SIST EN 13206:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2025
Polimerni materiali - Prekrivne plastomerne folije za uporabo v kmetijstvu in
vrtnarstvu
Plastics - Thermoplastic covering films for use in agriculture and horticulture
Kunststoffe - Thermoplastische Abdeckfolien für den Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft und
im Gartenbau
Plastiques - Films de couverture thermoplastiques pour utilisation en agriculture et
horticulture
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13206:2025
ICS:
65.040.30 Rastlinjaki in druge naprave Greenhouses and other
installations
83.140.10 Filmi in folije Films and sheets
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 13206
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 65.040.30; 83.140.10 Supersedes EN 13206:2017+A1:2020
English Version
Plastics - Thermoplastic covering films for use in
agriculture and horticulture
Plastiques - Films de couverture thermoplastiques Kunststoffe - Thermoplastische Abdeckfolien für den
pour utilisation en agriculture et horticulture Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 June 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13206:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Types and use . 9
5 Materials .10
6 Durability .10
7 Requirements .11
7.1 General requirements .11
7.2 Requirement for appearance .14
8 Test methods .15
8.1 Determination of thickness.15
8.2 Determination of width .15
8.3 Determination of tensile characteristics .15
8.4 Determination of impact resistance .15
8.5 Determination of elongation under a steady load (creep test) .16
8.6 Determination of visible light transmission .18
8.7 Determination of haze .18
8.8 Determination of IR effectiveness (η ) (thermal clear and thermal diffusing films) .18
ir
8.9 Determination of resistance to weathering .19
8.10 Determination of the chlorine content of used films .20
8.11 Determination of the sulfur content of used films .20
8.12 Determination of the roll/sheet length .20
9 Film acceptance, storage and handling .21
9.1 Acceptance .21
9.2 Storage and handling of rolls .21
10 Designation .21
11 Marking .22
11.1 Marking on the film .22
11.2 Marking on the packaging or label .22
12 Instructions for storage, installation and use of covering films .23
13 Design for recycling and end of life of covering films .23
14 Removal and collection instructions of used covering films .25
Annex A (informative) Exposure to other light sources .26
A.1 Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps.26
A.2 Fluorescent UV lamps .28
Annex B (informative) Empirical correlation between durations of covering films exposed to
artificial weathering and a natural exposure . 30
B.1 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps . 30
B.2 Exposure to medium pressure mercury vapour lamps . 32
B.3 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps . 32
Annex C (normative) Determination of the chlorine content by coulometry . 34
C.1 Principle . 34
C.2 Apparatus and reagents . 34
C.3 Test procedure . 34
C.4 Calculation and expression of the results . 36
C.5 Test report . 36
C.6 Precision . 36
C.7 Determination of chlorine in the presence of benzotriazole . 37
Annex D (normative) Determination of the sulfur content by ICP- OES technique . 38
D.1 Instruments and reagents . 38
D.2 Method of analysis . 38
D.3 References preparation and calibration . 39
D.4 Sample preparation (digestion) . 40
D.5 Sulfur measurement . 40
D.6 Expression of results . 40
D.7 Sulfur determination in case of presence of Ni quenchers . 40
D.8 Examples of conditions . 41
Annex E (informative) Alternative method for the determination of chlorine and sulfur contents
by X-ray fluorescence . 43
E.1 Principle . 43
E.2 Introduction . 43
E.3 Apparatus . 43
E.4 Test procedure . 43
E.5 Calculation and expression of the result . 43
E.6 Determination of chlorine in the presence of benzotriazole . 43
E.7 Sulfur determination in case of presence of Ni quenchers . 44
E.8 The test report shall include the following information: . 44
Annex F (informative) Alternative methods for the determination of sulfur content by
ultraviolet fluorescence method or by coulometry . 45
F.1 Principle . 45
F.2 Ultraviolet fluorescence method . 45
F.3 Coulometry . 47
Annex G (normative) Basic guidance for installation, use and disposal of covering films .50
G.1 Greenhouse covering films .50
G.2 Low tunnel covering films .50
Annex H (informative) Industrial standard formats of films .51
Bibliography .52

European foreword
This document (EN 13206:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the
secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2026, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13206:2017+A1:2020.
