class 8 it shall be Class 5 (5 µm), and for Class 5 it shall be 4
materials or materials that have not been used on other metals.
µm.
All loose particles shall be removed by air blasting the parts
6.3 Adhesion—The cadmium coating shall be sufficiently
thoroughly, using clean dry oil-free compressed air. Following
adherent to the basis metal to pass the tests in 9.3. When
air blasting, the basis metal may be outgassed by subjecting it
examined at a magnification of approximately 4 diameters, the
to an electron bombardment with high-energy positive ions in
coating shall not show separation from the basis metal. The
a glow discharge unit. The following practices, where appro-
formation of cracks in the coating caused by rupture of the
priate for precleaning to remove oil, grease, and other foreign
basismetalthatdoesnotresultinflaking,peeling,orblistering
materials should be used: B183, B242, B254, B320, and
of the cadmium coating shall not be considered as nonconfor-
B322.
mance to this requirement.
NOTE 2—Parts may be cleaned by blasting with 120-mesh aluminum
6.4 Abrasion Resistance—The supplementary chromate
oxide or 100-mesh garnet grit with a nozzle pressure of 410 to 620 kPa to
film (Type II) on the cadmium coating shall be adherent,
remove scale, oxides, or other contamination. Blasted surfaces should not
non-powdery, and shall resist abrasion when tested as detailed
be rougher than the specified finish for the part. When necessary to
in 9.4.
achieve the proper surface roughness, finer grit may be used, but
6.5 Corrosion Resistance—Cadmium coatings with Type II
aluminum oxide coarser than 120-mesh or garnet grit coarser than
treatment shall show neither white corrosion products of
100-mesh should not be used. Following air blasting, stainless steel parts
should be passivated. cadmium nor basis metal corrosion products at the end of 96 h
B 699 – 86 (2003)
otherwise. The purchaser should compare the plans with his needs and
testperiod,whentestedbycontinuousexposuretosaltsprayin
state which plan is to be used. If the plans in Method B602 do not serve
accordance with 9.5. The appearance of corrosion products
the needs, additional ones are given in Guide B697.
visible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall be
cause for rejection, except that white corrosion products at the
7.3 Specimens—If separate test specimens are to be used to
edges of specimens shall not constitute failure.
represent the coated articles in a test, the specimens shall be of
thenature,size,andnumber,andshallbeprocessedasrequired
NOTE 3—The hours given are the minimum required to guarantee
in 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3.
satisfactory performance. Longer periods before the appearance of the
white corrosion products, even on the as-coated Type I, and rust are
NOTE 6—When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for the
possible. Salt spray resistance does not vary in exact proportion with
measurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is to
increased plating thickness of Type II coatings.Although hours to failure
be used so that the proper sampling plan is selected. Also a test may
(red rust) for Type I coatings are not specified, the hours given for Type
destroy the coating, but in a noncritical area; or if it destroys the coating,
II reflect the added protection of the chromate treatments without
it may be the tested article can be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.
requiring impractical testing periods.
The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considered
6.6 Luster—Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a
destructive or nondestructive.
semi-satin or a light matte luster shall be acceptable.
8. Specimen Preparation
6.7 Workmanship and Finish:
6.7.1 The coating shall be smooth, adherent, uniform in
8.1 Vacuum-Coated Parts or Separate Specimens—When
appearance, and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules,
the vacuum-coated parts are of such form, shape, size, and
flaking, and other defects that may affect the function of the
value as to prohibit their use, or are not readily adaptable to a
coating. The coating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 6.2,
test, or when destructive tests of small lot sizes are required,
including thread roots, thread peaks, corners, recesses, and
the test shall be made by the use of separate specimens coated
edges. The coating shall show no indication of contamination
concurrently with the articles represented. The separate speci-
or improper operation of equipment used to produce the
mens shall be of a basis metal equivalent to that of the article
deposit, such as excessively powdery or darkened coatings.
represented.These separate specimens shall be introduced into
Superficial staining, which results from rinsing or drying, and
a lot at regular intervals before the cleaning operations,
variations in color or luster shall not be cause for rejection.
preliminary to vacuum coating, and shall not be separated
6.7.2 Defects and variations in appearance in the coating
therefrom until after completion of the coating. Conditions
that arise from surface conditions of the substrate (scratches,
affecting the vacuum coating of specimens, including the
pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that persist in the finish
spacing, coating media, temperature, pressure, etc., in respect
despitetheobservanceofgoodapplicationtechniquesshallnot
to other objects being coated, shall correspond as nearly as
be cause for rejection.
possible to those affecting the significant surfaces of the
articles represented. Unless a need can be demonstrated,
NOTE 4—Applied finishes generally perform better in service when the
substrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal, separately prepared specimens shall not be used in place of
inclusions, pores, and other defects. It is recommended that the specifi-
production items for nondestructive and visual examinations.
cationscoveringtheunfinishedproductprovidelimitsforthosedefects.A
8.2 Thickness, Adhesion, and Abrasion Resistance
metal finisher can often remove defects through special treatments, such
Specimens—Ifseparatespecimensforthickness,adhesion,and
as grinding, polishing, electropolishing, and chemical treatments. How-
abrasion resistance tests are required, they shall be strips
ever, these are not normal in the treatment steps preceding the application
approximately 25 mm wide, 100 mm long,
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