D01.57 - Artist Paints and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The retention of chromatic properties by a colorant over a long period of years is essential in a work of art. Accelerated exposure simulates color changes that may reasonably be expected. The producer and the user of artists' materials, therefore, can be apprised of suitable colorants.  
5.2 Variations in results may be expected between the test methods. Also, some variation may be expected when the same test is repeated. Variations in Methods A and B are due to differences in outdoor conditions that are not accounted for in testing to equivalent radiant exposures. Information on sources of variability and strategies for addressing variability in laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
5.3 This standard does not cover factors other than lightfastness that can affect the permanence of art materials.
SCOPE
1.1 Four test methods to accelerate the effects of long term indoor illumination on artists’ materials are described below. One of the natural daylight methods and one of the xenon-arc methods are used to categorize the lightfastness of colorants.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Exposure in southern Florida to natural daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Exposure in Arizona to natural daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.3 Test Method C—Exposure in a non-humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.4 Test Method D—Exposure in a humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.2 These test methods are used to approximate the color change that can be expected over time in colorants used in artists' materials exposed indoors to daylight through window glass.  
Note 1: The color changes that result from accelerated exposure may not duplicate the results of normal indoor exposure in a home, art gallery, or museum. The relative resistance to change, however, can be established so colored materials can be assigned to categories of relative lightfastness.
Note 2: Users who wish to test colored materials under fluorescent illumination should consult Practice D4674.  
1.3 Lightfastness categories are established to which colorants are assigned based on the color difference between specimens before and after exposure.  
1.4 Color difference units are calculated by the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color difference equation.  
1.5 These test methods apply to colored artists’ materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.6 Other relevant information, when available, should be included in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest.  
5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL.7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal.  
1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified.  
1.3 The rationale for this test method is discussed in Appendix X1.  
1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This standard specification establishes quality requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists' colored pencils. This specification also covers vehicles and additives. Labeling requirements shall include company or brand name, identification number, country of origin, colour index names, lightfastness, pencil type, name and address of manufacturer, constitution number, toxicity, and statement of conformance. Additives for colored pencils shall include thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, wax, oil, and humectants. The pencil shall be capable of applying an even coating without scratch marks and without excessive breaking. Lightfastness, color difference test, exposure to natural daylight through window glass, and exposure to Xenon-arc radiation shall be done in accordance with the ASTM standard testing method using white, uncoated, neutral pH, buffered paper or board, without optical brighteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists’ colored pencils.  
1.2 This specification covers vehicles and additives. Requirements are included for identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Colored pencil specimens are exposed to both natural daylight through window glass and simulated window glass-filtered daylight radiation to determine the lightfastness rating for each pencil.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds. It indicates the conditions that affect the quality of acrylic dispersion grounds that are not covered in the specification, such as wet ground properties, dry properties, and storage. This specification also mentions several methods that are used to test some of these conditions, including adhesion, oil hold out, and flexibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists’ oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.  
5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.  
5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.  
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints. Lightfastness determination, exposure tests, and mean color difference calculation shall be conducted to meet the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of accelerating the tendency of a material toward spontaneous heating that may eventually lead to a fire. It is applicable to liquids and pastes.  
5.2 The spontaneous heating behavior of an oil-based material is affected by such factors as the availability of oxygen, the amount of driers present, the degree of polymerization of oils, the surface area of the cellulose material, measures to prevent heat dissipation, and the amount of oil in contact with cellulose material. The degree of spontaneous heating bears little relationship to the type of cellulose material to which an oil-based material comes in contact or whether or not oil soaked materials are first air dried. Small amounts of contaminants, such as oil paint, quartz dust, dirt or drier (for example, materials that might be found on a dirty, oil-soaked rag), can act as catalysts for this reaction.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure to determine the self heating tendency of oil-based materials by exposure to elevated temperatures in air in a controlled semi-adiabatic system.  
1.2 This test method has been developed to address an urgent need to identify oil-based materials that may require labeling for spontaneous heating tendency. Studies based on this test method may allow the development of a practice to identify such oil-based materials.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For safety concerns specific to disposal of solvent-soaked rags, see Appendix X1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of measuring whether or not an aerosol product may present an aspiration risk if a dispensed aerosol gets into one’s mouth.  
4.2 The degree of risk for aspiration of an aerosol depends both on spray pattern as well as aerosol deposition rate.2  
4.3 This test method will be used to determine the need for child-resistant packaging of aerosol products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure to determine the aspiration potential of aerosol products by determining spray pattern and aerosol deposition rates.  
