D04.47 - Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt materials, asphalt binders, asphalt cements, and soft-tar pitches by use of a digital density meter (U-tube).
Note 1: Alternate methods for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials and asphalt binders include Test Methods D3289, D3142/D3142M, and D70/D70M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements. Units provided in degrees Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.  
1.3 This test method should not be applied to petroleum distillates other than asphalt and asphalt binders. For the determination of density of all other petroleum distillates and viscous oils, use Test Method D4052 or D5002, or ISO 12185.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in trichloroethylene or toluene solvent. The portion that is soluble in the solvent represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in trichloroethylene or toluene of asphalt materials having little or no mineral matter.  
Note 1: This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in n-propyl bromide. The portion that is soluble in n-propyl bromide represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in n-propyl bromide of asphalt materials. It is intended to be a replacement for Test Method D2042 specifying a solvent that, like trichloroethylene, is safe in that it has no flash point, and has similar solubilizing characteristics to trichloroethylene, but it is not considered to be an ozone depleter banned by the Kyoto Protocol.
Note 1: This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.  
5.2 The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluation and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity (relative density) and density of semi-solid asphalt binder by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the specific gravity or density of asphalt binder is Test Method D3289. An alternate method for determining density of asphalt binder is Test Method D8188. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.
Note 2: This test method may also be used for the determination of the specific gravity (relative density) and density of soft tar pitches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Asphalt contains sulfur compounds, most of which are removed during refining; the resulting asphalt also contains sulfur compounds which are released at the temperatures above 230 °C. Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt contains sulfur compounds which are released at lower temperatures between 170 °C and 230 °C. The release of sulfur from Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt tarnishes the copper strip and appears to be related directly to the total TLA content. The copper strip test is designed to assess the qualitative presence of TLA in asphalt.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice shall be used for the qualitative determination of Trinidad Lake Asphalt in Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt Cements obtained from production blends or recovered binder from asphalt paving mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This practice is limited to asphalt binders which are produced in accordance with Specification D5710/D5710M.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of bitumen asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, bituminous asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions in which a polar associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to Test Methods D3279 and D4124 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility (colloidal stability) of the suspension. Compatibility may influence the physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity. This test method and other similar test methods, along with the classical Heithaus test, may be recommended as a measure of the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 to 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated incompatible. Materials calculated to have high P values are designated compatible. Values in P are calculated as a function of two parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax. Values of Cmin and FRmax are determined from experimental variables, the weight of asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS) to dissolve the weight of asphalt, and the volume of titrant (VT) added to initiate flocculation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters that quantify the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends and aged asphalts.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tackiness test is designed for quantifying how sticky or non-sticky a material is at a certain temperature. The test should be run at various temperatures expected in the field for tack coat materials. If the results show the residue is tacky at pavement temperatures, the material may not be suitable for applications like less-tracking tack coats and bond coats.  
5.2 Determining the temperature that the residue becomes tacky by increasing the temperature in successive testing can give formulators an indicator of performance.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pull-off force and pull-off work of asphalt binders and emulsified asphalt residue by means of pull-off testing. The tackiness test is conducted using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at one or more temperatures.
Note 1: This standard may be used for unconditioned material or material conditioned in accordance with Test Method D2872. The majority of development work on this test method was performed on unconditioned material. The emulsified asphalt residue should never be conditioned.  
1.2 A precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in determining that an asphalt cutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desired range of flammability, and that the product has not been contaminated with lower flash point solvents.
Note 3: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash points by the Tag open-cup apparatus of cutback asphalts having flash points of less than 93 °C [200 °F].
Note 1: Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland open cup (Test Method D92, IP 36) method for asphalt cements and cutback asphalts having flash points above 79 °C [175 °F].