EN 13206:2017+A1:2020:
— Clause 5 on materials has been added;
— Clauses 10, 11 and 12 on designation, marking and instructions for storage, installation and use of
covering films, respectively, have been modified;
— Clause 13 on the design for recycling of end of life of covering films has been added;
— Clause 14 on removal and collection instructions of used silage stretch films has been modified,
referring to EN 18109 for additional information;
— the normative Annex G has been modified to outline basic guidance for installation, use and disposal
of covering films.
This document (EN 13206:2025) has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN
by the European Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these
requests for its Member States.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements related to dimensional, mechanical, optical and thermal
characteristics of thermoplastic films used for covering permanent or temporary greenhouses and
walking tunnels and low tunnels used for forcing and semi-forcing vegetable, fruit and flower crops.
This document is applicable to agricultural tunnel films as well as lay-flat perforated cover films.
This document specifies a classification for the durability of covering films and the test methods referred
to in this document.
This document also specifies test methods for the determination of the chlorine and sulfur contents of
films subjected to use.
This document is applicable to thermoplastic covering films used in agriculture and horticulture in
Europe, in the thickness range 20 µm up to more than 250 µm, based on polyethylene and/or ethylene
copolymers materials, of the following types: non-thermal films, thermal clear films and thermal diffusing
films.
This document also gives guidance for installation, use and disposal of covering films. It specifies the
conventional expected lifetime, as well as rules that allow evaluating the remaining use potential in the
event of a failure before the normal end-of-use date.
NOTE These rules allow estimating the residual value of the films. These provisions only apply to the film itself
and the damage it has undergone. Any other problem falls within the scope of professional practices and the general
terms and conditions of sale.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 18109:2025, Plastics — Agricultural plastic products — Installation, use, removal, sorting, collection,
preparation for recycling and design-for-recycling guidelines
EN ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1)
EN ISO 527-3, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets
(ISO 527-3)
EN ISO 4892-2:2013, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
(ISO 4892-2:2013)
EN ISO 7765-1:2004, Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling
dart method — Part 1: Staircase methods (ISO 7765-1:1988)
ISO 4591, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of average thickness of a sample, and average
thickness and yield of a roll, by gravimetric techniques (gravimetric thickness)
ISO 4592, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of length and width
ISO 4593, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning
ISO 22095, Chain of custody — General terminology and models
ASTM D 1003-13, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
width
overall width of a film when laid flat
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres, mm.
3.2
nominal width
width of a film, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres, mm.
3.3
nominal thickness
thickness of a film, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in micrometres, μm.
3.4
roll length
largest dimension of the film corresponding to the length of the unwinded roll
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres, m.
3.5
nominal length
length of a film roll or sheet, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres, m.
3.6
nominal mass
mass of a roll or sheet, as declared by the manufacturer/supplier
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kilograms, kg.
3.7
longitudinal direction
MD
direction parallel to the roll length, corresponding to the extrusion direction
3.8
transverse direction
TD
direction parallel to the width, at right angle to the length
3.9
conventional expected lifetime
expected lifetime defined by agreement between the manufacturer/supplier and the customer or, by
default, the minimum use duration that the film needs to satisfy
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in years, months or seasons.
3.10
actual useful lifetime
time interval defined as beginning from the installation date of a film until its removal or an earlier date
in case of its failure
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in months, years or seasons.
3.11
use ratio
ratio of the actual useful lifetime of a film to its conventional expected lifetime
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio or as a percentage, %.
3.12
remaining use potential
difference between the conventional expected lifetime of a film and its actual useful lifetime
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in months.
3.13
radiant exposure
H
time integral of irradiance
−2
Note 1 to entry: It is measured in joules per square metre (J ⋅ m ).
