ASTM D5517-14(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials
Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.6 Other relevant information, when available, should be included in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest.
5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL.7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal.
1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified.
1.3 The rationale for this test method is discussed in Appendix X1.
1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2021
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.57 - Artist Paints and Related Materials
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2022
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2016
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2010
Overview
ASTM D5517-14(2021), Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials, is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International. This test method specifies procedures to evaluate how much metal content in art materials becomes soluble under acidic conditions that simulate gastric juice. The purpose is to assess the potential bioavailability of metals if the material is ingested, providing insight into user safety, especially for products intended for children or artists working regularly with such supplies.
This method offers a rigorous way to estimate the solubility of metals such as lead, cadmium, barium, and others from art materials. It helps manufacturers, toxicologists, and regulatory agencies determine health risks associated with metal-containing art materials and guides labeling and risk assessment.
Key Topics
Extraction Process: The standard describes extracting metals by exposing art materials to a weak hydrochloric acid solution at body temperature (37°C). This procedure simulates conditions within the human stomach to assess metal solubility.
Comparison with Other Standards: ASTM D5517 is adapted from European Toy Safety Standard EN 71-3:1994 and is more demanding than ASTM F963 due to higher extraction yields and body-temperature testing, providing a conservative safety estimate.
Scope of Materials: It applies to the full, finished art material (not just individual ingredients), including paints, inks, colored pencils, pastels, and other solid or liquid art supplies.
Bioavailability Assessment: The extractability results are an indicator of the metals' potential bioavailability, which is crucial for toxicological evaluation but is not a direct measure of actual absorption in humans.
Results Interpretation: The method considers extraction results up to 250 ppm as typical. For higher results, it recommends increasing the extractant volume for further analysis.
Testing and Analysis: Laboratory procedures such as pH adjustment, temperature control, controlled agitation, filtration or centrifugation, and analysis via established analytical methods (referencing ISO 3856 and USEPA methods) form the core of the test.
Precision and Bias: Interlaboratory studies confirm reliable repeatability and reproducibility, making ASTM D5517 a robust choice for quality assurance processes.
Applications
Product Safety Validation: Used by art material manufacturers to ensure product safety and comply with global regulatory requirements, particularly when products are marketed for children or schools.
Toxicological Assessment: Assists toxicologists in evaluating the potential exposure risks from metal-containing art materials, contributing to proper labeling under regulations such as ASTM D4236.
Regulatory Compliance: Supports compliance efforts with domestic and international standards, including requirements for labeling, permissible heavy metal content, and quality control.
Quality Assurance: Offers quality laboratories a standardized procedure to assess batch-to-batch consistency and monitor processes to minimize hazardous metal extractability.
Consumer Protection: Provides indicators for risk managers and consumer safety organizations to make informed recommendations regarding the safe use of art materials.
Related Standards
- ASTM D4236: Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards.
- ASTM F963: Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety.
- EN 71-3:1994: European Standard on levels of certain elements in toy materials.
- ISO 3696: Specifications for water purity in laboratory testing.
- ISO 3856: Determination of "soluble" metal content in paints and varnishes.
- USEPA SW-846: Environmental Protection Agency method for inorganic analyte testing.
Practical Value
Adopting ASTM D5517-14(2021) helps ensure art materials meet rigorous safety requirements by providing a repeatable and internationally accepted method for assessing the extractability of potentially bioavailable heavy metals. This supports manufacturers in safeguarding their products, assures consumers of safety, and assists regulators in effective oversight, ultimately contributing to public health and safety in art-related activities.
Keywords: ASTM D5517, extractability of metals, art materials, soluble metals, bioavailability, safety testing, regulatory compliance, toxicological assessment, heavy metals in art supplies.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5517-14(2021) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.6 Other relevant information, when available, should be included in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest. 5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL.7 SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal. 1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified. 1.3 The rationale for this test method is discussed in Appendix X1. 1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.6 Other relevant information, when available, should be included in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest. 5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL.7 SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal. 1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified. 1.3 The rationale for this test method is discussed in Appendix X1. 1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5517-14(2021) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 97.195 - Items of art and handicrafts. Cultural property and heritage. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5517-14(2021) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F963-23, ASTM E456-13a(2022)e1, ASTM E456-13A(2017)e1, ASTM E456-13A(2017)e3, ASTM D4236-94(2016), ASTM F963-16, ASTM E456-13ae2, ASTM E456-13ae1, ASTM E456-13ae3, ASTM E456-13a, ASTM E456-13, ASTM E456-12e1, ASTM E456-12, ASTM F963-11, ASTM D4236-94(2010). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5517-14(2021) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5517 − 14 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Extractability of Metals from Art Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheextractionofmetalsfromart 2.1 ASTM Standards:
materialsusinganextractantthatsimulatestheacidpotentialof D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction Health Hazards
method in Specification F963, except that it requires conduct- E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
ing extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
becausetheprocedurecausestheextractionofalargerquantity F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety
of metal.