Note 2: This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined in Test Method D1310, but is restricted to cutback asphalt having flash points of less than 93 °C [200 °F].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and the EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in quantifying the asphaltene content of petroleum asphalts, gas oils, heavy fuel oils, and crude petroleum. Asphaltene content is defined as those components not soluble in n-heptane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass percent of asphaltenes as defined by insolubility in normal-heptane solvent. It is applicable to all solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalts containing little or no mineral matter, to gas oils, to heavy fuel oils, and to crude petroleum that has been topped to a cut-point of 343 °C or higher.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for a specific hazard statement.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.  
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.  
5.4 Skin prevention technique involves assembling a restraining ring over a centrally-holed qualitative filter paper that is laid at the bottom of the COC (Cleveland open cup) test cup, prior to introduction of the sample specimen into the cup. This allows a column of the hot sample specimen to move up constantly, through the hole, to the surface of the test specimen so that the surface is maintained in the hot condition to prevent skin formation. (See 9.6).  
5.5 Skin-forming asphalts may not be limited to those which are air blown/oxidized, polymerized or non-homogeneous materials that, although infrequently, exhibit some unique behavior and characteristics, as far as manifestation of flash point is concerned. At the flash point stage, this behavior may involve flame propagation across the surface or just a flame appearing at one or more points on the surface.  
5.6 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an ass...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of asphalt by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
Note 1: Apparatus is the same as described in Test Method D92 with the addition of the materials for the skin prevention technique.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to asphalts that can form a skin, and those that do not form a skin during heat treatment.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to products with flash points above 79 °C (174 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F), except fuel oils.  
1.4 The precision has been determined over the temperature range of 300 °C to 370 °C (572 °F to 698 °F).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2.3, and 11.3.4.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plug the filter.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method separates asphalts into four well-defined fractions. Analysis of these fractions can be used to evaluate asphalt composition (1, 2).4 For example, one can compare the ratios of the fractions with other asphalt systems to evaluate processing and aging parameters that relate to performance properties of the asphalt.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation of four defined fractions from petroleum asphalts. The four fractions are defined as saturates, naphthene aromatics, polar aromatics, and iso-octane insoluble asphaltenes. This method can also be used to isolate saturates, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics from distillate products such as vacuum gas oils, lubricating oils, and cycle stocks. These distillate products usually do not contain asphaltenes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is to be used for research or informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15 °C or 60 °F.  
5.2 Similarly, accurate determination is necessary for converting volumes to mass as required in other ASTM tests on cutback asphalts.  
5.3 Values corrected to 15 °C and 60 °F will be different because the two temperatures are not equal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination, using a glass hydrometer, of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts as defined in Specifications D2026, D2027, and D2028 (Note 1). Values are measured on a hydrometer at convenient temperatures, readings of density, specific gravity, and API gravity being reduced to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of international standard tables. By means of these same tables, values determined in one of the three systems of measurement are convertible to equivalent values in either system so that measurements may be made in the units of local convenience.
Note 1: This test method is applicable to cutback asphalts and in general follows, but provides more explicit routines than, the procedure outlined in Test Method D1298.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.  
5.2 The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluation and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt binder by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of asphalt binder is Test Method D3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.
Note 2: This test method may also be used for the determination of the relative density and density of soft tar pitches.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt materials, asphalt binders, asphalt cements, and soft-tar pitches by use of a digital density meter (U-tube).
Note 1: Alternate methods for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials and asphalt binders include Test Methods D3289, D3142/D3142M, and D70.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements. Units provided in degrees Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.  
1.3 The between-laboratory reproducibility of this test method is being determined and will be available on or before June 2021. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.4 This test method should not be applied to petroleum distillates other than asphalt and asphalt binders. For the determination of density of all other petroleum distillates and viscous oils, use Test Method D4052 or D5002, or ISO 12185.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.  