1.2 This test method has been developed to address a need to identify which aerosol products may present an aspiration risk such that special labeling and/or child-resistant packaging would be appropriate. Studies based on this method may allow the development of a practice to identify such aerosol products.  
1.3 Although this method may be useful for testing non-pressurized aerosol products, its development has been limited to testing pressurized aerosols.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect. This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group, and does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards. Also, this practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents adverse chronic health effects. Labels should include the signal word WARNING, list of potentially chronic hazards, name of chronically hazardous component(s), safe handling instructions, list of sensitizing components, information sources, labeling content and product size, and other supplementary information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials and provides hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This practice concerns those chronic health hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s), when the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist (see 2.1.11) has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).  
1.2 This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.  
1.3 Labeling determinations shall consider reasonable foreseeable use or misuse. The responsibility for precautionary labeling rests with the producer or repackager who markets the materials for art or craft use.  
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents chronic health hazards.  
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards in accordance with chemical substance labeling standards and practices, such as another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes, regulations, or guidelines.  
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic health hazards is incomplete and warnings cannot cover all uses of any product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to ensure completely safe use of an art product.  
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine individually or collectively precautionary labeling for art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a certifying organization are given in Appendix X1.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.    
Colour Index Name  
Lightfastness Category  
Common Name and Chemical Class  
Colour Index Number  
Acrylic  
YELLOWS  
PY 3  
II  
Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow  
11710  
PY 35  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM)  
77205  
PY 35:1  
I  
Cadmium-(hue designation), cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM)  
77205:1  
PY 37  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfate (CC) (SM)  
77199  
PY 37:1  
I  
Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM)  
77199:1  
PY 42  
I  
Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Yellow Iron Oxide,
synthetic hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 42  
I  
Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Orange, synthetic hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 43  
I  
Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 53  
I  
Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium  
77788  
PY 65  
I  
Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hansa Yellow RN, arylide yellow  
11740  
PY 73  
I  
Arylide Yellow GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow GX, arylide yellow  
11738  
PY 74 (LF)  
I  
Arylide Yellow 5Gx, with option of adding Hansa Yellow 5GX, arylide yellow  
11741  
PY 83 (HR70)  
I  
Diarylide Yellow HR70, diarylide yellow  
21108  
PY 97  
I  
Arylide Yellow FGL, arylide yellow  
11767  
PY 98  
I  
Arylide Yellow 10GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow 10GX, arylide yellow  
11727  
PY 108  
I  
Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, anthrapyrimidine  
68420  
PY 109  
I  
Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachloroisoindolinone  
NA  
PY 110  
I  
Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachloroisoindolinone  
56280  
PY 112  
I  
Flavanthrone Yellow, flavanthrone  
70600  
PY 138  
I  
Quinophthalone Yellow, quinophthalone  
56300  
PY 139  
I  
Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline  
NA  
PY 150  
I  
Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel complex azo  
NA  
PY 151  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H4G, benzimidazolone  
13980  
PY 153  
I  
Nickel Dioxine Yellow, dioxine yellow nickel complex  
NA  
PY 154  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H3G, benzimidazolone  
11781  
PY 175  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H6G, benzimidazolone  
11784  
PY 184  
I  
Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, bismuth vanadate  
NA  
ORANGES  
PO 5  
II  
Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM)  
12075  
PO 20  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC)  
77202  
PO 20:1  
I  
Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfoselenide coprecipitated with barium sulfate  
77202:1  
PO 23  
I  
Cadmium Vermilion Orange, concentrated cadmium ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Artists have available to them a wide variety of art materials such as markers, colored pencils, pastels, colored inks and airbrush colors. Many of these materials are manufactured for temporary artwork and may contain pigments and dyes that fade in a relatively short time. Product labels and manufacturers’ literature do not always supply the information necessary to distinguish products that are stable to light from those that are not. This practice makes it possible to check the general lightfastness of coloring materials to be used in works of art; however, Test Methods D4303 must be used if color measuring instruments and appropriate lightfastness testing apparatus are available. This practice may also be used to evaluate other types of colored materials for lightfastness.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for exposing specimens of colored art materials indoors to sunlight coming through a closed window. A card containing eight Blue Wool References2 is exposed simultaneously. Blue Wool References2 3, 6, and 7, are used as controls in determining when to remove test specimens from exposure and rate them. Test specimens are rated by assigning each specimen the number of the Blue Wool Reference that shows the same amount of color change.  
