91.010 - Construction industry
ICS 91.010 Details
Construction industry
Bauwesen
Industrie de la construction
Gradbeništvo
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.010 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Construction industry". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1032 standards classified under ICS 91.010 (Construction industry). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides general product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for wood and wood-based products, including wood-based panels, for use in construction and related construction and in-service processes.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804 and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804.
This document does not cover the assessment of social and economic performances at product level.
The core PCR:
— define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
— describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
— define rules for the development of scenarios;
— include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
— include the rules for reporting predetermined, environmental and health information, that is not covered by LCA for a product, construction process and construction service where necessary;
— define the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services, the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
Additionally, to the common parts of EN 15804, this document for wood and wood-based products:
— defines the system boundaries;
— defines the rules for modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics such as carbon content and net calorific value of wood;
— defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the wood chain;
— defines allocation procedures for reuse, recycling and energy recovery;
— includes the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the assessment of carbon and net calorific value of wood;
— provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL).
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the concepts and definitions and is the first part of a set of standards to define the framework for digital twins in the built environment. It includes the terms and definitions, the relation with building information modelling and addresses the lack of standards for the qualitative specification of a digital twin, which can include geometric, attributive, structural and infrastructural quality, as applicable.
This document is based on the experiences obtained in use cases [1] and documents from other technical committees, including ISO/IEC 30173.
This document can be used in the development of other standards and in support of communications among diverse, interested parties or stakeholders. This initiative aims to define an ecosystem of digital twins opening the opportunity to release even greater value, using data for the public good.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides general product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for wood and wood-based products, including wood-based panels, for use in construction and related construction and in-service processes.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804 and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804.
This document does not cover the assessment of social and economic performances at product level.
The core PCR:
— define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
— describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
— define rules for the development of scenarios;
— include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
— include the rules for reporting predetermined, environmental and health information, that is not covered by LCA for a product, construction process and construction service where necessary;
— define the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services, the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
Additionally, to the common parts of EN 15804, this document for wood and wood-based products:
— defines the system boundaries;
— defines the rules for modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics such as carbon content and net calorific value of wood;
— defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the wood chain;
— defines allocation procedures for reuse, recycling and energy recovery;
— includes the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment underlying the EPD, including the assessment of carbon and net calorific value of wood;
— provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL).
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1995-2
(1) This document gives general design rules for the structural parts of bridges, i.e. structural members of importance for the reliability of the whole bridge or major parts of it, made of timber or other wood-based materials, either singly or compositely with concrete, steel or other materials.
(2) Prestressed timber-concrete composite (TCC) members are not covered by this document. The design of stress-laminated timber decks used as part of a TCC system is covered.
(3) Systems which rely on friction between wood and concrete are not covered by this document.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) It is assumed that the requirements for execution given in EN 1995 3 are complied with.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1991 1 8
(1) EN 1991 1 8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone, i.e. works connected to, or in close vicinity to the shore.
NOTE 1 Provisions in EN 1991 1 8 are limited to hydrodynamic actions that can be directly quantified in terms of wave and/or current induced pressures and associated forces and moments on structures or structural parts.
NOTE 2 As opposed to offshore conditions, waves or currents in the coastal zone are generally affected by the presence of the seabed or shore.
NOTE 3 The coastal zone is typically defined as the area between the shoreline and the deep-water limit.
(2) EN 1991 1 8 describes the principles for defining the hydrodynamic conditions to be used for design, including sea water levels.
(3) EN 1991 1 8 addresses specifically actions from currents and waves on the following structure types:
— cylindrical structures;
— subsea pipelines;
— suspended decks;
— vertical face structures;
— permanently moored floating structures.
NOTE 1 Additional guidance can be needed for:
— moored structures in the coastal zone for renewable energy production or related to oil and gas production or processing;
— moored structures spanning areas with variable wave and current states (e.g. floating aquaculture farms or floating bridges).
NOTE 2 For hydraulic pressures caused by quasi-static water levels, and ground water, see EN 1997 (all parts).
(4) Actions addressed in EN 1991 1 8 do not cover:
— hydraulic resonance in sheltered areas or basins (phenomena also known as harbour resonance);
— translation waves, e.g. tsunamis;
— waves and currents induced by maritime operations, i.e. vessel wake, berthing and mooring;
— hydrodynamic actions induced by earthquakes;
— ice-induced pressures and forces;
— coastal structures where flood risk and/or erosion or sediment management is the dominant function.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) In addition, it is assumed that actions from waves and currents on coastal structures are determined by personnel appropriately qualified and experienced in the following fields:
a) physical coastal environment including physics of waves and currents, statistical properties and propagation of such;
b) marine hydrodynamics, wave and current interaction with structures in general and wave and current actions on structures in the coastal zone including i) fixed structures, and ii) floating structures;
c) advanced methods including probabilistic methodology and physical model testing.
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EN 1998-1-2 is applicable to the design and verification of new buildings and temporary structures in seismic regions.
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(1) EN 1994-1-2 gives rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for the accidental design situation of fire exposure. It only identifies differences from, or supplements to, rules for normal temperature design.
(2) EN 1994-1-2 only applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN1994-1-1 and are designed accordingly.
- Draft136 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1991-1-6
(1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage.
NOTE Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution.
(2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards.
NOTE Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution.
(3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990.
NOTE For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply.
(2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently.
(3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment.
(4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account.
(5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties.
NOTE Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.
- Draft32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
(1) This document provides provisions for the assessment of existing structures, including geotechnical structures, and the general principles for interventions, to be used in conjunction with prEN 1990-1.
NOTE This document is based on the general requirements and principles of structural reliability provided in prEN 1990-1.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, prEN 1990-1 applies.
(3) This document covers general principles regarding actions for assessment, complementing EN 1991 (all parts).
NOTE Provisions for seismic actions due to earthquake are provided in EN 1998-3.
(4) This document does not cover the design of new structural parts that will be integrated into an existing structure.
NOTE For the design of new structural parts, see prEN 1990-1.
(5) This document does not provide:
— specific rules for initiation of assessment;
— specific rules on how to undertake interventions that may be carried out as a result of an assessment;
— material-specific technical provisions for existing structures;
— provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures.