5.2 The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluation and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt binder and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of asphalt binder is Test Method D3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO R78, or other agency-specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plug the filter.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements, which are stated in degrees Celsius with temperature. Units provided in Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and the EPA’s website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website—www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used for determining the amount of inorganic or non-organic materials in an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue. The emulsified asphalt residue can be obtained by methods such as Test Methods D6934 and D6997, Practice D7497, AASHTO PP72, or other agency specified methods. This test may be useful as an alternative to solubility tests when a confounding material creates an interference to the solubility test being performed acceptably. An example of an interfering material is a polymer which may be incompatible with the solubility test solvent and plugs the filter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ash content of an asphalt or emulsified asphalt residue.  
1.2 A precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in trichloroethylene. The portion that is soluble in trichloroethylene represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in trichloroethylene of asphalt materials having little or no mineral matter.  
Note 1: This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in n-propyl bromide. The portion that is soluble in n-propyl bromide represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in n-propyl bromide of asphalt materials. It is intended to be a replacement for Test Method D2042 specifying a solvent that, like trichloroethylene, is safe in that it has no flash point, and has similar solubilizing characteristics to trichloroethylene, but it is not considered to be an ozone depleter banned by the Kyoto Protocol.
Note 1: This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer modified asphalt need to be given guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended primarily as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of bitumen asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, bituminous asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions in which a polar associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to Test Methods D3279, D4124, and D5546 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility (colloidal stability) of the suspension. Compatibility influences the physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity. This test method and other similar test methods, along with the classical Heithaus test, measures the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 to 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated incompatible. Materials calculated to have high P values are designated compatible. Values in P are calculated as a function of two parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax. Values of Cmin and FRmax are determined from experimental variables, the weight of asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS) to dissolve the weight of asphalt, and the volume of titrant (VT) added to initiate flocculation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters that quantify the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends and aged asphalts.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended primarily as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of bitumen asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, bituminous asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions in which a polar associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to Test Methods D3279, D4124, and D5546 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility (colloidal stability) of the suspension. Compatibility influences the physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity. This test method and other similar test methods, along with the classical Heithaus test, measures the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 to 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated incompatible. Materials calculated to have high P values are designated compatible. Values in P are calculated as a function of two parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax. Values of Cmin and FRmax are determined from experimental variables, the weight of asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS) to dissolve the weight of asphalt, and the volume of titrant (VT) added to initiate flocculation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters that quantify the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends and aged asphalts.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in determining that an asphalt cutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desired range of flammability, and that the product has not been contaminated with lower flash point solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash points by the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cutback asphalts having flash points of less than 93°C [200°F].Note 1—Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open Cup (Test Method D92–IP 36) Method for asphalt cements and cutback asphalts having flash points above 79°C [175°F]. Note 2—This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined in Test Method D1310, but is restricted to cutback asphalt having flash points of less than 93°C [200°F].  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Bitumen contains sulfur compounds most of which are removed during refining, the resulting asphalt cement also contains sulfur compounds which are released at the temperatures above 230°C . Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt contains sulfur compounds, which are released at lower temperatures between 170°C and 230°C . The release of sulfur from Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt tarnishes the copper strip and appears to be related directly to the total TLA content. The copper strip test is designed to assess the qualitative presence of TLA in asphalt cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice shall be used for the qualitative determination of Trinidad Lake Asphalt in Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt Cements obtained from production blends or recovered binder from asphalt paving mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated is SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard  
1.3 It is limited to the binder content of Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt (Specification D5710) used in the construction of asphalt pavements.  
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/ mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in quantifying the asphaltene content of petroleum asphalts, gas oils, heavy fuel oils, and crude petroleum. Asphaltene content is defined as those components not soluble in  n-heptane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass percent of asphaltenes as defined by insolubility in normal-heptane solvent. It is applicable to all solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalts containing little or no mineral matter, to gas oils, to heavy fuel oils, and to crude petroleum that has been topped to a cut-point of 343°C or higher.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for a specific hazard statement.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in quantifying the asphaltene content of petroleum asphalts, gas oils, heavy fuel oils, and crude petroleum. Asphaltene content is defined as those components not soluble in  n-heptane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass percent of asphaltenes as defined by insolubility in normal-heptane solvent. It is applicable to all solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalts containing little or no mineral matter, to gas oils, to heavy fuel oils, and to crude petroleum that has been topped to a cut-point of 343°C or higher.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for a specific hazard statement.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Accurate determination of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C or 60°F.  