1.2 This practice may be used to indicate art materials that will change color within a few months or years in normal indoor exposure and those that will remain unchanged for a period of years. It is not rigorous enough to verify that materials will remain unchanged for more than fifty years in a home or office environment. A major consideration in developing this method was to keep it simple and short enough to be preformed without instrumentation in a comparatively short length of time.  
1.3 This practice shall be used to evaluate the lightfastness of art materials only when it is not feasible to use Test Methods D4303.  
1.4 This practice is not suitable for evaluating materials with a high oil content such as artists' oil, resin oil or alkyd paints.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all pastels meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand to another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.  
4.3 Variation in test results can be due to differences in pigment manufacture from time to time by a company, different properties of a pigment from company to company, different combinations of pigments and other ingredients, specimen preparation, thickness of pastel on substrate, different instruments and instrumental readings, variations in the surface of the specimen, and the conditions of exposure. Allowance for these variations is made by establishing lightfastness categories that include a range of color differences.  
4.4 Since a specific pastel may be unusually sensitive to some aspect of simulated daylight accelerated lightfastness testing and show a change in color that would not occur in a normal home or gallery environment, two types of exposure are required, both natural daylight and simulated daylight.  
4.5 Some variation in test results is to be expected even when the same type of exposure is repeated. Therefore, after triplicate specimens are exposed in each of the two types of exposures, the lightfastness category of the pastel by each exposure method is based on the mean of the color change of the three specimens, or two specimens if an outlier is discarded.  
4.6 If the two methods place the pastel in the same lightfastness category, the pastel is assigned to that category. If the pastel is placed in different lightfastness categories by the two methods, either the pastel is placed in the poorer of the two categories or a retest is conducted using the test method that yielded the poorer lightfastness c...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists' pastels.  
1.2 This specification includes requirements for identification and lightfastness.  
1.3 Pastel specimens are exposed to both natural daylight through window glass and window glass-filtered simulated daylight radiation to determine the lightfastness category for each pastel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Artists have available to them a wide variety of art materials such as markers, colored pencils, pastels, colored inks and airbrush colors. Many of these materials are manufactured for temporary artwork and may contain pigments and dyes that fade in a relatively short time. Product labels and manufacturers’ literature do not always supply the information necessary to distinguish products that are stable to light from those that are not. This practice makes it possible to check the general lightfastness of coloring materials to be used in works of art; however, Test Methods D4303 must be used if color measuring instruments and appropriate lightfastness testing apparatus are available. This practice may also be used to evaluate other types of colored materials for lightfastness.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for exposing specimens of colored art materials indoors to sunlight coming through a closed window. A card containing eight Blue Wool References2 is exposed simultaneously. Blue Wool References2 3, 6, and 7, are used as controls in determining when to remove test specimens from exposure and rate them. Test specimens are rated by assigning each specimen the number of the Blue Wool Reference that shows the same amount of color change.  
1.2 This practice may be used to indicate art materials that will change color within a few months or years in normal indoor exposure and those that will remain unchanged for a period of years. It is not rigorous enough to verify that materials will remain unchanged for more than fifty years in a home or office environment. A major consideration in developing this method was to keep it simple and short enough to be preformed without instrumentation in a comparatively short length of time.  
1.3 This practice shall be used to evaluate the lightfastness of art materials only when it is not feasible to use Test Methods D4303.  
1.4 This practice is not suitable for evaluating materials with a high oil content such as artists' oil, resin oil or alkyd paints.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect. This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group, and does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards. Also, this practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents adverse chronic health effects. Labels should include the signal word WARNING, list of potentially chronic hazards, name of chronically hazardous component(s), safe handling instructions, list of sensitizing components, information sources, labeling content and product size, and other supplementary information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials and provides hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This practice concerns those chronic health hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s), when the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist (see 2.1.11) has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).  
1.2 This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.  
1.3 Labeling determinations shall consider reasonable foreseeable use or misuse. The responsibility for precautionary labeling rests with the producer or repackager who markets the materials for art or craft use.  
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents chronic health hazards.  
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards in accordance with chemical substance labeling standards and practices, such as another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes, regulations, or guidelines.  
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic health hazards is incomplete and warnings cannot cover all uses of any product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to ensure completely safe use of an art product.  