NOTE For provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures, see EN 1998-3.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-4-2
(1) EN 1993 4 2 provides rules for structural design of vertical cylindrical, conical and pedestal above-ground steel tanks for the storage of liquids and refrigerated liquefied gas products.
(2) This document is applicable to the design for resistance of cylindrical walls and flat bottoms constructed using unstiffened plates. The design of conical and dome roofs as shell structures (unsupported) or as supported on a structural framework (supported) are also covered.
(3) This document is only applicable to the requirements for resistance and structural stability of steel tanks.
(4) Further guidance on design aspects other than the structural design can be obtained from EN 14015 or the EN 14620 series, as applicable.
(5) This document only covers steel tank structures in Tank Groups 1, 2 and 3, as defined in this document.
NOTE Tank Group 4 is not defined in this document (see 3.1.40).
(6) This document is applicable to tanks within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
- tank aspect ratio hS/d < 10
- tank total height hS < 70 m
- tank diameter d < 100 m
(7) This document includes suitable rules for the design of tanks intended to store solids suspended in a liquid, where the appropriate global density of the mixture is used.
NOTE Tanks used for the separation of mineral particles of different density fall into this category.
(8) This document does not apply to the following:
a) tanks with gross capacity less than 5 m3 (5 000 l);
b) dished-end tanks that have a diameter less than 5 m;
c) tanks with characteristic internal pressures above the liquid surface greater than 50 kPa (500 mbar) (see pressure equipment directive);
d) design metal temperatures outside the ranges defined in Clause 5;
e) tanks of rectangular and other non-circular planforms;
f) tanks exposed to fire;
g) floating roofs and floating covers;
h) ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, nozzles, piping and access doors.
(9) This document does not cover:
a) the special requirements for seismic design of tanks;
b) the design of a supporting structure;
c) the design of ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, pipe racks and ladders;
d) the design of an aluminium roof structure on a steel tank;
e) reinforced concrete foundations for steel tanks;
f) the design of a conical hopper;
g) the design of a transition junction between the base of a cylindrical shell wall and a conical hopper;
h) the design of a supporting ring girder in an elevated tank.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, the EN 1991 series and the EN 1993-1 series apply.
(2) The design methods given in this document apply if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material standards, see Clause 5.
NOTE Further guidance on execution and material choice can be obtained from the documents EN 14015 or EN 14620 2, as applicable.
(3) This document applies to axisymmetric structures, but includes the effects of unsymmetrical actions (e.g. wind), and unsymmetrically supported tanks (e.g. on discrete supports).
(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, with EN 1991-4, with the other Parts of EN 1991, with EN 1993-1-6 and EN 1993-4-1, with the other Parts of EN 1993, with EN 1992 and with the other Parts of EN 1994 to EN 1999 relevant to the design of tanks. Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated.
(5) Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and quality management applies.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-6
(1) EN 1993-6 provides rules for structural design of crane supporting structures.
(2) EN 1993-6 is applicable to crane supporting structures, especially to indoor and outdoor overhead crane runway beams, of:
a) overhead travelling cranes, either:
— top-mounted cranes;
— underslung cranes;
b) monorail hoist blocks.
NOTE The principles of the design rules can be applied to supporting structures of other types of cranes making due allowance for differences in the crane-induced actions, if exist. For example, the design rules for supporting structures of the cranes listed in (2) assume that the horizontal crane loads occur randomly scattered along the runways in general. This assumption does not apply to other cranes such as travelling wall jib cranes.
(3) EN 1993-6 does not apply to the tracks and suspensions of light crane systems conforming to EN 16851, see Figure 1.1.
NOTE The standardized tracks and suspensions of light crane systems are considered as parts of the crane.
[Figure 1.1 — Light crane system]
(4) Additional rules are given for ancillary runway items including crane rails, structural end stops, surge connectors and surge girders and for runway supporting structures.
(5) EN 1993-6 does not apply to cranes and all other moving parts.
NOTE Provisions for cranes are given in EN 13001 (all parts) in general and for bridge and gantry cranes in EN 15011 in particular.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-6 are applicable if
— the execution quality and tolerances are as specified in EN 1090-2, and;
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) Following interfaces between hoisting device and its supporting structure are assumed:
a) the top of crane rail for top-mounted cranes;
b) the top of flange on which the crane or hoist block operates for underslung cranes and monorail hoist blocks;
c) the support points as shown in Figure 1.1 for light crane systems.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-4
(1) This document gives rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes actions applied to the whole structure or parts of it, as well as wind-exposed elements attached to the structure.
(2) This document is applicable to:
- buildings and other civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m;
- guyed masts, other open lattice structures and chimneys with heights up to 300 m;
- bridges having no span greater than 200 m.
(3) The rules contained in this document allow the evaluation of characteristic wind actions on land-based structures.
(4) This document is applicable to offshore coastal structures.
NOTE Additional or amended provisions can be necessary.
(5) This document does not give guidance on non-synoptic winds (e.g. thunderstorms, downbursts, microbursts, tornadoes, etc.), mixed wind climates, nor does it give guidance on how to account for local effects (e.g. thermal effects, funnelling, strong arctic thermal surface inversion, etc.).
(6) This document addresses simplified procedures for dynamic effects, mostly based on the assumption of a dominant single-mode response (see Annex E, Annex F and Annex G). General criteria for performing a full dynamic analysis under aerodynamic excitation are not treated in this document.
(7) Wind pressure effects of passing vehicles are outside the scope of this document.
NOTE See EN 1991 2 for wind effects from passing trains.
8) This document also provides guidance on wind tunnel testing and numerical modelling which can be needed or desirable when the shape or structural behaviour are unusual or do not strictly fall within the rules of the document, or in cases of unusual orography or other surroundings.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, 1.2 apply.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1994-1-1
(1) EN 1994-1-1 gives general rules for the design of steel and concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific for buildings.
NOTE Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply to EN 1994-1-1.
(2) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990-1, the assumptions given in EN 1992-1-1, EN 1992-1-2, and EN 1993-1-1 apply to this document.
