IEC 63563-2:2025

IEC 63563-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Qi Specification version 2.0 –
Part 2: Glossary
Spécification Qi version 2.0 –
Partie 2 : Glossaire
ICS 29.240.99, 35.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8327-0534-6

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- 2 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
QI SPECIFICATION VERSION 2.0 –
Part 2: Glossary
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all
national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-
operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition
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technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also
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(ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63563-2 has been prepared by technical area 15: Wireless Power Transfer, of IEC
technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment. It is an
International Standard.
It is based on Qi Specification version 2.0, Glossary and was submitted as a Fast-Track
document.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
100/4248/FDIS 100/4277/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
The structure and editorial rules used in this publication reflect the practice of the organization
which submitted it.
This document was developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC
Directives, IEC Supplement available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main
document types developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
- 4 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
WIRELESS POWER
CONSORTIUM
Qi Specification
Glossary
Definitions, Acronyms, and Symbols
Version 2.0
April 2023
DISCLAIMER
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication,
but is provided “as is” and may contain errors. The Wireless Power Consortium makes no
warranty, express or implied, with respect to this document and its contents, including any
warranty of title, ownership, merchantability, or fitness for a particular use or purpose.
Neither the Wireless Power Consortium, nor any member of the Wireless Power
Consortium will be liable for errors in this document or for any damages, including indirect
or consequential, from use of or reliance on the accuracy of this document. For any further
explanation of the contents of this document, or in case of any perceived inconsistency or ambiguity
of interpretation, contact: info@wirelesspowerconsortium.com.
RELEASE HISTORY
Specification Version Release Date Description
2.0 April 2023 Initial release of the v2.0 Qi Specification.