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine individually or collectively precautionary labeling for art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a certifying organization are given in Appendix X1.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect. This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group, and does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards. Also, this practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents adverse chronic health effects. Labels should include the signal word WARNING, list of potentially chronic hazards, name of chronically hazardous component(s), safe handling instructions, list of sensitizing components, information sources, labeling content and product size, and other supplementary information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials and provides hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This practice concerns those chronic health hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s), when the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist (see 2.1.11) has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).  
1.2 This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.  
1.3 Labeling determinations shall consider reasonable foreseeable use or misuse. The responsibility for precautionary labeling rests with the producer or repackager who markets the materials for art or craft use.  
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents chronic health hazards.  
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards in accordance with chemical substance labeling standards and practices, such as another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes, regulations, or guidelines.  
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic health hazards is incomplete and warnings cannot cover all uses of any product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to ensure completely safe use of an art product.  
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine individually or collectively precautionary labeling for art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a certifying organization are given in Appendix X1.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The retention of chromatic properties by a colorant over a long period of years is essential in a work of art. Accelerated exposure simulates color changes that may reasonably be expected. The producer and the user of artists' materials, therefore, can be apprised of suitable colorants.  
5.2 Variations in results may be expected between the test methods. Also, some variation may be expected when the same test is repeated. Variations in Methods A and B are due to differences in outdoor conditions that are not accounted for in testing to equivalent radiant exposures. Information on sources of variability and strategies for addressing variability in laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
5.3 This standard does not cover factors other than lightfastness that can affect the permanence of art materials.
SCOPE
1.1 Four test methods to accelerate the effects of long term indoor illumination on artists’ materials are described below. One of the natural daylight methods and one of the xenon-arc methods are used to categorize the lightfastness of colorants.  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Exposure in southern Florida to natural daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Exposure in Arizona to natural daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.3 Test Method C—Exposure in a non-humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.1.4 Test Method D—Exposure in a humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.  
1.2 These test methods are used to approximate the color change that can be expected over time in colorants used in artists' materials exposed indoors to daylight through window glass.  
Note 1: The color changes that result from accelerated exposure may not duplicate the results of normal indoor exposure in a home, art gallery, or museum. The relative resistance to change, however, can be established so colored materials can be assigned to categories of relative lightfastness.
Note 2: Users who wish to test colored materials under fluorescent illumination should consult Practice D4674.  
1.3 Lightfastness categories are established to which colorants are assigned based on the color difference between specimens before and after exposure.  
1.4 Color difference units are calculated by the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color difference equation.  
1.5 These test methods apply to colored artists’ materials.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds. It indicates the conditions that affect the quality of acrylic dispersion grounds that are not covered in the specification, such as wet ground properties, dry properties, and storage. This specification also mentions several methods that are used to test some of these conditions, including adhesion, oil hold out, and flexibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.  
5.2 Artists’ tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.  
5.3 Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists’ tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.  
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints. Lightfastness determination, exposure tests, and mean color difference calculation shall be conducted to meet the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.    
Colour Index Name  
Lightfastness Category  
Common Name and Chemical Class  
Colour Index Number  
Acrylic  
YELLOWS  
PY 3  
II  
Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow  
11710  
PY 35  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM)  
77205  
PY 35:1  
I  
Cadmium-(hue designation), cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM)  
77205:1  
PY 37  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfate (CC) (SM)  
77199  
PY 37:1  
I  
Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM)  
77199:1  
PY 42  
I  
Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Yellow Iron Oxide,
synthetic hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 42  
I  
Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Orange, synthetic hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 43  
I  
Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide  
77492  
PY 53  
I  
Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium  
77788  
PY 65  
I  
Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hansa Yellow RN, arylide yellow  
11740  
PY 73  
I  
Arylide Yellow GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow GX, arylide yellow  
11738  
PY 74 (LF)  
I  
Arylide Yellow 5Gx, with option of adding Hansa Yellow 5GX, arylide yellow  
11741  
PY 83 (HR70)  
I  
Diarylide Yellow HR70, diarylide yellow  
21108  
PY 97  
I  
Arylide Yellow FGL, arylide yellow  
11767  
PY 98  
I  
Arylide Yellow 10GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow 10GX, arylide yellow  
11727  
PY 108  
I  
Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, anthrapyrimidine  
68420  
PY 109  
I  
Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachloroisoindolinone  
NA  
PY 110  
I  
Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachloroisoindolinone  
56280  
PY 112  
I  
Flavanthrone Yellow, flavanthrone  
70600  
PY 138  
I  
Quinophthalone Yellow, quinophthalone  
56300  
PY 139  
I  
Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline  
NA  
PY 150  
I  
Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel complex azo  
NA  
PY 151  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H4G, benzimidazolone  
13980  
PY 153  
I  
Nickel Dioxine Yellow, dioxine yellow nickel complex  
NA  
PY 154  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H3G, benzimidazolone  
11781  
PY 175  
I  
Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H6G, benzimidazolone  
11784  
PY 184  
I  
Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, bismuth vanadate  
NA  
ORANGES  
PO 5  
II  
Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM)  
12075  
PO 20  
I  
Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC)  
77202  
PO 20:1  
I  
Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfoselenide coprecipitated with barium sulfate  
77202:1  
PO 23  
I  
Cadmium Vermilion Orange, concentrated cadmium ...