(3) EN 1994-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1992-1-1, EN 1993 (all parts), EN 1997 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts when steel and concrete composite structures are built in seismic regions), EN 1090-1, EN 1090-2, EN 1090-4, EN 13670 and ENs for construction products relevant to steel and concrete composite structures.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-3
(1) This document provides rules for structural design of towers, masts and chimney structures, that fall into any of the following classifications, with the exceptions given in (3), (4) and (5).
(2) This document is applicable to:
a) self-supporting towers and guyed masts with or without attachments. The shafts of towers and masts can be of lattice type or of circular or polygonal cross-section;
b) chimney structures of circular cross-section that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed.
NOTE 1 The structures are mainly exposed to wind loading.
NOTE 2 For overhead transmission line towers, see also the EN 50341 series.
(3) This document does not apply to:
a) polygonal and circular lighting columns covered by the EN 40 series;
NOTE The EN 40 series specifies the requirements and dimensions for lighting columns and it applies to post top columns not exceeding 20 m height and to post top lanterns and columns with brackets not exceeding 18 m height for side entry lanterns.
b) wind turbine towers (see the EN IEC 61400 series);
c) overhead line towers covered by the EN 50341 series.
(4) This document does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in the EN 1998 series.
(5) Special measures that might be necessary to limit the consequences of accidents are not covered in this document. For resistance to fire, see EN 1993-1-2.
(6) Provisions for the guys of guyed structures are given in EN 1993-1-11 and supplemented in this document.
(7) For provisions concerning aspects such as chemical attack, thermo-dynamical performance or thermal insulation of chimneys, see EN 13084-1. For the design of liners, see EN 13084-6.
NOTE 1 Foundations are covered in the EN 1997 series. See also EN 13084-1.
NOTE 2 Wind loads and procedures for the wind response of structures are specified in EN 1991-1-4.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in this document are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in Annex E and EN 1090-2 and for the execution of chimneys, also in EN 13084-6,
and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or, for materials other than steel, in the relevant material and product specifications.
NOTE Execution is covered in this document to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1991-3
(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures.
(2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions.
(3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of
— bridge cranes, gantry cranes and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways;
— fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures.
(4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3).
(5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions.
NOTE For partial factors for actions, see EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, Clause A.5.
(6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) The design of structures supporting cranes or machines is undertaken using information on actions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or machine.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993 4 1
(1) prEN 1993 4 1 provides rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free-standing (on ground) or supported on a structural framework (elevated).
(2) prEN 1993 4 1 is applicable to silos constructed from isotropic rolled plates that are stiffened or unstiffened, from corrugated sheeting that is stiffened or unstiffened and from flat or corrugated plates assembled into box structures of different geometries. It applies to vertical walls, hoppers, roof structures, transition junctions and support structures.
(3) prEN 1993 4 1 does not apply to storage vessels for silage and haylage, or to the storage of materials that are not free-flowing (see EN 1991 4). This Part 4-1 also does not cover:
- resistance to fire;
- cylindrical silos with internal subdivisions;
- internal structures within a single silo (except for internal ties, as defined in 12.5);
- silos with capacity less than 100 kN (10 tonnes);
- hoppers that are supported on a structural framework;
- cases where special measures are necessary to limit the consequences of accidents.
(4) This document is applicable to silos within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4):
- Silo aspect ratio hb/dc < 10
- Silo total height hb < 70 m
- Silo equivalent diameter dc < 60 m
NOTE These dimensional limitations are more limited than those of EN 1991-4 which also applies to silos constructed from other materials.
(5) Where this standard applies to circular planform silos, the geometric form is restricted to axisymmetric structures, but unsymmetrical actions on them and supports that induce forces in the silo structure that are not axisymmetric are included.
(6) This part is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos. For other requirements (such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication and erection, quality control, details like man-holes, flanges, filling devices, outlet gates and feeders, etc.), see other relevant standards and information.
(7) This part is concerned with both isolated silo structures and silos that are connected to others to form a battery of silos, but throughout this document the term silo refers to a single cell within a battery.
(8) Provisions relating to special requirements of seismic design are provided in EN 1998 4, which complements or adapts the provisions of Eurocode 3 specifically for this purpose.
(9) The structural design of supporting structures for the silo are dealt with in EN 1993 1 1. The supporting structure is deemed to consist of all structural elements beneath the bottom flange of the lowest ring of the silo (see Figure 1.1), though information on some forms of support structure is given in Clause 8 of this document.
(10) Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel silos are dealt with in EN 1992 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts).
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993 4 1 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
Figure 1.1 - Terminology used in silo structures
...
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1.1 Scope of EN 1991-4
(1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks.
NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids.
NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3.
NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4.
(2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them.
NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data.
(3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures.
NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials.
(4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project.
NOTE 1 Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos.
NOTE 2 Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.
(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990 1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks.
1.3 Limitations on silos
1.3.1 Geometrical limitations
(1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos and silo batteries (see 3.2.59 and 3.2.60) covered by this document:
- the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c.
NOTE 1 Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7.
NOTE 2 For the determination of the effective diameter dc of the silo see Figure 1.1c;
- the following dimensional limitations on the aspect ratio for free-standing single cell silos hc/dc, the overall height hb and the effective diameter dc apply (see Figure 1.1):
hc/dc < 10 (1.1)
hb < 100 m (1.2)
dc < 60 m (1.3)
NOTE 3 See Figure 1.1 for hc, dc and hb.
- the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a).
[Figure 1.1 - Silo forms showing dimensions and pressure notation]
(2) Only hoppers that are conical (i.e. axisymmetric), rectangular pyramidal with a/b ≤ 1,5, wedge-shaped (i.e. with two vertical end walls on opposite sides) or oblique are covered by this document. Other hopper shapes and hoppers with internal structures require special considerations.
(3) Silos with an oblique conical hopper used to achieve an eccentric outlet are covered by this document.
(4) Silos with an oblique hopper are covered, but generally silos with a systematically non-symmetric geometry are not specifically covered by this document. These situations include a chisel hopper (i.e. a wedge hopper beneath a circular cylinder) and hoppers with an elongated outlet other than wedge shaped.