- 6 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
Table of Contents
1  Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2  Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3  Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1 Definitions
Active Area: The part of the Interface Surface of a Power Transmitter Product or
Power Receiver Product through which a sufficiently high magnetic flux
penetrates when the Power Transmitter Product is providing power to
the Power Receiver Product.
Air Gap: The distance between the top surface of a Power Transmitter Product
and the bottom surface of a Power Receiver Product.
NOTE: The Air Gap also comprises any additional spacing between a Power
Transmitter Product and a Power Receiver Product introduced by accessories
added by a user to either product.
Analog Ping: A short-duration Power Signal applied by a Power Transmitter with the
purpose of detecting the presence of an object, without waking up a
Power Receiver.
Authentication: A tamper-resistant process of a Power Receiver verifying the identity of a
Power Transmitter.
Baseline Power Profile: A supported Power Profile.
Baseline Protocol: The communications protocol introduced in version 1.0 of the
QiSpecification.
Certificate: A digital form of identification that provides information about a
Certificate Authority, a manufacturer, or a Power Transmitter Product
Unit, and certifies ownership of a public key.
Certificate Authority: An organization that issues Certificates.
Certificate Chain: A series of two or more Certificates where each Certificate is signed by
the owner of the preceding Certificate in the chain.
Communications and Control Unit:
The functional part of a Power Transmitter or Power Receiver that
controls the power transfer.
Control Point: The combination of voltage and current provided at the output of the
Power Receiver, and other parameters that are specific to a particular
Power Receiver implementation.
Data Stream Initiator: A Power Transmitter or Power Receiver that can open a data transport
stream.
Data Stream Responder:
A Power Transmitter or Power Receiver that can accept a data transport
stream.
Detection Unit: The functional part of a Power Transmitter that detects the presence of a
Power Receiver on the Interface Surface.
Digital Ping: A Power Signal applied by a Power Transmitter with the purpose to
wake up a Power Receiver.
- 8 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
Evaluation Assurance Level:
A numerical rating describing the depth and rigor of a security
evaluation.
Extended Protocol: The communications protocol introduced in version 1.2 and enhanced in
later versions of the QiSpecification.
Extended Power Profile: A supported Power Profile.
Foreign Object: An object that is neither part of a Power Transmitter Product nor of a
Power Receiver Product and that can generate heat when exposed to a
Power Signal.
Foreign Object Detection:
A process used by a Power Transmitter and Power Receiver to determine
whether a Foreign Object is present in the Operating Volume and can
generate heat beyond safe limits.
Friendly Metal: An integral part of a Power Receiver Product or a Power Transmitter
Product that can unintentionally generate heat when exposed to a Power
Signal.
Guaranteed Load Power:
A Load Power level agreed between the Power Receiver and the Power
Transmitter.
Interface Surface: The flat part of the surface of a Power Transmitter Product that is closest
to the Primary Coil(s).
Intermediate Certificate:
A Certificate that is positioned in a Certificate Chain between the Root
Certificate and the Leaf Certificate.
Issuer: A Certificate-providing entity such as the WPC CA or a Manufacturer CA.
Leaf Certificate: The last Certificate in a Certificate Chain.
Load: A subsystem that can draw power from a Power Receiver.
Load Power: The power dissipated in the Load.
Manufacturer CA Certificate:
A Certificate that describes a manufacturer. It is signed by the Certificate
Authority and is used as an Intermediate Certificate.
Manufacturer Code: A 16-bit number that identifies the manufacturer of the Power
Transmitter or Power Receiver. This number is also referred to as the
Power Transmitter Manufacturer Code (PTMC) or the Power Receiver
Manufacturer Code (PRMC).
Nonce: A number used only once in any given context of the Authentication
protocol.
Operating Point: The combination of the frequency, duty cycle, and amplitude of the
voltage that is applied to the Primary Cell.
Operating Volume: The set of Power Receiver spatial positions at which the Power
Transmitter can sustain a power transfer.
NOTE: The Operating Volume varies with the Power Receiver design as well as
with the power level.
Policy: A set of rules defining the behavior of a Power Receiver depending on the
outcome of Authentication.
Potential Load Power: The highest Guaranteed Load Power level the Power Transmitter can
negotiate.
Power Conversion Unit:
The functional part of a Power Transmitter that converts electrical
energy to a Power Signal.
Power Pick-up Unit: The functional part of a Power Receiver that converts a Power Signal to
electrical energy.
Power Profile: A set of features that define a compliance level of a Power Transmitter or
a Power Receiver.
NOTE: The General Section of the books in the QiSpecification lists the defined
Power Profiles.
Power Receiver: A subsystem that can extract electric power from a Power Signal.
Power Receiver Product:
A device containing a Power Receiver.
Power Signal: An alternating magnetic field.
Power Transfer Contract:
A collection of settings and limits governing a power transfer.
Power Transmitter: A subsystem that can generate a Power Signal.
Power Transmitter Product:
A device containing one or more Power Transmitters.
Power Transmitter Product Unit:
A Power Transmitter Product with a unique identity.
Primary Cell: A single Primary Coil or a combination of Primary Coils that are used to
provide a sufficiently high magnetic flux through the Active Area.
Primary Coil: A component of a Power Transmitter that converts electric current to
magnetic flux.
Product Unit Certificate:
A Certificate that describes a Power Transmitter Product Unit. It only
occurs as a Leaf Certificate.
Received Power: The power from the Power Signal dissipated by any component that is
an integral part of the Power Receiver Product.

- 10 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
Reference Quality Factor:
The lowest quality factor of a reference Power Transmitter's tank circuit,
measured with a Power Receiver positioned in the reference Power
Transmitter's Operating Volume at five reference positions.
NOTE: The Reference Quality Factor is a design property of the Power Receiver
and applies with the Power Receiver switched off.
Reference Resonance Frequency:
The highest resonance frequency of a reference Power Transmitter's
tank circuit, measured with a Power Receiver positioned in the reference
Power Transmitter's Operating Volume at five reference positions.
NOTE: The Reference Resonance Frequency is a design property of the Power
Receiver and applies with the Power Receiver switched off.
Reserved bits: The unused parts of data packets. Set to ZERO by an originator; ignored
by a recipient.
Reserved values: The unused ranges of values associated with defined fields in data
packets. Not to be used by an originator; can cause undefined behavior
by a recipient.
Response Pattern: A sequence of eight consecutive bi-phase modulated bits transmitted by a
Power Transmitter in response to a request from a Power Receiver.
Revocation: The act of removing the validity of a Certificate. Revocation is performed
by the WPC CA.
Revocation List: A list identifying Certificates that have been revoked. The format of
Revocation Lists is outside the scope of this specification.
Root Certificate: The first Certificate in a Certificate Chain. This Certificate is self-signed.
Secondary Coil: The component of a Power Receiver that converts magnetic flux to
electromotive force.
Shielding: A component in the Power Transmitter that restricts magnetic fields to
the appropriate parts of the Power Transmitter Product, or a component
in the Power Receiver that restricts magnetic fields to the appropriate
parts of the Power Receiver Product.
Supply Power: The power dissipated from the supply.
Test Power Transmitter:
A Power Transmitter Product designed to analyze and check the
operation of a Power Receiver Product’s wireless power functionality.
Test Power Receiver: A Power Receiver Product designed to analyze and check the operation
of a Power Transmitter Product’s wireless power functionality.
To Be Signed Authentication Data:
The data that is used to generate the signature for a response to an
authentication challenge.
To Be Signed Certificate:
The data that is used to generate the signature for a Certificate.
Transmitted Power: The power from the Power Signal dissipated by any object that is not an
integral part of the Power Transmitter Product.
WPID: A 48-bit number that uniquely identifies a Qi-compliant device.

