13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
ICS 13.220.40 Details
Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
Zund- und Brennverhalten von Materialien und Produkten
Comportement au feu et facilité d'allumage des matériaux et des produits
Sposobnost vžiga in obnašanje materialov in proizvodov pri gorenju
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.220.40 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1637 standards classified under ICS 13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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IEC TS 60695-11-12:2026 describes a test method intended to investigate whether the bottom part of an enclosure having openings is able to contain the burning droplets inside the enclosure if ignition occurs inside a finished unit.
The purpose of the test is to verify whether the size of the openings in the bottom part of an enclosure are of such a size that reduces the risk of propagation of a flame outside the enclosure of a finished unit .
This technical specification is intended to be used by technical committees in the preparation of documents in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC GUIDE 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. While this document currently does not have the status of a horizontal safety publication, it is intended to become one if the document is transformed into an International Standard.
- Technical specification11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 60695-2-10:2026 specifies the glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure to simulate the effects of thermal stresses which may be produced by heat sources such as glowing elements or overloaded resistors, for short periods, in order to assess the fire hazard by a simulation technique. The test procedure described in this document is a common test procedure intended for the small-scale tests in which a standardized electrically heated wire is used as a source of ignition. It is a common part of the test procedures applied to end products and to solid electrical insulating materials or other solid combustible materials. A detailed description of each particular test procedure is given in IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12 and IEC 60695-2-13.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) revision of 4.3 to add reference to new Annex D;
b) addition of new normative Annex D on "Use of pyrometer for glow-wire test";
c) revision of Clause 3 references to align with ISO 13943:2017.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12, and IEC 60695-2-13.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60695-2-10:2026 specifies the glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure to simulate the effects of thermal stresses which may be produced by heat sources such as glowing elements or overloaded resistors, for short periods, in order to assess the fire hazard by a simulation technique. The test procedure described in this document is a common test procedure intended for the small-scale tests in which a standardized electrically heated wire is used as a source of ignition. It is a common part of the test procedures applied to end products and to solid electrical insulating materials or other solid combustible materials. A detailed description of each particular test procedure is given in IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12 and IEC 60695-2-13. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) revision of 4.3 to add reference to new Annex D; b) addition of new normative Annex D on "Use of pyrometer for glow-wire test"; c) revision of Clause 3 references to align with ISO 13943:2017. It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12, and IEC 60695-2-13.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of flame spread times of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich combinations, and similar combinations) when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of ease of ignition of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich constructions, and similar combinations), when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of ease of ignition of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich constructions, and similar combinations), when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of flame spread times of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich combinations, and similar combinations) when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of ease of ignition of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich constructions, and similar combinations), when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the measurement of flame spread times of vertically oriented textile fabrics and industrial products in the form of single or multi-component textile fabrics (coated, quilted, multilayered, sandwich combinations, and similar combinations) when subjected to a small, defined flame.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
IEC 60695-2-10:2026 specifies the glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure to simulate the effects of thermal stresses which may be produced by heat sources such as glowing elements or overloaded resistors, for short periods, in order to assess the fire hazard by a simulation technique. The test procedure described in this document is a common test procedure intended for the small-scale tests in which a standardized electrically heated wire is used as a source of ignition. It is a common part of the test procedures applied to end products and to solid electrical insulating materials or other solid combustible materials. A detailed description of each particular test procedure is given in IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12 and IEC 60695-2-13.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) revision of 4.3 to add reference to new Annex D;
b) addition of new normative Annex D on "Use of pyrometer for glow-wire test";
c) revision of Clause 3 references to align with ISO 13943:2017.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104. This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-11, IEC 60695-2-12, and IEC 60695-2-13.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard62 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Standard62 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 60695-11-40:2026, presents a general characterization of small-scale test flames and associated confirmatory tests based on copper block calorimetry. Information is presented for the selection of critical parameters in confirmatory test designs.
This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC TS 60695-11-40 published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) change of classification of this document (from Technical Specification to Technical Report), based on the nature of this publication, which provides solely general information and the theoretical basis for confirmatory tests using copper blocks;
b) minor editorial changes.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 60695-2-22:2026 summarizes the round robin tests performed by the IEC/TC 89/PT 60695-2-15, "Fire containment test on finished units" during the development of IEC TS 60695-2-21:2023, Fire containment test on finished units.