Similarly, accurate determination is necessary for converting volumes to mass as required in other ASTM tests on cutback asphalts.  
Values corrected to 15°C and 60°F will be different because the two temperatures are not equal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination, using a glass hydrometer, of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts as defined in Specifications D2026, D2027, and D2028 (Note 1). Values are measured on a hydrometer at convenient temperatures, readings of density, specific gravity, and API gravity being reduced to 15°C or 60°F by means of international standard tables. By means of these same tables, values determined in one of the three systems of measurement are convertible to equivalent values in either system so that measurements may be made in the units of local convenience.
Note 1—This test method is applicable to cutback asphalts and in general follows, but provides more explicit routines than, the procedure outlined in Test Method D1298.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Purchasers of polymer modified asphalt need to be given guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in n-propyl bromide. The portion that is soluble in n-propyl bromide represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in n-propyl bromide of asphalt materials. It is intended to be a replacement for Test Method D2042 specifying a solvent that, like trichloroethylene, is safe in that it has no flash point, and has similar solubilizing characteristics to trichloroethylene, but it is not considered to be an ozone depleter banned by the Kyoto Protocol.
Note 1—This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method separates asphalts into four well-defined fractions. Analysis of these fractions can be used to evaluate asphalt composition (1, 2). For example, one can compare the ratios of the fractions with other asphalt systems to evaluate processing and aging parameters that relate to performance properties of the asphalt.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation of four defined fractions from petroleum asphalts. The four fractions are defined as saturates, naphthene aromatics, polar aromatics, and iso-octane insoluble asphaltenes. This method can also be used to isolate saturates, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics from distillate products such as vacuum gas oils, lubricating oils, and cycle stocks. These distillate products usually do not contain asphaltenes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is to be used for research or informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in trichloroethylene. The portion that is soluble in trichloroethylene represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D 3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D 3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D 3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in trichloroethylene of asphalt materials having little or no mineral matter.
Note 1—This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D 4, D 2318, and D 2764.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a measure of the solubility of asphalt in n-propyl bromide. The portion that is soluble in n-propyl bromide represents the active cementing constituents.
Note 2—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D 3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D 3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D 3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of solubility in n-propyl bromide of asphalt materials. It is intended to be a replacement for method D 2042 specifying a solvent that, like trichloroethylene, is safe in that it has no flash point, and has similar solubilizing characteristics to trichloroethylene, but it is not considered to be an ozone depleter banned by the Kyoto Protocol. Since a complete precision statement for this test method has not yet been developed, this test method should not be used for buying and selling purposes until the complete precision statement is available.
Note 1—This method is not applicable to tars and their distillation residues or highly cracked petroleum products. For methods covering tars, pitches, and other highly cracked petroleum products, and the use of other solvents, see Test Methods D 4, D 2318, and D 2764.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in determining that an asphalt cutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desired range of flammability, and that the product has not been contaminated with lower flash point solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash points by the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cutback asphalts having flash points of less than 93°C (200°F).
Note 1—Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open Cup (ASTM D 92–IP 36) Method for asphalt cements and cutback asphalts having flash points above 79°C (175°F).