1.3.2 Limitations on the stored particulate solids
(1) The following limitations on the stored particulate solids apply to the design rules for silos contained in this document:
...
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1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993 2
(1) This document provides rules for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of steel-concrete composite bridges.
(2) This document is applicable to the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel bridge structures.
(3) The design of tension components and related parts is covered by EN 1993 1 11.
NOTE For the design of hangers for tied-arch bridges, additional provisions are given in Annex A.
(4) Supplementary requirements for seismic design are given in EN 1998 2.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993 2 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2 and EN 1090 4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Draft126 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, supplementary to the general rules given in EN 1994-1-1.
- Draft39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-11
(1) EN 1993-1-11 provides rules for structural design of tension components made of steel, in addition to other parts of EN 1993, for use in structures made of steel or other materials such as concrete, steel-concrete composite and timber.
(2) EN 1993-1-11 covers the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel tension elements.
(3) The following items/aspects are outside the scope of EN 1993-1-11:
— pre- or post-tensioned systems in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
— reinforcing steel as part of a concrete structure in accordance with EN 1992-1-1;
— tension components in piling;
— detailed design of terminations.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990-1, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-11 are applicable if:
— execution quality is according to EN 1090-2; and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Draft84 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a methodology for describing and managing interactions and a format for digital communication between actors in any use case associated with the management of an asset during all life cycle stages.
It provides:
— a methodology that describes an interaction framework for a use case;
— an appropriate way to map responsibilities and interactions that provides a process context for information flow;
— a format in which the interaction framework is specified and executed.
This document is intended to promote secure, verifiable, traceable and high-quality digital IDM communication between actors during all phases of the life cycle of assets, facilitate interoperability between software applications used, and to provide a basis for data- and process-driven information exchange and traceability of communication.
- Standard90 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document prescribes:
— how to document a use case with an associated business context and exchange requirements;
— a methodology to identify and specify the information exchanges required at identified times during the life cycle of assets.
This document presents the information delivery manual (IDM) in natural language terms to facilitate interoperability between software applications used during all phases of the life cycle of assets (both buildings and infrastructure). It promotes digital collaboration between actors within the identified business context and provides a basis for accurate, reliable, repeatable and high-quality information exchange.
The information delivery manual (IDM) methodology specified in this document can be applied to any information management trigger event to identify the details of the information required to be exchanged.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document addresses the development of a building commissioning (Cx) plan for new construction, major renovations, or system and assembly replacement projects. The commissioning plan incorporates commissioning activities which begin during early project stages, and continue through pre-design, design, construction, turnover and the first year of operation. The commissioning plan is developed during the design stage and also address later stages of the project. The commissioning plan presents the intended process to verify and document that the quality of the built project in operation meets the requirements of the owner. This document provides an overarching process for the planning of commissioning any aspect of a building project and is intended for use with system or discipline specific standards. This document does not include retro-commissioning or recommissioning in existing buildings.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes how product catalogue data for building services products is exchanged by means of ISO 16739-1 (Industry Foundation Classes, IFC) and EN 17549-2 from manufacturers to designers of building services systems.
This document specifies how the product catalogue structures and content are set up using the definitions stored in a data dictionary.
In scope of this document are:
— processes for the provision and exchange of product catalogues;
— rules for the geometrical representation of products;
— representation of products, product classes, ports, in/outlets, components and accessories by using IFC;
— representation of properties in IFC and the use of IFC constraints for the representation of product variants;
— representation of parametric geometry and the generation of IFC geometries for selected variants;
— calculation of article number.
The resulting product catalogue can be used by designers to select the desired products and integrate them into their model of the building services system.
The expected audience of this document are software providers for the built environment sector and professionals working in the sector who create product catalogues or use product catalogues by means of software tools.
Not in scope of this document is the representation of properties in data dictionaries. The use of data dictionaries is described in ISO 16757-4.
- Standard98 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for data dictionaries that are used by product catalogues for building services to provide the semantics of their definitions and data modelling. For this purpose, it defines an overall model that contains:
— subject kinds that allow to distinguish:
— product subjects representing products in product catalogues;
— catalogue subjects comprising meta data of product catalogues;
— various kinds of blocks that collect properties of complex product features, including ports and in/outlets;
— relationship types that allow to distinguish between different kinds of relationships like isSubtypeOf, hasPart, or hasBlock;
— property kinds to distinguish between:
— static properties describing products by providing property values in product catalogues;
— dynamic properties that describe the behaviour of products;
— external properties that represent external conditions that influence the behaviour of the product by influencing the values of dynamic properties.
This document also describes a mapping of the overall model to the data dictionary model of ISO 12006-3 by introducing a dictionary meta level.
Finally, to overcome deficiencies of the standards underlying ISO 16757-5 in capturing all aspects of product catalogues, this document provides some rules and recommendations for required data dictionary elements.
This document does not describe how product catalogues have to be organized, and it does not describe any formats for the exchange of product catalogues. Product catalogues are described in ISO 16757-5.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1995-1-1
(1) prEN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 also gives specific design rules for buildings and timber civil engineering works.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.
(2) prEN 1995-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts) when timber structures are built in seismic regions.
- Draft440 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides complementary product category rules (c-PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for windows and pedestrian doorsets as defined in EN 14351-1 and EN 14351-2. Windows and pedestrian doorsets additionally providing fire resistance and/or smoke control characteristics according to EN 16034 are also covered by this document.
NOTE 1 Windows that incorporate shutters and/or shutter boxes and/or blinds are in scope of this
c-PCR. For any connected electrical devices (e.g. motors, sensors) - see 6.3.5.2.
NOTE 2 For wood and wood-based products for use in construction, see EN 16485.
NOTE 3 For building hardware, see EN 17610.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. This document is to be used in conjunction with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, not replace it.
NOTE 4 The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document.
The core PCR:
- defines the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
- describes which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
- defines rules for the development of scenarios;
- includes the rules for calculating the Life Cycle Inventory and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
- includes the rules for reporting the predetermined, environmental and health information that is not covered by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the product, construction process(es) and construction service(s), as relevant;
- defines the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the concept of data templates developed to enable machine interpretability based on a standardized data structure, carrying the alphanumerical information for any object used in the life cycle of assets.