This document aims to serve as knowledge retention, describing the methodologies, investigation, and verification techniques, as well as providing a compendium of the different verification results, of the development of IEC TS 60695-2-21:2023 as new test method.
IEC/TC 89 and other IEC Technical Committees can benefit from this document, when developing new test methodologies or planning and executing round robin tests.
- Technical report115 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics.
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics.
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye.
NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E).
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics. It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties. The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye. NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E). It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard52 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the measurement of surface burning time of textile fabrics which have a raised fibre surface, i.e. a napped, pile, tufted, flocked or similar surface.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TR 60695-2-16:2025 specifies the results of the round robin tests related to the use of the pyrometer, for the measurement of the glow-wire temperature, according to IEC 60695-2-10.
This Technical Report summarize the objectives and the results of a pre-round robin test and two round robin tests, performed by the IEC: "Glow-wire testing: Optimization of the temperature measuring system".
The outcome of the work conducted by the IEC resulted in a proposal for a new Annex in IEC 60695-2-10, describing the minimum technical characteristics and usage conditions for the pyrometer, as an alternative temperature measurement instrument to the thermocouple.
- Technical report124 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required.
This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required.
This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions.
Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required. This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the reaction to fire performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring can affect test results. It cannot be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard30 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the categories of flammable materials which are prohibited in all toys, and requirements concerning flammability of certain toys when they are subjected to a small source of ignition.
The test methods described in Clause 5 are used for the purposes of determining the flammability of toys under the particular test conditions specified. The test results thus obtained cannot be considered as providing an overall indication of the potential fire hazard of toys or materials when subjected to other sources of ignition.
This European Standard includes general requirements relating to all toys and specific requirements and methods of test relating to the following toys, which are considered as being those presenting the greatest hazard:
- toys to be worn on the head: beards, moustaches, wigs, etc. made from hair, pile or material with similar features; masks; hoods, head-dresses, etc.; flowing elements of toys to be worn on the head, but excluding paper novelty hats of the type usually supplied in party crackers;
- toy disguise costumes and toys intended to be worn by a child in play;
- toys intended to be entered by a child;
- soft-filled toys.
NOTE Additional requirements for flammability of electric toys are specified in EN IEC 62115.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60332‑1‑2:2025 specifies the procedure for testing the resistance to vertical flame propagation for a single vertical electrical insulated conductor or cable, or optical fibre cable, under fire conditions using a 1 kW pre-mixed flame. The apparatus is described in IEC 60332‑1‑1.
NOTE 1 Testing to IEC 60332‑1‑2 can be performed simultaneously with that to IEC 60332‑1‑3, if required.
This group safety publication focusing on test method(s) is primarily intended to be used as a product safety standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also intended to be used by technical committees in the preparation of standards for products similar to those mentioned in the scope of this group safety publication, in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
NOTE 2 The performing of this test method on a single insulated conductor or cable or optical fibre cable does not provide compliance with fire propagation requirements in relevant standards in the case that the single insulated conductor or cable or optical fibre cable is installed with or amongst other cables as a group. (See the IEC 60332‑3 series).
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications and/or group safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the categories of flammable materials which are prohibited in all toys, and requirements concerning flammability of certain toys when they are subjected to a small source of ignition.
The test methods described in Clause 5 are used for the purposes of determining the flammability of toys under the particular test conditions specified. The test results thus obtained cannot be considered as providing an overall indication of the potential fire hazard of toys or materials when subjected to other sources of ignition.
This European Standard includes general requirements relating to all toys and specific requirements and methods of test relating to the following toys, which are considered as being those presenting the greatest hazard:
- toys to be worn on the head: beards, moustaches, wigs, etc. made from hair, pile or material with similar features; masks; hoods, head-dresses, etc.; flowing elements of toys to be worn on the head, but excluding paper novelty hats of the type usually supplied in party crackers;
- toy disguise costumes and toys intended to be worn by a child in play;
- toys intended to be entered by a child;
- soft-filled toys.
NOTE Additional requirements for flammability of electric toys are specified in EN IEC 62115.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candle accessories, as well as safety information and requirements on how safety information will be displayed.
The safety requirements and test methods specified in this document are intended to cover the most common risks.
This document does not specify requirements or test methods for uncommon risks arising from the unforeseen combination of accessories and candles.