2.2 International Standards:
EN 71-3:1994 Safety of Toys
1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy
ISO 3696 Water for Laboratory Use—Specifications
Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a
ISO 3856 Paints and Varnishes—Determination of
solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or
“Soluble” Metal Content
oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are
Part 1: Determination of lead content—Flame atomic ab-
specified.
sorption spectrometric method and dithiazone spectropho-
1.3 The rationale for this test method is discussed in
tometric method
Appendix X1.
Part 2: Determination of antimony content—Flame atomic
1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a
absorption spectrophotometric method and Rhodamine B
whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art
spectrophotometric method
material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate
Part 3: Determination of barium content—Flame atomic
estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from
emission spectrometric method
testing ingredients.
Part 4: Determination of cadmium content—Flame atomic
absorption spectrometric method and polarographic
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Part5: Determinationofhexavalentchromiumcontentofthe
standard.
pigment portion of the liquid paint or the paint in powder
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
form—Diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Part6: Determinationoftotalchromiumcontentoftheliquid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
portion of paint—Flame atomic absorption spectrometric
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.3 USEPA Standards:
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
USEPA Test Method SW-846
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint www.astm.org.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials. Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally Available from United States Environmental Protection Association (EPA),
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5517 – 14. DOI: Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http://
10.1520/D5517-14R21. www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5517 − 14 (2021)
6010 Test Method for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, 4. Summary of Test Method
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese,
4.1 Apowdered, liquid, comminuted or ground art material
molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium,
is mixed with a 0.07 N hydrochloric acid solution and, after
vanadium, and zinc
adjusting the pH to 1.5, is shaken for 1 h and then allowed to
6020 Test Method for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium,
sit for an additional hour. These extraction steps are conducted
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
at 37 6 2°C. Solids are separated from the extractant by
manganese, nickel, silver, thallium, and zinc
centrifugation and filtration through a 0.45-µm filter. The
7040 Test Method for antimony
resultant eluate is then analyzed for the metal(s) of interest.
7041 Test Method for antimony
7060 Test Method for arsenic
5. Significance and Use
7061 Test Method for arsenic
5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the
7080 Test Method for barium
solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium.
7090 Test Method for beryllium
This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount
7091 Test Method for beryllium
of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant
7130 Test Method for cadmium
as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.
7131 Test Method for cadmium
Otherrelevantinformation,whenavailable,shouldbeincluded
7190 Test Method for chromium
in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art
7191 Test Method for chromium
materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics
7200 Test Method for cobalt
(absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and
7201 Test Method for cobalt
mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest.
7210 Test Method for copper
5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this
7421 Test Method for lead
test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are
7460 Test Method for manganese
greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be in-
7470 Test Method for mercury
creased to 100 mL.
7471 Test Method for mercury
7480 Test Method for molybdenum
6. Apparatus
7481 Test Method for molybdenum
6.1 Metal Sieve of aperture 0.5 mm.
7520 Test Method for nickel
6.2 pH meter with an accuracy of 60.1 pH units.
7550 Test Method for osmium
7740 Test Method for selenium
6.3 Membrane Filter with a pore size of 0.45 µm.
7741 Test Method for selenium
6.4 Centrifuge able to centrifuge at a minimum of 13 600 g.
7760 Test Method for silver
6.5 Precision Reciprocal Shaker150oscillations/minwith1
7840 Test Method for thallium
in. stroke length or wrist-action shaker capable of controlling
7841 Test Method for thallium
the shaking amplitude to 4 6 2 mm and the frequency to 9 6
7870 Test Method for tin
2 Hz.
7910 Test Method for vanadium
7911 Test Method for vanadium
6.6 Constant Temperature Water Bath at 37 6 2°C.
7950 Test Method for zinc
7. Reagents
3. Terminology
7.1 Hydrochloric Acid (0.07 N)—Add 2.55 g concen
...
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