This document provides a description of how data templates are implemented following ISO 12006-3.
This document provides a methodology to create and maintain data templates in data dictionary.
This document provides guidance for linking between data templates and classification systems within data dictionaries based on ISO 12006-3.
This document provides an XML Schema Definition (XSD) representing an implementation of the ISO 23387 and ISO 12006-3 data models.
It is not within the scope of this document to provide the content of any data templates.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for data dictionaries that are used by product catalogues for building services to provide the semantics of their definitions and data modelling. For this purpose, it defines an overall model that contains:
— subject kinds that allow to distinguish:
— product subjects representing products in product catalogues;
— catalogue subjects comprising meta data of product catalogues;
— various kinds of blocks that collect properties of complex product features, including ports and in/outlets;
— relationship types that allow to distinguish between different kinds of relationships like isSubtypeOf, hasPart, or hasBlock;
— property kinds to distinguish between:
— static properties describing products by providing property values in product catalogues;
— dynamic properties that describe the behaviour of products;
— external properties that represent external conditions that influence the behaviour of the product by influencing the values of dynamic properties.
This document also describes a mapping of the overall model to the data dictionary model of ISO 12006-3 by introducing a dictionary meta level.
Finally, to overcome deficiencies of the standards underlying ISO 16757-5 in capturing all aspects of product catalogues, this document provides some rules and recommendations for required data dictionary elements.
This document does not describe how product catalogues have to be organized, and it does not describe any formats for the exchange of product catalogues. Product catalogues are described in ISO 16757-5.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides complementary product category rules (c-PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for windows and pedestrian doorsets as defined in EN 14351-1 and EN 14351-2. Windows and pedestrian doorsets additionally providing fire resistance and/or smoke control characteristics according to EN 16034 are also covered by this document.
NOTE 1 Windows that incorporate shutters and/or shutter boxes and/or blinds are in scope of this
c-PCR. For any connected electrical devices (e.g. motors, sensors) - see 6.3.5.2.
NOTE 2 For wood and wood-based products for use in construction, see EN 16485.
NOTE 3 For building hardware, see EN 17610.
This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. This document is to be used in conjunction with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, not replace it.
NOTE 4 The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document.
The core PCR:
- defines the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
- describes which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
- defines rules for the development of scenarios;
- includes the rules for calculating the Life Cycle Inventory and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
- includes the rules for reporting the predetermined, environmental and health information that is not covered by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the product, construction process(es) and construction service(s), as relevant;
- defines the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD.
For the EPD of construction services the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1993 5
(1) This document provides rules for the structural design of bearing piles and sheet piles made of steel.
(2) This document provides rules for the structural design of steel elements for foundations and retaining structures constructed using steel piles.
(3) This document is applicable to:
— steel piled foundations for civil engineering works on land and over water;
— temporary or permanent structures needed to carry out steel piling work;
— temporary and permanent retaining structures made of continuous steel piling.
(4) This document does not apply to:
— offshore platforms;
— dolphins;
— ground reinforcing elements.
NOTE Ground reinforcing elements include rock bolts, soil nails, sprayed concrete, wire mesh and facing elements.
(5) This document does not cover the following aspects:
— geotechnical design;
— seismic design.
NOTE 1 For geotechnical design, see EN 1997 (all parts).
NOTE 2 For the effects of ground movement caused by earthquakes, see EN 1998 (all parts).
(6) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993 1 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in EN 1993 5 are applicable if
— the execution quality for steel piles is as specified in EN 12063, EN 12699, EN 14199; and
— the execution quality for associated steel elements (such as bracing, anchors, waling, etc.) is as specified in EN 1090 2, EN 1537; and
— the execution quality for concreting of bearing piles is as specified in EN 1536; and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing.
- Draft127 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes how product catalogue data for building services products is exchanged by means of ISO 16739-1 (Industry Foundation Classes, IFC) and EN 17549-2 from manufacturers to designers of building services systems.
This document specifies how the product catalogue structures and content are set up using the definitions stored in a data dictionary.
In scope of this document are:
— processes for the provision and exchange of product catalogues;
— rules for the geometrical representation of products;
— representation of products, product classes, ports, in/outlets, components and accessories by using IFC;
— representation of properties in IFC and the use of IFC constraints for the representation of product variants;
— representation of parametric geometry and the generation of IFC geometries for selected variants;
— calculation of article number.
The resulting product catalogue can be used by designers to select the desired products and integrate them into their model of the building services system.
The expected audience of this document are software providers for the built environment sector and professionals working in the sector who create product catalogues or use product catalogues by means of software tools.
Not in scope of this document is the representation of properties in data dictionaries. The use of data dictionaries is described in ISO 16757-4.
- Standard98 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1995-3
(1) This document gives minimum requirements for execution of timber structures (buildings and bridges) designed in accordance with EN 1995 (all parts) to ensure that what is built meets the requirements for mechanical resistance, serviceability, durability, and fire performance.
(2) This document gives guidance on moisture control during transport to the building site, storage on site, handling on site and erection.
(3) This document gives guidance on workmanship and deviation limits during execution.
(4) This document assumes that there is an execution specification which states all the specific requirements relevant for the execution of a particular structure.
(5) For products covered by a European technical product specification, this document only covers those aspects of fabrication such as cutting, machining and drilling after placement of the product on the market.
(6) This document does not cover:
a) parts which are not designed according to EN 1995;
b) temporary works (such as formwork, scaffolding, propping, shoring, etc.);
c) specification, production and conformity of timber members in accordance with European technical product specifications;
d) deviation limits for other properties than mechanical resistance, serviceability, durability and fire performance;
e) contractual aspects, responsibilities of the various parties, competency requirements or the degree of independence of the personnel undertaking the inspection;
f) health and safety requirements during execution.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) It is assumed that all relevant provisions of EN 1995 are complied with.
(2) It is recognized in this document that areas such as detailed requirements for competence of personnel, and details related to Quality Management are within the competence of the CEN Member States.
(3) Before the execution begins on a part of the structure, it is assumed that the following are available on site:
— the drawings and specification of that part;
— the execution specification.
(4) Before the start of the execution, it is assumed that the execution specification has been checked for completeness.