This document does not apply to birthday cake candle holders that can hold only one candle and do not contain pyrotechnics.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations.
NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s).
The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations.
NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s).
The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards.
This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure, at temperatures up to 100 °C, to determine whether a liquid product, that would be classified as “flammable” by virtue of its flash point, sustains combustion at the temperature(s) specified, for example, in regulations. NOTE Many national and international regulations classify liquids as presenting a flammable hazard based on their flash point, as determined by a recognized method. Some of these regulations allow a derogation if the substance cannot “sustain combustion” at some specified temperature(s). The procedure is applicable to paints (including water-borne paints), varnishes, paint binders, solvents, petroleum or related products and adhesives, that have a flash point. It is not applicable to painted surfaces in respect of assessing their potential fire hazards. This test method is applicable, in addition to test methods for flash point, for assessing the fire hazard of a product.
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- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
IEC 60331-4:2024 specifies the test apparatus and procedure, and gives the performance requirements, including recommended flame application times and flame temperatures, for power cables of rated voltage higher than 0,6/1,0 kV up to and including 18/30 kV for maintaining circuit integrity when subject to fire and mechanical shock under specified conditions.
The test method in this document is restricted to conductor sizes up to and including 120 mm2. The test results for 120 mm2 size conductors constructions qualify larger cross-sections of the same cable construction.
In the case of preassembled three-core cables, then the complete cable is considered as tested when a complete single-core of the cable has been tested.
This document includes details for the specific point of failure, continuity checking arrangement, test sample, test procedure and test report relevant to electric power cables with a rated voltage higher than 0,6/1,0 kV up to and including 18/30 kV.
Annex A provides the method of verification of the burner and control system used for the test.
Annex B provides a choice of the recommended test apparatus.
Annex C provides, as an option, guidance for using either water spray or water jet protocols.
Annex D provides, as an option, the flame temperature of 1 000 °C, which is applicable for special applications.
Requirements are stated for an identification that can optionally be marked on the cable to signify compliance with this document.
This group safety publication focusing on the test method for circuit integrity safety for power cables of rated voltage higher than 1 kV up to and including 30 kV under fire conditions, is primarily intended to be used as a product safety standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also intended to be used by TCs in the preparation of publications for products similar to those mentioned in the scope of this group safety publication, in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a TC is, wherever applicable, to make use of either BSPs or GSPs, or both, in the preparation of its publications.
WARNING – The test given in this document can involve the use of dangerous voltages and temperatures. Suitable precautions should be taken against the risk of shock, burning, fire and explosion that can arise, and against any noxious fumes that can be produced.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC TS 60695-2-20:2024, which is a technical specification, describes a test method that applies to solid electrical insulating materials of which test specimens can be provided. The test measures the time required to ignite a test specimen when it is affected by heat from an electrically heated wire wound around the test specimen. The test method can be used to provide classifications which can be used for quality assurance, the preselection of materials of products as described in IEC 60695-1-30, or to verify the required minimum classification of materials used in end products. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2021. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
Removed all text which was related to drip or dripping, since in this 4th edition only ignition is taken into consideration for determination of the classification level;
Title changed: "Hot wire coil test method" is now "Hot wire ignition (HWI) test method".
- Technical specification23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification56 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source.
NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting.
This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens.
The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens.
NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the fire safety requirement for cigarettes.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source.
NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting.
This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens.
The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens.
NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning behaviour of vertically oriented thin and relatively flexible plastics specimens exposed to a low-energy-level flame ignition source. NOTE These specimens cannot be tested using method B of IEC 60695-11-10:2013 since they distort or shrink away from the applied flame source without igniting. This test method determines the afterflame and afterglow times of specimens. The classification system described in Annex A is intended for quality control and the preselection of component materials for products. The classification established by this method of test is applicable only to the material used for the specimens. NOTE Test results are influenced by material components, e.g. pigments, fillers, concentrations of fire retardants.
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- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the fire safety requirement for cigarettes.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method to assess the ignitability of mattresses, upholstered bed bases or mattress pads when subjected to a gas flame as an ignition source. This document does not apply to air mattresses and water beds.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method to assess the ignitability of mattresses, upholstered bed bases or mattress pads when subjected to a smouldering cigarette as an ignition source. This document does not apply to air mattresses and water beds.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.