[SOURCE: ISO 9370:2017, 3.27] [1]
3.14
design for recycling
design of product, including the related accessories, in order to ensure its recyclability under the current
practices of removal, sorting, collection and recycling systems
Note 1 to entry: The purpose of the design for recycling criteria is to be able to use the recyclates back in the same
product, independent of producer of material.
[SOURCE: EN 18109:2024, 3.1.13, modified without DFR]
3.15
mechanical recycling
processing of plastic waste into secondary raw materials or products without significantly changing the
chemical structure of the material
Note 1 to entry: Plastic secondary raw material is a synonym of recyclate.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 472:2013, 2.1697, modified — Note 1 to entry changed: “plastics waste” changed to
read “plastic waste”][2]
3.16
post-consumer plastic
plastic, generated by the end-users of products, that has fulfilled its intended purpose and can no longer
be used for its intended purpose (including material returned from within the distribution chain)
Note 1 to entry: The term “post-use” is sometimes used synonymously.
Note 2 to entry: Often abbreviated as PCR.
3.17
pre-consumer plastic
material diverted from the waste stream during a manufacturing process
Note 1 to entry: Excluded is reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and
capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it.
3.18
recycled content
proportion, by mass, of recycled plastic in a product or packaging
Note 1 to entry: Only pre-consumer and post-consumer materials shall be considered as recycled content, consistent
with the following usage of terms.
3.19
controlled blending model
chain of custody model in which materials or products with a set of specified characteristics are mixed
according to certain criteria with materials or products without that set of characteristics resulting in a
known proportion of the specified characteristics in the final output
Note 1 to entry: The adhered claim may refer to a certain percentage, at batch-level and /or site-level.
[SOURCE: ISO 22095:2020, 3.3.3]
3.20
national collection scheme
NCS
voluntary or mandatory national collection system of defined plastic fractions used in agriculture or
horticulture applications
4 Types and use
The different types of covering films, their optical and thermal characteristics and use are given in
Table 1. Annex G provides basic guidance for installation, use and disposal.
Table 1 — Characteristics and use of covering films
Type Optical and thermal Use
characteristics
Non-thermal (NTh) Low IR effectiveness Forcing and semi forcing crops
Thermal clear (ThC) High transparency Same use as normal film, when
higher IR effectiveness is requested
High IR effectiveness
Type Optical and thermal Use
characteristics
Thermal diffusing Diffusing light Same use as normal film, when
(ThD) higher IR effectiveness and diffusing
High IR effectiveness
light effect are requested
5 Materials
Covering films according to this document are usually manufactured from:
— low density polyethylene (PE-LD), linear low-density polyethylene (PE-LLD) and their blends;
— ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVAC) and their blends with PE-LD or PE-LLD;
— ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers (EBA) and their blends with PE-LD or PE-LLD.
These materials can derive from virgin or recycling sources. The supplier, on request by purchaser,
should provide basic information about the history of material.
The product shall be suitable for mechanical recycling as a PE fraction, according to the design for
recycling defined in Clause 12.
Recycled content in the film shall be verified with ratio of post-consumer plastic recyclates and/or pre-
consumer plastic recyclates following a controlled blending model according to ISO 22095.
The core, which is a part of the covering film product, enables unrolling of covering film. The core shall
be recyclable and clearly marked for which material fraction to be sorted.
6 Durability
The durability of covering films is characterized by the class N, A, B, C, D, E or F. This classification, given
in Table 2, is depending on the duration of exposure of the film to an artificial weathering using xenon-
arc lamps according to 8.9, which induces a decrease of the value of tensile strain at break equal or less
than 50 % of the initial value.
The class of durability shall be declared by the manufacturer.