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. (A) Color Index Number 77491 can be used as an alternate to 77492 for PBr 7.(B) Information on white pigments is given in Appendix X3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of accelerating the tendency of a material toward spontaneous heating that may eventually lead to a fire. It is applicable to liquids and pastes.  
5.2 The spontaneous heating behavior of an oil-based material is affected by such factors as the availability of oxygen, the amount of driers present, the degree of polymerization of oils, the surface area of the cellulose material, measures to prevent heat dissipation, and the amount of oil in contact with cellulose material. The degree of spontaneous heating bears little relationship to the type of cellulose material to which an oil-based material comes in contact or whether or not oil soaked materials are first air dried. Small amounts of contaminants, such as oil paint, quartz dust, dirt or drier (for example, materials that might be found on a dirty, oil-soaked rag), can act as catalysts for this reaction.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure to determine the self heating tendency of oil-based materials by exposure to elevated temperatures in air in a controlled semi-adiabatic system.  
1.2 This test method has been developed to address an urgent need to identify oil-based materials that may require labeling for spontaneous heating tendency. Studies based on this test method may allow the development of a practice to identify such oil-based materials.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For safety concerns specific to disposal of solvent-soaked rags, see Appendix X1.

ABSTRACT
This standard specification establishes quality requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists' colored pencils. This specification also covers vehicles and additives. Labeling requirements shall include company or brand name, identification number, country of origin, colour index names, lightfastness, pencil type, name and address of manufacturer, constitution number, toxicity, and statement of conformance. Additives for colored pencils shall include thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, wax, oil, and humectants. The pencil shall be capable of applying an even coating without scratch marks and without excessive breaking. Lightfastness, color difference test, exposure to natural daylight through window glass, and exposure to Xenon-arc radiation shall be done in accordance with the ASTM standard testing method using white, uncoated, neutral pH, buffered paper or board, without optical brighteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists’ colored pencils.  
1.2 This specification covers vehicles and additives. Requirements are included for identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Colored pencil specimens are exposed to both natural daylight through window glass and simulated window glass-filtered daylight radiation to determine the lightfastness rating for each pencil.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of measuring whether or not an aerosol product may present an aspiration risk if a dispensed aerosol gets into one’s mouth.  
4.2 The degree of risk for aspiration of an aerosol depends both on spray pattern as well as aerosol deposition rate.2  
4.3 This test method will be used to determine the need for child-resistant packaging of aerosol products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure to determine the aspiration potential of aerosol products by determining spray pattern and aerosol deposition rates.  
1.2 This test method has been developed to address a need to identify which aerosol products may present an aspiration risk such that special labeling and/or child-resistant packaging would be appropriate. Studies based on this method may allow the development of a practice to identify such aerosol products.  
1.3 Although this method may be useful for testing non-pressurized aerosol products, its development has been limited to testing pressurized aerosols.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This standard specification establishes quality requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists' colored pencils. This specification also covers vehicles and additives. Labeling requirements shall include company or brand name, identification number, country of origin, colour index names, lightfastness, pencil type, name and address of manufacturer, constitution number, toxicity, and statement of conformance. Additives for colored pencils shall include thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, wax, oil, and humectants. The pencil shall be capable of applying an even coating without scratch marks and without excessive breaking. Lightfastness, color difference test, exposure to natural daylight through window glass, and exposure to Xenon-arc radiation shall be done in accordance with the ASTM standard testing method using white, uncoated, neutral pH, buffered paper or board, without optical brighteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists' colored pencils.