5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.
5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.
5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.
1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.
1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.
1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.
1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.
1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish language
- Standard18 pagesEnglish language
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Most organic liquids and solids will ignite in a pressurized oxidizing gas atmosphere if heated to a sufficiently high temperature and pressure. This procedure provides a numerical value for the temperature at the onset of ignition under carefully controlled conditions. Means for extrapolation from this idealized situation to the description, appraisal, or regulation of fire and explosion hazards in specific field situations, are not established. Ranking of the ignition temperatures of several materials in the standard apparatus is generally in conformity with field experience.
4.2 The temperature at which material will ignite spontaneously (AIT) will vary greatly with the geometry of the test system and the rate of heating. To achieve good interlaboratory agreement of ignition temperatures, it is necessary to use equipment of approximately the dimensions described in the test method. It is also necessary to follow the described procedure as closely as possible.
4.3 The decomposition and oxidation of some fully fluorinated materials releases so little energy that there is no clear-cut indication of ignition. Nor will there be a clear indication of ignition if a sample volatilizes, distilling to another part of the reaction vessel, before reaching ignition temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which liquids and solids will spontaneously ignite. These materials must ignite without application of spark or flame in a high-pressure oxygen-enriched environment.
1.2 This test method is intended for use at pressures of 2.1 MPa to 20.7 MPa [300 psi to 3000 psi]. The pressure used in the description of the method is 10.3 MPa [1500 psi], and is intended for applicability to high pressure conditions. The test method, as described, is for liquids or solids with ignition temperature in the range from 60 °C to 500 °C [140 °F to 932 °F].
Note 1: Test Method G72/G72M normally utilizes samples of approximately 0.20 ± 0.03-g mass, a starting pressure of 10.3 MPa [1500 psi] and a temperature ramp rate of 5 °C/min. However, Autogenous Ignition Temperatures (AIT) can also be obtained under other test conditions. Testing experience has shown that AIT testing of volatile liquids can be influenced by the sample pre-conditioning and the sample mass. This will be addressed in the standard as Special Case 1 in subsection 8.2.2. Testing experience has also shown that AIT testing of solid or non-volatile liquid materials at low pressures (that is, 8.2.3. Since the AIT of a material is dependent on the sample mass/configuration and test conditions, any departure from the standard conditions normally used for Test Method G72/G72M testing should be clearly indicated in the test report.
1.3 This test method is for high-pressure pure oxygen. The test method may be used in atmospheres from 0.5 % to 100 % oxygen.
1.4 An apparatus suitable for these requirements is described. This test method could be applied to higher pressures and materials of higher ignition temperature. If more severe requirements or other oxidizers than those described are desired, care must be taken in selecting an alternative safe apparatus capable of withstanding the conditions.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognize...
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Building products made with tapes are often used for applications for which Test Method E84 is used for compliance with building, life safety code or mechanical code requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimen mounting procedures for tapes.
5.2 Codes are often silent with regard to testing tapes for the assessment of flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and products.
5.3 The material shall be representative of the materials used in actual field installations.
5.4 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for specimen preparation and mounting when testing tapes to assess flame spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84. Tapes are to be tested in full coverage as applied to fiber cement board as described in Test Method E84.
1.2 This practice applies to any tape intended for various uses within buildings.
1.3 Testing is conducted in accordance with Test Method E84.
1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.
1.5 This practice is not for system evaluation. It is for the comparison of the materials only.
1.6 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.
1.7 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.9 This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84. See also Section 9.
1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish language
- Standard2 pagesEnglish language
IEC 60512-99-003:2023 is used for the assessment of connectors within the scope of SC 48B that are used in balanced single-pair communication cabling with remote power, in support of e.g., IEEE 802.3 remote powering applications for point-to-point connections.
The object of this document is to detail a test schedule to determine the ability of sets of single-pair connectors as defined in the IEC 63171 series to withstand a minimum of 100 mechanical operations with electrical load, where an electrical current is being passed through the connector in accordance with IEC 60512-9-3 during the separation (unmating) step.