Table 2 — Resistance to weathering classification
Class Minimum duration of exposure
h
At irradiance At irradiance
(narrowband – 340 nm) (narrowband – 340 nm)
2 2
0,35 W/(m ·nm) 0,51 W/(m ·nm)
N 400 280
A 2 000 1 400
B 3 500 2 450
C 5 400 4 070
D 6 800 4 670
E 8 500 5 830
F 10 700 7 350
G To be agreed between the parties, To be agreed between the parties,
e.g. 8 170
e.g. 11 900
For films intended to be used outside of Europe, longer durations of exposures than this for Class F can
be required. In this case, the minimum duration of exposure shall be defined by agreement between the
manufacturer/supplier and the customer.
Other light sources may be used provided that a correlation between the test results obtained with these
light sources and these obtained after a natural exposure can be demonstrated. This may be useful when
the durations of the exposure to xenon-arc lamps as defined in Table 2 are too long. Details of these
methods are given in Annex A.
In case of dispute the choice of exposure equipment will be decided by the parties. If no agreement can
·nm) at 340nm according to 8.9 and the
be found the exposure to xenon-arc lamps with 0,35W/(m
classification according to Table 2 shall be used.
NOTE An empirical correlation between durability of covering films for greenhouses exposed to artificial
weathering and natural exposure is given in Annex B. The correlation study has been performed with an irradiance
of 0,35 W/(m⋅nm) in narrow band (340 nm).
7 Requirements
7.1 General requirements
Non-thermal films, thermal clear films and thermal diffusing films shall fulfil the requirements of Tables 3
to 5, respectively.
Table 3 — Requirements for non-thermal films
Unit Nominal thickness Test
method
Characteristics
a b c d
μm ≥ 20 ≥ 60 ≥ 100 ≥ 150 ≥ 200
Subclause
Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2
Dimensional characteristics
Tolerance of average
% ±5 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Tolerance of single point
e
% −15, +25 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Max. Tolerance of single point
% +100 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness at gel
Width tolerance/nominal width
% 0, +4
Flat film 8.2
% 0, +2,4
Tubular film
Tolerance roll length/nominal length % 0, +4 8.12
Mechanical characteristics on unexposed film
Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa ≥ 19 8.3
Tensile strain at break (MD, TD) % ≥ 250 ≥ 300 ≥ 350 ≥ 400 ≥ 450 8.3
Impact resistance
Flat area g ≥ 100 ≥ 150 ≥ 300 ≥ 350 ≥ 450 8.4.2
Fold area g ≥ 75 ≥ 100 ≥ 150 ≥ 200 ≥ 250 8.4.3
Optical characteristic on unexposed film
Visible light transmission % ≥ 90 ≥ 88 ≥ 88 ≥ 85 ≥ 85 8.6
a
20 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 60 μm.
b
60 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 100 μm.
c
100 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 150 μm.
d
150 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 200 μm.
e
Measurement shall be performed outside of any defects, e.g. gel from recycling material.
Table 4 — Requirements for thermal clear films
Unit Nominal thickness Test
method
Characteristics
a b c d
μm ≥ 25 ≥ 60 ≥ 100 ≥ 150 ≥ 200
Subclause
Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2
Dimensional characteristics
Tolerance of average
% ±5 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Tolerance of single point
e
% −15, +25 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Max. Tolerance of single point
% +100 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness at gel
Width tolerance/nominal width
% 0, +4
Flat film 8.2
% 0, +2,4
Tubular film
Tolerance roll length/nominal length % 0, +4 8.12
Mechanical characteristics on unexposed film
Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa ≥ 20 8.3
Tensile strain at break (MD, TD) % ≥ 300 ≥ 350 ≥ 400 ≥ 450 ≥ 550 8.3
Impact resistance
Flat area g ≥ 150 ≥ 250 ≥ 350 ≥ 500 ≥ 650 8.4.2
Fold area g ≥ 75 ≥ 100 ≥ 200 ≥ 350 ≥ 400 8.4.3
Elongation under a steady load (MD) % ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 8.5
Optical characteristic on unexposed film
Visible light transmission % ≥ 92 ≥ 90 ≥ 90 ≥ 88 ≥ 88 8.6
Haze % ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 25 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 8.7
IR effectiveness % ≥ 40 ≥ 50 ≥ 55 ≥ 65 ≥ 75 8.8
a
25 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 60 μm.
b
60 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 100 μm.
c
100 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 150 μm.
d
150 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 200 μm.
e
Measurement shall be performed outside of any defects, e.g. gel from recycling material.