1.2 This specification covers vehicles and additives. Requirements are included for identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Colored pencil specimens are exposed to both natural daylight through window glass and simulated window glass-filtered daylight radiation to determine the lightfastness rating for each pencil.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification establishes requirements for composition, performance, and labeling of artists’ colored pencils.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists’ oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.6 Other relevant information, when available, should be included in the overall toxicological assessment of metal-containing art materials, such as physico-chemical properties, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), and mechanisms of toxicity of the metal(s) of interest.  
5.2 Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL.7
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal.  
1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified.  
1.3 The rational for this test method is discussed in Appendix X1.  
1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds. It indicates the conditions that affect the quality of acrylic dispersion grounds that are not covered in the specification, such as wet ground properties, dry properties, and storage. This specification also mentions several methods that are used to test some of these conditions, including adhesion, oil hold out, and flexibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies test methods which measure minimum qualities for acrylic dispersion grounds.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect. This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group, and does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards. Also, this practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents adverse chronic health effects. Labels should include the signal word WARNING, list of potentially chronic hazards, name of chronically hazardous component(s), safe handling instructions, list of sensitizing components, information sources, labeling content and product size, and other supplementary information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials and provides hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This practice concerns those chronic health hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s), when the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist (see 2.1.11) has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).
1.2 This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.
1.3 Labeling determinations shall consider reasonable foreseeable use or misuse. The responsibility for precautionary labeling rests with the producer or repackager who markets the materials for art or craft use.
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents chronic health hazards.  
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards in accordance with chemical substance labeling standards and practices, such as another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes, regulations, or guidelines.
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic health hazards is incomplete and warnings cannot cover all uses of any product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to ensure completely safe use of an art product.
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine individually or collectively precautionary labeling for art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a certifying organization are given in Appendix X1.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints. Pigments, vehicles, and additives are covered and requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time. The following materials and equipment shall be used in lighfastness determination: aluminum exposure panels, posterboard, titanium dioxide acrylic dispersion paint, paint brush and soft hair brush. Exposure test shall be conducted and mean color difference shall be calculated.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect. This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group, and does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards. Also, this practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents adverse chronic health effects. Labels should include the signal word WARNING, list of potentially chronic hazards, name of chronically hazardous component(s), safe handling instructions, list of sensitizing components, information sources, labeling content and product size, and other supplementary information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials and provides hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This practice concerns those chronic health hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s), when the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist (see 2.1.11) has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).
1.2 This practice applies exclusively to art materials packaged in sizes intended for individual users of any age or those participating in a small group.
1.3 Labeling determinations shall consider reasonable foreseeable use or misuse. The responsibility for precautionary labeling rests with the producer or repackager who markets the materials for art or craft use.
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for determining whether a substance or product presents chronic health hazards.  
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately labeled for known chronic health hazards in accordance with chemical substance labeling standards and practices, such as another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes, regulations, or guidelines.
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic health hazards is incomplete and warnings cannot cover all uses of any product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to ensure completely safe use of an art product.
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine individually or collectively precautionary labeling for art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a certifying organization are given in Appendix X1.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Quality standards for artists' paints require the evaluation of various appearance characteristics of paint films. Tinting strength determination (Test Method D4838) specifically requires the preparation of drawdowns for colorimetric measurement. Other evaluations such as color designation, transparency, gloss, and color difference measurements also require drawdown samples.
Artists' tube paints have a paste consistency that makes the use of traditional film application methods difficult, especially for drying oil paints.
Artists' paints vary in two properties important to the preparation of films, that is, transparency and drying time. Colorimetric determination and some other types of evaluation require paint specimens that completely hide the substrate. Very transparent paints require such a thick film to produce complete hiding that drying times is excessively long or the specimen surface is blemished. When complete hiding is necessary, this practice is designed to provide opaque films without these defects through application of a series of thin films.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists' tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints. Lightfastness determination, exposure tests, and mean color difference calculation shall be conducted to meet the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
X2.1.1 This test method is used to test opacity of paints. Several drawdown bars having different aperture sizes are used.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The retention of chromatic properties by a colorant over a long period of years is essential in a work of art. Accelerated exposure simulates color changes that may reasonably be expected. The producer and the user of artists' materials, therefore, can be apprised of suitable colorants.  
Variations in results may be expected between the test methods. Also, some variation may be expected when the same test is repeated. Variations in Methods A and B are due to differences in outdoor conditions that are not accounted for in testing to equivalent radiant exposures. Information on sources of variability and strategies for addressing variability in laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
This standard does not cover factors other than lightfastness that can affect the permanence of art materials.