This document does not cover multidrop powering applications of single-pair connectors.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60512-99-003:2023 is used for the assessment of connectors within the scope of SC 48B that are used in balanced single-pair communication cabling with remote power, in support of e.g., IEEE 802.3 remote powering applications for point-to-point connections. The object of this document is to detail a test schedule to determine the ability of sets of single-pair connectors as defined in the IEC 63171 series to withstand a minimum of 100 mechanical operations with electrical load, where an electrical current is being passed through the connector in accordance with IEC 60512-9-3 during the separation (unmating) step. This document does not cover multidrop powering applications of single-pair connectors.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for the determination of cetane numbers ("CN") of diesel fuels, using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injection engine. The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuels in compression ignition engines. The cetane number is determined at constant speed in a compression ignition test engine equipped with a swirl chamber.
The cetane number scale covers the range from 0 to 100, but typical testing is performed in the CN range from about 40 to about 75. The precision of this test method covers the CN range from 44 to about 66.
This document is applicable to distillate as well as paraffinic diesel fuels intended for use in diesel engines, including those containing up to a volume fraction of 10 % fatty-acid methyl esters (FAME), ignition-improvers or other diesel fuel additives.
When this engine test procedure is used for other fuels such as synthetics and vegetable oils, samples with fuel properties that interfere with the gravity-based pre-supply pressure to the fuel pump e.g. due to high viscosity can only be used to a limited extent. Precision data for such fuels are not available at this stage.
NOTE The test method is also suitable for determining cetane numbers outside the range of the scope; however, the precision statement only applies for fuels in the specified range.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The surface burning characteristics of wood products are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems.
5.2 If it can be demonstrated that none of the methods described in this practice are applicable to a particular wood product, other mounting methods shall be permitted to be used. This information shall be included in the report.
5.3 The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E84.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing wood products to assess flames spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84 or Test Method E2768.
1.1.1 Test Method E2768 uses the same test equipment as Test Method E84.
1.2 This practice applies also to laminated products factory-produced with a wood substrate (see 8.6). This practice does not apply to wood veneers or facings intended to be applied on site over a wood substrate, which are covered by Practice E2404.
1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84 or with Test Method E2768.
1.4 Testing for the reporting of the moisture content of the test specimen is conducted with Test Methods D4442.
1.5 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.
1.6 Units—Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.
1.7 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.
1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.
1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E84, or in Test Method E2768, as appropriate. See also Section 10.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language
- Standard6 pagesEnglish language
This document specifies a test method for assessing the expansion of PVC materials and products during their combustion under the effect of heat radiation. This test method is also applicable to materials and products made from blends and mixtures of PVC with other polymers, such as PVC blended with a copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile (PVC-SAN).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the flammability of aerospace materials by upward flame propagation. This test determines if a material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris which can ignite adjacent materials.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies two test methods for determining the flammability of electrical-wire insulation and accessory materials by exposure to an external ignition source in a static environment (test A) and in a gas-flow environment (test B). These tests determine if a wire insulation material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris which can ignite adjacent materials.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These fire-test-response test methods evaluate, under the specified test conditions, the ability of a fire-resistive barrier system to inhibit thermal transmission to the electrical system component within.
4.2 In these procedures, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from these test methods to predict changes in the fire test response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in these procedures.
4.3 These test methods provide a measurement of the transmission of heat to the electrical system components within the barrier system.
4.4 These test methods provide qualification of a fireresistive barrier system as one element of an electrical system designed to maintain continuous operation of critical functions and processes for a specific fire resistance rating.
4.4.1 In addition to the temperature data provided by these test methods, numerous other factors, such as referenced in 1.4 shall be considered in specifying such a system.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover fire-test-response.
1.2 These fire-test-response test methods provide information on the temperatures recorded on the electrical system component within a fire-resistive barrier system during the period of exposure.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by these test methods include, but are not limited to:
1.4.1 The performance of the fire-resistive barrier system constructed with components other than those tested.
1.4.2 An evaluation of the functionality of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.3 An evaluation of the ampacity of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.4 An evaluation of the smoke, toxic gases, corrosivity, or other products of heating.
1.4.5 A measurement of the flame spread characteristics over the surface of the fire-resistive barrier system.
1.4.6 An evaluation of through-penetration sealing methods.
Note 1: Refer to Test Method E814 for testing of firestop systems.
1.4.7 Combustibility of materials in the fire-resistive barrier system or of the electrical system components.
1.4.8 The need for supports beyond those normally required.
1.4.9 Environmental conditions in the area of service.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish language
- Standard11 pagesEnglish language