(5) It is assumed that previous work (such as foundations) has been inspected and that any work which needs to be done due to deviations from the execution specification has been carried out.
- Draft70 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies product category rules (PCR) for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), as described in EN ISO 14025 and EN 15942.
This document is applicable to:
- functional unit as plastic piping systems buried outside building structure;
- declared unit as one or more main structural components, as specified by the list of product standards provided in Annex CC.
Main structural components are:
- pipes;
- fittings (e.g. flange couplers, bends and reducers, valves and electrofusion fittings);
- manholes, inspection chambers and infiltration boxes.
This document gives guidelines for both pressure and non-pressure applications.
The intended function of the system considered is to convey fluids according to EN 476 (for sewers, drain and surface water), EN 805 (water supply), or EN 12007 (gas supply).
This document provides in Annex DD a non-exhaustive list of application fields. In addition, the following applications and materials are not in scope of this document: GRP pipes and fittings, and district heating pipes.
This document specifies the rules for the product category of construction products as defined in and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804+A2.
In addition to EN 15804+A2, this document specifies:
- the functional unit (consisting of pipes, fittings, manholes and inspection chambers and ancillary components) and declared unit (consisting of pipes and/or fittings and/or manholes and /or inspection chambers);
- the system boundaries and additional mandatory modules to be declared;
- the processes to be included in the installation phase;
- scenarios for module A4, A5;
- use conditions for the use phase (B modules);
- reference service life (RSL);
- end of life scenarios.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies product category rules (PCR) for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), as described in EN ISO 14025 and EN 15942.
This document is applicable to:
- functional unit as plastics piping systems inside the building structure;
- declared unit as one or more main structural components which are represented by pipes and fittings, as specified by the list of product standards provided in Annex CC.
This document gives guidelines for:
- both pressure and non-pressure applications;
- metal fittings (including manifolds) which are used in a plastic piping system.
The intended function of the system considered is to convey liquids according to EN 806 (for potable water supply), EN 1264 (for heating and cooling systems), EN 12828 (for radiators), EN 12056 (for soil and waste discharge and for water traps).
This document specifies product category rules of construction products as defined in and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804+A2.
This document provides in Annex DD a non-exhaustive list of application fields. In addition, the insulated pipes are not in the scope of this document.
In addition to EN 15804+A2, this document specifies:
- the functional unit (consisting of pipes, fittings and ancillary components) and declared unit (consisting of pipes and/or fittings);
- the system boundaries and additional mandatory modules to be declared;
- the processes to be included in the installation phase;
- scenarios for module A4, A5;
- reference service life (RSL);
- end of life scenarios.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-14
(1) This document gives principles and requirements for the use of numerical methods in the design of steel structures, more specifically for the ultimate limit state (including fatigue) and serviceability limit state verifications. It also gives principles and requirements for the application of advanced finite element (FE) and similar modelling techniques for numerical simulation which also covers safety assessment.
(2) This document covers general methodologies such as the finite element method (FEM), finite strip method (FSM) or generalized beam theory (GBT) for modelling, analysis and design of steel structures made of the following members and joint configurations:
a) hot-rolled profiles,
b) cold-formed members and sheeting,
c) welded plated profiles,
d) stainless steel profiles,
e) plate assemblies,
f) shell structures,
g) welded and bolted joints.
In addition to the general design rules, specific additional rules can also be found in the relevant standard parts in EN 1993.
(3) This document contains harmonized design rules in terms of the application of the numerical modelling methods, development of the numerical models, application of analysis types, result evaluation methods, and determination of the resistance of steel structures for different limit states.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) This document gives rules intended for engineers who are experienced in the use of FE.
(2) It is recognized that structural analysis, based upon the laws of physics, has been successfully researched, developed, historically or currently used for the design and verification of elements or whole structural frames. This remains appropriate for many structural solutions. However, when a more detailed understanding of structural behaviour is required, the methods described in this document can be useful for the professional design.
(3) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all subparts) apply.
(4) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-14 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
- Draft64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for data dictionaries that are used by product catalogues for building services to provide the semantics of their definitions and data modelling. For this purpose, it defines an overall model that contains: — subject kinds that allow to distinguish: — product subjects representing products in product catalogues; — catalogue subjects comprising meta data of product catalogues; — various kinds of blocks that collect properties of complex product features, including ports and in/outlets; — relationship types that allow to distinguish between different kinds of relationships like isSubtypeOf, hasPart, or hasBlock; — property kinds to distinguish between: — static properties describing products by providing property values in product catalogues; — dynamic properties that describe the behaviour of products; — external properties that represent external conditions that influence the behaviour of the product by influencing the values of dynamic properties. This document also describes a mapping of the overall model to the data dictionary model of ISO 12006-3 by introducing a dictionary meta level. Finally, to overcome deficiencies of the standards underlying ISO 16757-5 in capturing all aspects of product catalogues, this document provides some rules and recommendations for required data dictionary elements. This document does not describe how product catalogues have to be organized, and it does not describe any formats for the exchange of product catalogues. Product catalogues are described in ISO 16757-5.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document describes how product catalogue data for building services products is exchanged by means of ISO 16739-1 (Industry Foundation Classes, IFC) and EN 17549-2 from manufacturers to designers of building services systems. This document specifies how the product catalogue structures and content are set up using the definitions stored in a data dictionary. In scope of this document are: — processes for the provision and exchange of product catalogues; — rules for the geometrical representation of products; — representation of products, product classes, ports, in/outlets, components and accessories by using IFC; — representation of properties in IFC and the use of IFC constraints for the representation of product variants; — representation of parametric geometry and the generation of IFC geometries for selected variants; — calculation of article number. The resulting product catalogue can be used by designers to select the desired products and integrate them into their model of the building services system. The expected audience of this document are software providers for the built environment sector and professionals working in the sector who create product catalogues or use product catalogues by means of software tools. Not in scope of this document is the representation of properties in data dictionaries. The use of data dictionaries is described in ISO 16757-4.
- Standard89 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard96 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides the concept of data templates developed to enable machine interpretability based on a standardized data structure, carrying the alphanumerical information for any object used in the life cycle of assets.