Table 5 — Requirements for thermal diffusing films
Unit Nominal thickness Test
method
Characteristics
a b c d
μm ≥ 25 ≥ 60 ≥ 100 ≥ 150 ≥ 200
Subclause
Appearance - Shall conform to 7.2 7.2
Dimensional characteristics
Tolerance of average
% ±5 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Tolerance of single point
e
% −15, +25 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness
Max. Tolerance of single point
% +100 8.1
thickness/nominal thickness at gel
Width tolerance/nominal width
% 0, +4
Flat film 8.2
% 0, +2,4
Tubular film
Tolerance roll length/nominal
% 0, +4 8.12
length
Mechanical characteristics on unexposed film
Tensile stress at break (MD, TD) MPa ≥ 20 8.3
Tensile strain at break (MD, TD) % ≥ 200 ≥ 220 ≥ 350 ≥ 400 ≥ 500 8.3
Impact resistance
Flat area g ≥ 100 ≥ 160 ≥ 300 ≥ 400 ≥ 500 8.4.2
Fold area g ≥ 75 ≥ 110 ≥ 200 ≥ 250 ≥ 350 8.4.3
Elongation under a steady load % ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30
8.5
(MD)
Optical characteristic on unexposed film
Visible light transmission % ≥ 88 ≥ 85 ≥ 85 ≥ 80 ≥ 80 8.6
Haze % ≥ 30 ≥ 30 ≥ 30 ≥ 35 ≥ 35 8.7
IR effectiveness % ≥ 40 ≥ 55 ≥ 60 ≥ 70 ≥ 75 8.8
a
25 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 60 μm.
b
60 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 100 μm.
c
100 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 150 μm.
d
150 μm ≤ nominal thickness < 200 μm.
e
measurement shall be performed outside of any defects, e.g. gel from recycling material
7.2 Requirement for appearance
The free edges of the roll shall be sealed with adhesive tape or by some other similar means, in order to
prevent its unwinding.
The edges shall be properly in line and there shall be sufficient tension to prevent the layers of the roll
from transverse slipping when it is handled.
The film shall be homogeneous and free from visible defects which may affect the fitness for purpose of
the film; check by unrolling at least 2 m of the film and examining it against the light holding it tight at
arm's length.
NOTE Industrial standard formats of films can be found in Annex H.
8 Test methods
8.1 Determination of thickness
The thickness of single points of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4593. The average
thickness of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4591 or ISO 4593. Testing shall be
performed using one strip of film cut in transverse direction of the roll (TD).
8.2 Determination of width
The width of the film shall be determined in accordance with ISO 4592.
8.3 Determination of tensile characteristics
The tensile characteristics shall be determined according to EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3 using five
test pieces type 2, with a width of 10 mm, cut in each direction of the film, longitudinal direction (MD)
and transversal direction (TD), at a testing speed of 500 mm/min.
Calculate the arithmetic average value of the five measurements.
The arithmetic average value shall fulfil the requirements of Tables 3 to 5, as applicable.
8.4 Determination of impact resistance
8.4.1 General
In case of a folded film, a distinction shall be made between the test pieces taken from the folds (fold area)
and sample sheets taken from areas which have not been folded (flat area).
NOTE Films which are wider than 2 000 mm are usually folded lengthwise at least once before winding on a
reel. These folds are retained even when the film is laid out flat, and this can affect test results.
8.4.2 Flat area
The impact resistance (Dart drop test) in flat area shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 7765-
1:2004, method A.