SCOPE
1.1 Four test methods to accelerate the effects of long term indoor illumination on artists' materials are described below. One of the natural daylight methods and one of the xenon-arc methods are used to categorize the lightfastness of colorants.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Exposure in southern Florida to natural daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Exposure in Arizona to natural daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Exposure in a non-humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Exposure in a humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.
1.2 These test methods are used to approximate the color change that can be expected over time in colorants used in artists' materials exposed indoors to daylight through window glass.
Note 1—The color changes that result from accelerated exposure may not duplicate the results of normal indoor exposure in a home, art gallery, or museum. The relative resistance to change, however, can be established so colored materials can be assigned to categories of relative lightfastness.  
Note 2—Users who wish to test colored materials under fluorescent illumination should consult Practice D4674.
1.3 Lightfastness categories are established to which colorants are assigned based on the color difference between specimens before and after exposure.
1.4 Color difference units are calculated by the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color difference equation.
1.5 These test methods apply to colored artists' materials.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Artists have available to them a wide variety of art materials such as markers, colored pencils, pastels, colored inks and airbrush colors. Many of these materials are manufactured for temporary artwork and may contain pigments and dyes that fade in a relatively short time. Product labels and manufacturers' literature do not always supply the information necessary to distinguish products that are stable to light from those that are not. This practice makes it possible to check the general lightfastness of coloring materials to be used in works of art; however, Test Methods D4303 must be used if color measuring instruments and appropriate lightfastness testing apparatus are available. This practice may also be used to evaluate other types of colored materials for lightfastness.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for exposing specimens of colored art materials indoors to sunlight coming through a closed window. A card containing eight Blue Wool References is exposed simultaneously. Blue Wool References 3, 6, and 7, are used as controls in determining when to remove test specimens from exposure and rate them. Test specimens are rated by assigning each specimen the number of the Blue Wool Reference that shows the same amount of color change.
1.2 This practice may be used to indicate art materials that will change color within a few months or years in normal indoor exposure and those that will remain unchanged for a period of years. It is not rigorous enough to verify that materials will remain unchanged for more than fifty years in a home or office environment. A major consideration in developing this method was to keep it simple and short enough to be preformed without instrumentation in a comparatively short length of time.
1.3 This practice shall only be used to evaluate the lightfastness of art materials not conforming to Specifications D4302, D5098 or D5067 and when it is not feasible to use Test Methods D4303. Practice D5398, which is a simpler method, may be used by artists to evaluate the lightfastness of their own materials.
1.4 This practice is not suitable for evaluating materials with a high oil content such as artists' oil, resin oil or alkyd paints.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tinting strength may be one factor in judging the relative economic value of paints, since pigment concentration contributes to strength in a major way; other factors are formulation and color development in grinding. The user may also select products for other properties, such as transparency, that are accompanied by different tinting strengths. The results of this test method may be used for production control or quality comparisons.
The product with the greatest or the least tinting strength may not be the most desirable for a given artistic use. For example, low tinting strength may lead to the need to use an excessively high pigment concentration to obtain a desired color effect, and this may lead to defects in the dry paint film.
This test method applies only to single-pigment paints. The tinting strength of paints that contain two or more chromatic pigments with different optical properties cannot be evaluated by this test method.
The term “similar chemical type” used in 1.1 does not limit the ingredients in the paints to identity, but refers to compatibility in the case of vehicles and to similarity in the case of pigment types.
While the instrumental evaluation of tinting strength is described, visual comparisons can also be used, with lower precision, and should be made to provide confirmation of the instrumental and computational results.
If the sample and standard are widely different in appearance when prepared at the same ratio of chromatic to white paint, another sample should be prepared to bring the two closer in appearance, to obtain the most accurate results.
The quantities of chromatic and white paints mixed must be accurately known, on either a weight or a volume basis, but the concentration of pigment in the chromatic paint need not be known.
When the paints being compared have the same vehicle and pigment (same Colour Index name and number) the values of uncorrected tinting strength from 9.1 and corrected tinting strength from 9....
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the absorption tinting strength of a chromatic test paint relative to that of a standard or reference paint of the same chemical type. The procedures are based on dilution of the paints with a standard mixing white paint, followed by instrumental measurement and calculation. Provision is made for correcting the results for small differences in hue or chroma, or both, between the test and reference chromatic paints.