This document provides a description of how data templates are implemented following ISO 12006-3.
This document provides a methodology to create and maintain data templates in data dictionary.
This document provides guidance for linking between data templates and classification systems within data dictionaries based on ISO 12006-3.
This document provides an XML Schema Definition (XSD) representing an implementation of the ISO 23387 and ISO 12006-3 data models.
It is not within the scope of this document to provide the content of any data templates.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
EN 1998-4 is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
- Draft129 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies product category rules (PCR) for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), as described in EN ISO 14025 and EN 15942.
This document is applicable to:
- functional unit as plastics piping systems inside the building structure;
- declared unit as one or more main structural components which are represented by pipes and fittings, as specified by the list of product standards provided in Annex CC.
This document gives guidelines for:
- both pressure and non-pressure applications;
- metal fittings (including manifolds) which are used in a plastic piping system.
The intended function of the system considered is to convey liquids according to EN 806 (for potable water supply), EN 1264 (for heating and cooling systems), EN 12828 (for radiators), EN 12056 (for soil and waste discharge and for water traps).
This document specifies product category rules of construction products as defined in and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804+A2.
This document provides in Annex DD a non-exhaustive list of application fields. In addition, the insulated pipes are not in the scope of this document.
In addition to EN 15804+A2, this document specifies:
- the functional unit (consisting of pipes, fittings and ancillary components) and declared unit (consisting of pipes and/or fittings);
- the system boundaries and additional mandatory modules to be declared;
- the processes to be included in the installation phase;
- scenarios for module A4, A5;
- reference service life (RSL);
- end of life scenarios.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
(1) EN 1991-1-7 provides actions and rules for safeguarding buildings and civil engineering works against identifiable accidental actions.
NOTE 1 Identifiable accidental actions include impact from vehicles and internal explosions.
NOTE 2 Rules on impact from vehicles travelling on a bridge deck are given in EN 1991-2.
(2) EN 1991-1-7 also covers: actions and rules for tying systems and key members; information on risk assessment; dynamic design for impact; actions for internal explosions; actions from debris.
(3) Actions from ship operations such as berthing and mooring are outside the scope of this document.
(4) Actions due to high explosives that detonate are outside the scope of this document.
- Draft67 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies product category rules (PCR) for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), as described in EN ISO 14025 and EN 15942.
This document is applicable to:
- functional unit as plastic piping systems buried outside building structure;
- declared unit as one or more main structural components, as specified by the list of product standards provided in Annex CC.
Main structural components are:
- pipes;
- fittings (e.g. flange couplers, bends and reducers, valves and electrofusion fittings);
- manholes, inspection chambers and infiltration boxes.
This document gives guidelines for both pressure and non-pressure applications.
The intended function of the system considered is to convey fluids according to EN 476 (for sewers, drain and surface water), EN 805 (water supply), or EN 12007 (gas supply).
This document provides in Annex DD a non-exhaustive list of application fields. In addition, the following applications and materials are not in scope of this document: GRP pipes and fittings, and district heating pipes.
This document specifies the rules for the product category of construction products as defined in and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 15804+A2.
In addition to EN 15804+A2, this document specifies:
- the functional unit (consisting of pipes, fittings, manholes and inspection chambers and ancillary components) and declared unit (consisting of pipes and/or fittings and/or manholes and /or inspection chambers);
- the system boundaries and additional mandatory modules to be declared;
- the processes to be included in the installation phase;
- scenarios for module A4, A5;
- use conditions for the use phase (B modules);
- reference service life (RSL);
- end of life scenarios.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1995-1-2
(1) This document deals with the design of timber structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and it is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1995-1-1 and EN 1991-1-2.
This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design.
(2) This document applies to timber structures required to fulfil a loadbearing function, separating function or both.
(3) This document gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned functions and the levels of performance.
(4) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1995-1-1 and are designed accordingly.
(5) The methods given in this document are applicable to all products covered by European technical product specifications made reference to in this document.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the following assumptions apply:
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;
- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.
- Draft180 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
1.1 Scope of EN 1998-3
(1) This document is applicable to the assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges in seismic regions, namely as given in a) to c):
a) to provide criteria for the assessment of the seismic performance of existing individual buildings and bridges;
b) to describe the procedure to be followed in selecting necessary corrective measures;
c) to set forth criteria for the design of retrofitting measures (i.e. design, structural analysis including intervention measures, final dimensioning of structural parts and their connections to existing structural members).
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, retrofitting covers both the seismic upgrading (e.g. strengthening or adding a passive system) of undamaged structures and the repair and possible upgrading of earthquake-damaged structures.
NOTE 2 Only the most common retrofit techniques are covered in this document. This does not exclude the use of other techniques, which can be developed in each country, based on the strengthening principles of this document.
NOTE 3 Annex D gives flowcharts for the application of this document.
(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1 and EN 1998-5 apply.
(3) Reflecting the performance requirements of EN 1998-1-1:2024, 4.1, this document covers the seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges made of the more commonly used structural materials: concrete, steel and composite, timber and masonry.
NOTE Annexes B and C contain additional guidance related to the assessment of timber and masonry structures, respectively, and to their retrofitting when necessary.
(4) This document is intended for the assessment of individual structures, to decide on the need for structural intervention and to design the retrofitting measures that may be necessary. It is not intended for the vulnerability assessment of populations or groups of structures in seismic risk evaluations for various purposes (e.g. for determining insurance risk, for setting risk mitigation priorities, etc.).
(5) This document provides (in its material-specific Clauses 8 to 11) criteria for the verification of the more common retrofitting techniques currently in use.
(6) This document gives specific rules for the assessment and retrofitting relevant to existing buildings and bridges of consequence classes CC1, CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3.
(7) Although the provisions of this document are applicable to all common categories of buildings and bridges, the seismic assessment and retrofitting of monuments and heritage structures often requires different types of provisions and approaches, depending on the nature of the monuments and heritage structures.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1998-1-1 apply to this document.
(2) The provisions of this document assume that the data collection and tests are performed by experienced personnel and that the engineer responsible for the assessment, the possible design of the retrofitting and the execution of work has appropriate experience of the type of structures being upgraded or repaired.