Calculate the impact failure mass m , in grams, in accordance with EN ISO 7765-1.
f
The impact failure mass m shall fulfil the requirements of Tables 3 to 5, as applicable.
f
8.4.3 Fold area
The impact resistance (Dart drop test) in fold area shall be determined using the apparatus specified in
EN ISO 7765-1:2004, method A.
Spread out the film with the marked face onto the apparatus and test every folds tangentially twice,
alternately internal and external folds, with a mass as specified in Tables 3, 4, 5, as applicable. The
tangential test is obtained by shifting forward the fold of 13 mm from the vertical axle of the specimen
clamp. See Figure 1.
If no failure occurs, the result is declared “pass”.
If one failure occurs, carry out two additional tests on the fold which failed in the same position (internal
or external fold). Then, if no failure occurs, the result is declared “pass” and if one or two failure(s)
occur(s), the result is declared “fail”.
If two failures occur, the result is declared “fail”.

Key
1 external fold
2 internal fold
3 film
4 vertical axle of the specimen clamps
where:
d = 13 mm
Figure 1 — Position of impact on folds
8.5 Determination of elongation under a steady load (creep test)
8.5.1 Principle
This test method is intended to measure the creep, expressed as the elongation of the film under a steady
load in a vertical static position after a specified time period.
8.5.2 Apparatus
A typical arrangement for testing is shown in Figure 2. The test piece is hold by two grips, the upper grip
is clamped to a fixed support and a weight is hung to the lower grip to provide a steady load on the test
piece.
Key
1 fixed support
2 grips
3 test piece
4 mass
Figure 2 — Typical apparatus
8.5.3 Test pieces
Cut three test pieces from the film in the longitudinal direction (MD), with the following dimensions:
— width: 10 mm;
— overall length: 140 mm.
Gauge marks are defined on each test piece. The distance between the marks (L ) shall be 100 mm.
8.5.4 Test conditions
a) test temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C;
b) stress to be applied: 4 MPa;
c) test period: 100 h.
8.5.5 Test procedure
For each test piece, measure the thickness and the minimum width and calculate the value of the steady
load referring to the measured values.
Make two marks which defined the gauge length (L ) on the test piece.
Set the test piece in the grips.
Adjust the mass of the test stress to the calculated value, e.g. by adding or removing lead shot.
Carefully hang the test piece with the grips and the test load to the fixed support, avoiding jerks and
shocks.
During testing, the apparatus shall not be subjected to vibration or shocks which may influence the final
measurement.
After 100 h, measure and record the distance between the two marks that define the gauge length (L).
Repeat the test procedure for each test piece.
8.5.6 Expression of results
Calculate the creep A, as a percentage, using the following Formula (1):
LL−
O
A ×100
(1)
L
O
where
L is the measured initial gauge length, in mm;
O
L is the arithmetic average value, in mm, of the three measurements of the distance between
the two marks that define the gauge length at the end of testing.
8.6 Determination of visible light transmission
The total visible light transmission is determined in accordance with ASTM D 1003-13 on five test pieces
cut from the film.
Calculate the arithmetic average value of the five measurements.
The arithmetic average value shall fulfil the requirements of Table 3, 4 and 5, as applicable.
8.7 Determination of haze
The haze shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 1003-13 on five test pieces taken from the film.
Calculate the arithmetic average value of the five measurements.
The arithmetic average value shall fulfil the requirements of Table 4 and 5 as applicable.
8.8 Determination of IR effectiveness (ηir) (thermal clear and thermal diffusing films)
8.8.1 Principle
The method consists of measuring the IR transmission spectrum within wave numbers ranging from
−1 −1
1 430 cm to 770 cm (between 7 μm and 13 μm wavelengths).
This range of wavelengths corresponds to the field of maximum emission of the energy irradiated by the
earth's surface.
8.8.2 Apparatus
8.8.2.1 Infrared spectrophotometer allowing to measure and record continuously transmittance
−1 −1
between 1 500 cm and 700 cm .