- 12 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
2 Acronyms
AC Alternating Current
AWG American Wire Gauge
BPP Baseline Power Profile
CA Certificate Authority
CCU Communications and Control Unit
DC Direct Current
DCR Direct Current Resistance
EAL Evaluation Assurance Level
EM Electro Magnetic
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMF Electro Magnetic Fields
EPP Extended Power Profile
ESR Equivalent Series Resistance
FET Field Effect Transistor
FOD Foreign Object Detection
FSK Frequency-Shift Keying
lsb Least Significant Bit
msb Most Significant Bit
N/A Not Applicable
NFC Near Field Communication
PICC Proximity Integrated Circuit Card
PID Proportional Integral Differential
PRNG Pseudo-random Number Generator
PRx Power Receiver
PTx Power Transmitter
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
rms Root Mean Square
TBSAuth To Be Signed Authentication data
TBSCertificate To Be Signed Certificate
TPR Test Power Receiver
TPT Test Power Transmitter
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
USB Universal Serial Bus
WPC Wireless Power Consortium
WPID Wireless Power Identifier
NOTE: See the QiSpecification, Communications Protocol, for data packet mnemonics.

- 14 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
3 Symbols
By convention, an uppercase symbol represents an average or root-mean-square quantity and a
lowercase symbol represents a peak quantity. For example, P represents an average amount of
t
Transmitted Power, and p represents a peak Transmitted Power.
t
The addition of a prime to a symbol serves as a reminder that the physical quantity represented by
that symbol changes with the relative positions of a Power Transmitter, Power Receiver, and/or
Foreign Object(s). The non-primed symbol represents the nominal (unchanged) value of the
physical quantity. For example, L represents the inductance of a Power Transmitter when its
t
Operating Volume is empty, and L' represents the inductance as modified by the presence of a
t
Power Receiver and/or Foreign Object(s). The coupling coefficient k is an exception to this rule.
Whereas the coupling coefficient changes with the relative position of the Power Transmitter and
Power Receiver, for ease of notation, its symbol does not add a prime.
b Bit x (x = 0, …, 7)
x
B Byte x (x = 0, …, 7)
x
C and C ′ Capacitance of a Power Receiver's tank circuit; in nanofarads
r r
C and C′ Capacitance of a Power Transmitter's tank circuit; in nanofarads
t t
C Capacitance parallel to the Secondary Coil; in nanofarads
d
C Capacitance in the impedance matching network; in nanofarads
m
C Capacitance in series with the Primary Coil; in nanofarads
p
C Capacitance in series with the Secondary Coil; in nanofarads
s
d Duty cycle of the inverter in the Power Transmitter
D Distance between a coil and its Shielding; in millimeters
S
D Distance between a coil and the Interface Surface; in millimeters
z
f Clock frequency of the Load modulation communications, in kilohertz
CLK
f Modulated operating frequency; in kilohertz
mod
f Resonant detection frequency; in kilohertz
d
f Operating Frequency; in kilohertz
op
f and f ′ Resonance frequency of a Power Receiver's tank circuit; in kilohertz
r r
f Secondary resonance frequency; in kilohertz
s
f The Power Transmitter's resonance frequency when the Interface Surface is
t
empty (temperature independent).
f′ The Power Transmitter's resonance frequency when an object is present on the
t
Interface Surface (temperature independent).