(3) It is assumed that inspection procedures, checklists and other data-collection procedures will be documented and filed and referred to in the assessment/design documents.
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1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-6
(1) EN 1993-1-6 provides rules for the structural design of plated steel structures that have the form of a shell of revolution (axisymmetric shell).
(2) This document is applicable to unstiffened fabricated axisymmetric shells formed from isotropic rolled plates using both algebraic and computational procedures, and to stiffened axisymmetric shells with different wall constructions using computational procedures. It also applies to associated circular or annular plates and to beam section rings and stringer stiffeners where they form part of the complete shell structure. The general computational procedures are applicable to all shell forms.
(3) This document does not apply to manufactured shells or to shell panels or to elliptical shell forms, except that its computational procedures are applicable to all shell structures. This document does not apply to structures under seismic or other dynamic loading. It does not cover the aspects of leakage of stored liquids or solids.
(4) Cylindrical and conical panels are not explicitly covered by this document. However, the provisions of 9.8 can be used provided that appropriate boundary conditions are taken into account.
(5) This document defines the characteristic and design values of the resistance of the structure.
(6) This document is concerned with the requirements for design against the ultimate limit states of:
— plastic failure;
— cyclic plasticity;
— buckling;
— fatigue.
(7) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are included in the relevant application parts of EN 1993.
(8) Detailed formulae for the simple calculation of unstiffened cylinders, cones and spherical domes are given in the Annexes.
(9) Provisions for simple calculations on specific stiffened shell types are given in EN 1993-4-1.
(10) This document is intended for application to steel shell structures. Where no standard exists for shell structures made of other metals, including high strength steels, the provisions of this document are applicable provided the appropriate material properties of the metal are taken into account.
(11) The provisions of this document are intended to be applied within the temperature ranges defined in the relevant EN 1993 application parts.
(12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits:
— design metal temperatures lie within the range −50 °C to +100 °C, except when using the special provisions given in 5.1;
— radius to thickness ratios (r/t) within the range 50 to 2 000;
— manufactured circular hollow sections according to EN 10210 and EN 10219 are outside the scope of this document and are covered by EN 1993-1-1. However, if no other provisions are available, the rules of this document are useful for manufactured circular hollow sections. In particular, this document is applicable to the design of manufactured piles (see EN 1993-5) provided the imperfections and tolerance requirements of EN 1993-5 are adopted in place of those specified in this document, and where no other standard covers the specific pile geometry.
NOTE 1 Experimental and theoretical data relating to manufactured circular hollow sections were not considered when this document was drafted. The application of this document to such structures therefore remains the responsibility of the user.
NOTE 2 The stress design rules of this document can be rather conservative if applied to some geometries and loading conditions for relatively thick-walled shells.
NOTE 3 Thinner shells than r/t = 2 000 can be treated using these provisions but the provisions have not been verified for such thin shells.
NOTE 4 The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be ignored where high temperature creep effects are not covered by the relevant application part.
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This document provides guidance on: a) the role of the client in the effective and efficient delivery of construction projects; b) delivery management practices which enable the client’s business case to be transformed into project outcomes in a manner which consistently realizes value for money. This document is applicable to private sector, public sector or community organizations.
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1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-7
(1) prEN 1993-1-7 provides rules for the structural design of assemblies of unstiffened and stiffened steel plates whose elements are under predominantly distributed transverse loads.
(2) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to containment structures such as silos, tanks, digesters and lock gates, where the external actions chiefly act transversely on their individual plates or panels. Where a plate or panel under bending is additionally subject to membrane forces that have a significant effect on the resistance, this document covers assessment of the resistance through its computational analysis procedures.
(3) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to structures with rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular component plate segments, each with one axis of symmetry.
(4) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels where the dominant structural resistance requirement relates to membrane forces in the plates (for these, see EN 1993-1-5).
(5) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels whose curvature (out of flatness) exceeds that defined in 1.1 (14). For such curved plates, see EN 1993-1-6.
(6) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to circular or annular plates. For such plates, see EN 1993 1-6.
(7) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to cold-formed sheeting. For such plates, see EN 1993-1-3.
(8) This document is only concerned with the requirements for design of plates and plate assemblies against the ultimate limit states of:
- plastic failure;
- cyclic plasticity;
- buckling;
- fatigue.
(9) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, or overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are available in the relevant applications parts of EN 1993.
(10) The rules in this document refer to plate assemblies that are fabricated using unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels. The document is also applicable to the design of individual plates or panels that are predominantly subject to actions transverse to the plane of each plate. Both frictional actions on the plate surface and forces imposed by adjacent components of the plate assembly also induce in-plane actions in each plate.
(11) This document gives algebraic rules and guidance to account for bending with small membrane forces in the individual plates or panels. Where an unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels is subject to significant magnitudes of both bending and in-plane forces, the computational analysis procedures of this document apply.
(12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits:
- design metal temperatures within the range −50 °C to +100 °C;
- the geometry of individual plate segments is limited to rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal shapes with b/t greater than 20, or b1/t greater than 20, as appropriate (see Figure 3.2);
- Single plate elements are treated as flat where the deviation from flatness e0 meets the condition (see Figure 9.1). Where this criterion is not met, it is appropriate to treat the plate as a shell panel (see EN 1993-1-6).
1.2 Assumptions
(1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 (all parts) apply.
(2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-7 are applicable if:
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.
(3) The provisions in this document apply to materials that satisfy the brittle fracture provisions given in EN 1993-1-4 and EN 1993-1-10.
(4) In this document, it is assumed that wind loading, seismic actions and bulk solids flow can, in general, be treated as quasi-static actions.
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1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-4
This document provides supplementary rules for the structural design of steel structures that extend and modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to austenitic, duplex (austenitic-ferritic) and ferritic stainless steels.
NOTE 1 Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are commonly known as duplex stainless steels. The term duplex stainless steel is used in this document.
NOTE 2 Information on the durability of stainless steels is given in Annex A.
NOTE 3 The execution of stainless steel structures is covered in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4.
1.2 Assumptions
Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 apply.
The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-4 are applicable if
- the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4, and
- the construction materials and products used are as specified in EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993 1-5 and EN 1993-1-8, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
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