1.2 This test method is intended for the comparison of paints containing the same type of vehicle (acrylic, alkyd, or oil) and single-pigment colorants of the same Colour Index name and number. The amounts of the pigment and of the other components of the paint need not be known.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This acid extraction method is intended to indicate the solubility of metals from art materials in a weak acid medium. This test method may be useful as one indicator of the amount of metal that is readily available for absorption. It is not meant as a replacement for in vivo tests of absorption of a metal.5  
Maximum levels of metal extraction are seen with this test method when results are 250 ppm or less. If results are greater than 250 ppm, the extractant volume should be increased to 100 mL or greater to keep metal levels in the eluate at a level of 5 ppm or less.6
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the extraction of metals from art materials using an extractant that simulates the acid potential of gastric juice. This test method is similar to the extraction method in Specification F 963, except that it requires conducting extraction steps at body temperature instead of at room temperature. The extraction procedure specified in this test method is more rigorous than that noted in Specification F 963 because the procedure causes the extraction of a larger quantity of metal.
1.2 This test method is adapted from the European Toy Safety Standard, EN 71-3:1994 but differs from it in that a solvent extraction step is not required for processing waxes or oil-based products and no specific acceptable metal levels are specified.
1.3 The rational for this test method is discussed in .
1.4 This test method should be used on the art material as a whole and not an art material ingredient. Testing the art material as whole would be expected to give a more accurate estimate of soluble metal than from an extrapolation from testing ingredients.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of accelerating the tendency of a material toward spontaneous heating that may eventually lead to a fire. It is applicable to liquids and pastes.
The spontaneous heating behavior of an oil-based material is affected by such factors as the availability of oxygen, the amount of driers present, the degree of polymerization of oils, the surface area of the cellulose material, measures to prevent heat dissipation, and the amount of oil in contact with cellulose material. The degree of spontaneous heating bears little relationship to the type of cellulose material to which an oil-based material comes in contact or whether or not oil soaked materials are first air dried. Small amounts of contaminants, such as oil paint, quartz dust, dirt or drier (for example, materials that might be found on a dirty, oil-soaked rag), can act as catalysts for this reaction.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small-scale laboratory procedure to determine the self heating tendency of oil-based materials by exposure to elevated temperatures in air in a controlled semi-adiabatic system.
1.2 This test method has been developed to address an urgent need to identify oil-based materials that may require labeling for spontaneous heating tendency. Studies based on this test method may allow the development of a practice to identify such oil-based materials.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For safety concerns specific to disposal of solvent-soaked rags, see Appendix X1.

SCOPE
1.1 Four test methods to accelerate the effects of long term indoor illumination on artists' materials are described below. One of the natural daylight methods and one of the xenon-arc methods are used to categorize the lightfastness of colorants.
1.1.1 Test Method AExposure in southern Florida to natural daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.2 Test Method BExposure in Arizona to natural daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.3 Test Method CExposure in a non-humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.
1.1.4 Test Method DExposure in a humidity controlled xenon-arc device simulating daylight filtered through window glass.
1.2 These test methods are used to approximate the color change that can be expected over time in colorants used in artists' materials exposed indoors to daylight through window glass. Note 1The color changes that result from accelerated exposure may not duplicate the results of normal indoor exposure in a home, art gallery, or museum. The relative resistance to change, however, can be established so colored materials can be assigned to categories of relative lightfastness.Note 2
Users who wish to test colored materials under fluorescent illumination should consult Practice D 4674.
1.3 Lightfastness categories are established to which colorants are assigned based on the color difference between specimens before and after exposure.
1.4 Color difference units are calculated by the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color difference equation.
1.5 These test methods apply to colored artists' materials.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method is used to test opacity of paints. Several drawdown bars having different aperture sizes are used.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the production of uniform films of artists' tube paints and other nonflowing pigmented paints using paint applicators designed for less viscous paints.
1.2 Information on how to achieve opaque specimens from these paints is included.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints. Pigments, vehicles, and additives are covered and requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time. The following materials and equipment shall be used in lighfastness determination: aluminum exposure panels, posterboard, titanium dioxide acrylic dispersion paint, paint brush and soft hair brush. Exposure test shall be conducted and mean color difference shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This pertains only ot the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints. Lightfastness determination, exposure tests, and mean color difference calculation shall be conducted to meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method is used to test opacity of paints. Several drawdown bars having different aperture sizes are used.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5This pertains only ot the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.