8.8.2.2 Analytical balance with an accuracy of 0,1 mg or planimeter.
NOTE The determination of IR effectiveness can also be made by using IR spectrophotometers equipped with
software to integrate transmittance.
8.8.3 Test procedure
The measurement is performed on five test pieces cut from the film.
=
Put each test piece on the specimen holder of the spectrophotometer and record the spectrum of
−1 −1
transmission from 1 500 cm to 700 cm .
Measure the area between the line corresponding to a transmittance of 100 % and the curve of the
spectrum with the help of a planimeter or by using the following weighing method.
−1 −1
Cut a sheet with the trace of the spectrum (or a copy of it) at 1 430 cm and 770 cm , along the lines of
0 % and 100 % transmittance. Weigh this rectangle to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. This mass shall be stated as
P .
Then cut along the outline of the spectrum and weigh the part representing the transmission.
This second mass shall be stated as Pt.
8.8.4 Expression of results
According to the “planimeter method” the percentage of the measured area of the spectrum in respect to
the total area is the value of the IR effectiveness (η ).
ir
According to the weighing method, the IR effectiveness (η ) in the range of wavelengths between 7 μm to
ir
13 μm is given by the Formula (2):
PP
100 − t
η ×100 (2)
ir
P
Calculate the arithmetic average value of the five measurements.
The arithmetic average value shall fulfil the requirements of Table 4 and 5, as applicable.
8.9 Determination of resistance to weathering
8.9.1 Principle
The variation of the tensile strain at break of specimens is determined before and after an exposure to
xenon-arc lamps.
8.9.2 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps
Carry out the artificial weathering according to EN ISO 4892-2:2013, using one of the test conditions
given in Table 6.
Table 6 — Exposure cycle and test conditions
Exposure Irradiance
Black-
Chamber Relative
conditions standard
Broadband Narrowband
Temperature humidity
Temperature
(300 nm to 400 nm) (340 nm)
°C %
°C
2 2
W/m W/(m⋅nm)
A 102 min dry 40 ± 2 0,35 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 5
18 min water spray 40 ± 2 0,35 ± 0,02 — — —
B 102 min dry 60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 65 ± 3 38 ± 3 50 ± 5
18 min water spray 60 ± 2 0,51 ± 0,02 — — —
8.9.3 Procedure
Expose the specimens using a backing made of matt aluminium plate according to 8.9.2 during the
minimum duration of exposure specified in Table 2, corresponding to the class of durability of the film.
=
After the exposure, determine the tensile strain at break according to EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3,
using five type 2 test pieces, 10 mm wide, 150 mm long, taken longitudinally in the film (MD), at a test
speed of 500 mm/min.
8.9.4 Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the arithmetic mean value of the five measurements performed on the test pieces cut from the
exposed specimens and the arithmetic mean value of the five measurements performed on the test pieces
cut from the unexposed specimens in longitudinal direction (MD) (see 8.3). Compare these two values.
The test is considered successful when the value calculated for specimens exposed to artificial weathering
is equal or greater than 50 % of the value calculated for unexposed specimens.
8.10 Determination of the chlorine content of used films
The chlorine content of used films shall be determined in accordance with Annex C.
Alternative methods may be used if there is an agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.
For example, the chlorine content may be determined by X-ray fluorescence method according to
Annex E.
In case of dispute, the method as specified in Annex C shall be used.
8.11 Determination of the sulfur content of used films
The sulfur content of used films shall be determined in accordance with Annex D.
Alternative methods may be used if there is an agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.
For example, the sulfur content may be determined by ultraviolet fluorescence method or by coulometry
according to Annex F, or by X-ray fluorescence method according to Annex E.
In case of dispute, the method as specified in Annex D shall be used.
8.12 Determination of the roll/sheet length
The roll or sheet length shall be greater or equal to the nominal length of the roll or the sheet.
These control procedures are recommended
...