Note 2—This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined in Test Method D 1310, but is restricted to cutback asphalt having flash points of less than 93°C (200°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of flash points by the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cut-back asphalts having flash points of less than 93C.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials, this test method was withdrawn in February 2007.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 70. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended primarily as a laboratory diagnostic tool for estimating the colloidal stability of asphalt, asphalt cross blends, aged asphalt, pyrolyzed asphalt, and heavy oil residuum. Historically, asphalt and heavy oil residua have been modeled as colloidal suspensions (8,9) in which a polar, associated asphaltene moiety (the dispersed phase) is suspended in a maltene solvent moiety (the dispersing medium) (refer to test methods D 3279, D 4124, and D 5546 for further definition of asphalt fraction materials). The extent to which these two moieties remain in a given state of peptization is a measure of the compatibility of the suspension. Compatibility influences important physical properties of these materials, including rheological properties, for example, phase angle and viscosity (10,11). Compatibility also influences coke formation in refining processes (4). This test method and other similar test methods (7, 12-15), along with the classical Heithaus test (1,2), measures the overall compatibility of a colloidal system by determining a designated parameter referred to as the state of peptization, P. The value of P commonly varies between 2.5 and 10 for unmodified or neat asphalts. Materials calculated to have low values of P are designated as incompatible, where as materials calculated to have high P values are designated as compatible. Values of P may be calculated as a function of two other designated parameters that relate to the peptizability of the asphaltene moiety (the asphaltene peptizability parameter, pa) and the solvent power of the maltene moiety (the maltene peptizing power parameter, po). Values of pa and po are calculated as functions of the quantities Cmin and FRmax, the values of which are obtained from three experimental variables, the weight of residuum or asphalt (Wa), the volume of solvent (VS), and the volume of titrant added up to the flocculation point (VT).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for quantifying three Heithaus compatibility parameters (1,2) that estimate the colloidal stability of asphalts and asphalt cross blends (1,2), aged asphalts (3), and pyrolyzed heavy oil residua and asphalt (4) using automated Heithaus titrimetry as a stability diagnostic tool.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in quantifying the asphaltene content of petroleum asphalts, gas oils, heavy fuel oils, and crude petroleum. Asphaltene content is defined as those components not soluble in  n-heptane.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass percent of asphaltenes as defined by insolubility in normal-heptane solvent. It is applicable to all solid and semi-solid petroleum asphalts containing little or no mineral matter, to gas oils, to heavy fuel oils, and to crude petroleum that has been topped to a cut-point of 343°C or higher.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for a specific hazard statement.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Bitumen contains sulfur compounds most of which are removed during refining, the resulting asphalt cement also contains sulfur compounds which are released at the temperatures above 230°C (446°F). Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt contains sulfur compounds, which are released at lower temperatures between 170°C (338°F) and 230°C (446°F). The release of sulfur from Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt tarnishes the copper strip and appears to be related directly to the total TLA content. The copper strip test is designed to assess the qualitative presence of TLA in asphalt cements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice shall be used for the qualitative determination of Trinidad Lake Asphalt in Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt Cements obtained from production blends or recovered binder from asphalt paving mixtures.
1.2 It is limited to the binder content of Trinidad Lake Modified Asphalt (Specification D 5710) used in the construction of asphalt pavements.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Accurate determination of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C or 60°F.  
Similarly, accurate determination is necessary for converting volumes to mass as required in other ASTM tests on cutback asphalts.  
Values corrected to 15°C and 60°F will be different because the two temperatures are not equal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination, using a glass hydrometer, of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts as defined in Specifications D 2026, D 2027, and D 2028 (Note 1). Values are measured on a hydrometer at convenient temperatures, readings of density, specific gravity, and API gravity being reduced to 15°C or 60°F by means of international standard tables. By means of these same tables, values determined in one of the three systems of measurement are convertible to equivalent values in either system so that measurements may be made in the units of local convenience.
Note 1—This test method is applicable to cutback asphalts and in general follows, but provides more explicit routines than, the procedure outlined in Test Method D 1298.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Purchasers of polymer modified asphalt need to be given guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 70. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a measure of the solubility of polymer-modified asphalt in toluene. The portion that is soluble in toluene represents the active cementing constituents. Additional tests to characterize the insoluble residue may be conducted. Such tests might include infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, ash content, and so forth.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the degree of solubility of asphalt binders in toluene using centrifugal separation. The method is an alternative to Test Method D 2042, and may be preferable to Test Method D 2042 when testing modified asphalt binders.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.