(cal)
f The Power Transmitter's resonance frequency at factory calibration
t
(guaranteed empty Interface Surface); should be equal to f .
t
()ref
f′ Reference Resonance Frequency; in kilohertz
t
h Air Gap; in millimeters
i and I Current in a Power Receiver's tank circuit; in amperes
r r
i and I Current in a Power Transmitter’s tank circuit; in amperes
t t
()lim ()lim
i and I Current limit of a Power Receiver's tank circuit; in amperes
t t
I Primary Coil current modulation depth; in milliamperes
m
I Power Receiver output current; in milliamperes
o
I Primary Coil current; in milliamperes
p
k Coupling factor; dimensionless
L Inductance in the impedance matching network; in microhenries
m
L Primary Coil self-inductance (Power Receiver Product away from Base Station);
p
in microhenries
L and L′ Inductance of a Power Receiver's tank circuit; in microhenries
r r
L and L′ Inductance of a Power Transmitter's tank circuit; in microhenries
t t
L Secondary Coil self-inductance (Power Receiver Product away from Base
s
Station); in microhenries
L′ Secondary Coil self-inductance (Power Receiver Product on top of Base Station);
s
in microhenries
L The inductance of the Power Transmitter's coil when the Interface Surface is
t
empty (temperature independent).
L′ The inductance of the Power Transmitter's coil when an object is present on the
t
Interface Surface (temperature independent).
(cal)
L The inductance of the Power Transmitter's coil at factory calibration
t
(guaranteed empty Interface Surface); should be equal to L .
t
M′ Mutual inductance; in microhenries
p and P Power loss to a Foreign Object; in watts
FO FO
p and P Input Power to the Power Transmitter; in watts
i i
p and P Load Power; in watts
L L
()gtd ()gtd
p and P Guaranteed Load Power; in watts
L L
()neg ()neg
p and P Negotiable Load Power; in watts
L L
()pot ()pot
p and P Potential Load Power; in watts
L L
- 16 - IEC 63563-2:2025 © IEC 2025
()req ()req
p and P Requested Load Power; in watts
L L
p and P Output Power of the Power Receiver; in watts
o o
p and P Actual Received Power; in watts
r r
()est ()est
p and P Estimated Received Power; in watts
r r
()loss ()loss
p and P Power Receiver loss; in watts
r r
()ref ()ref
p and P Received Power Reference; in watts
r r
P Total amount of power received through the Interface Surface; in watts
PR
P Total amount of power transmitted through the Interface Surface; in watts
PT
p and P Actual Transmitted Power; in watts
t t
()loss ()loss
p and P Power Transmitter loss; in watts
t t
Q Quality factor
The quality factor of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit when the
Q
t
Interface Surface is empty (temperature dependent).
Q′ The quality factor of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit when an object is
t
present on the Interface Surface (temperature dependent).
The quality factor of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit at factory
(cal)
Q
t
calibration (guaranteed empty Interface Surface and known temperature).
(ref)
Q′ Reference Quality Factor
t
The resistance of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit when the Interface
R
t
Surface is empty (temperature dependent).
The resistance of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit when an object is
R′
t
present on the Interface Surface (temperature dependent).
(cal) The resistance of the Power Transmitter's resonant circuit at factory calibration
R
t
(guaranteed empty Interface Surface and known temperature).
t Power Control window; in milliseconds
active
t ATN Response Pattern window; in milliseconds
atn
t Calibration timeout; in milliseconds
calibrate
t Communications clock period; in microseconds
CLK
t Power control window; in milliseconds
control
t Power Control Hold-off Time; in milliseconds
delay
t Detection time window; in milliseconds
detect
t DSR data packet window; in milliseconds
dsr
t Data Transport Stream window; in milliseconds
dts
t FOD grace window; in milliseconds
FOD
t Control Error (CE) data packet interval; in milliseconds
interval
t NAK Response Pattern window; in milliseconds
nak
t Negotiation timeout; in milliseconds
negotiate
t Next data packet timeout; in milliseconds
next
t Next Digital Ping window; in milliseconds
nextping
t Received Power window offset; in milliseconds
offset
t Digital Ping window; in milliseconds
ping
t Received Power (RP8 and RP) data packet timeout; in milliseconds
power
t Received Power (RP8 and RP) data packet interval; in milliseconds
received
t Renegotiation window; in milliseconds
renegotiate
t Re-ping delay; in milliseconds
reping
t Reset window; in milliseconds
reset
t Response start window; in milliseconds
response
t Response timeout; in milliseconds
responsetimeout
t Silent window; in milliseconds
silent
t Next data packet window; in milliseconds
start
t Maximum transition t
...