ASTM C1201/C1201M-20

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Designation: C1201/C1201M − 15 C1201/C1201M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone
Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure
Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1201/C1201M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positive
and negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknown
ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2020. Published July 2015October 2020. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
C1201–09.–15. DOI: 10.1520/C1201_C1201M-15.10.1520/C1201_C1201M-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1201/C1201M − 20
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures
2.3 AAMA Standard:
AAMA TIR-A2 Design Wind Loads for Aluminum Curtain Walls
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 permanent deformation—the permanent displacement from an original position that remains after an applied load has been
removed.
3.1.2 specimen—the entire assembled unit submitted for test as described in Section 8.
3.1.3 test load—the specified difference in static air pressure (positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,
expressed in pounds-force per square foot [Pascals].
3.1.4 ultimate load—the difference in static air pressure (positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs, expressed
in pounds-force per square foot [Pascals].
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber; supplying air to, or exhausting
air from, the chamber at the rate required to maintain the test-pressure difference across the specimen; and observing, measuring,
5,6
and recording the deflection, deformations, and nature of any failures.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure
difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading
on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding
structures, and other factors. These factors are discussed in the literature in 2.2 and 2.3 and Footnotes 4 and 5.
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a function of
fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the performance will also
depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermal
expansion and contraction, etc.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; any equipment capable of performing the test procedure within the allowable
tolerances is permitted.
NOTE 2—Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.
6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box with an opening, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which, or against
which, the specimen is installed. Care should be taken when designing the chamber-to-specimen seal, to avoid edge conditions not
representative of the cladding system being tested. At least one static pressure tap shall be provided to measure the chamber
pressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or from the chamber, or any other
air movement. The air supply opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly on the test
specimen. A means of access into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments and observations after the specimen has
been installed.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268.
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Chapter 26, 1977.
“Wind Forces on Structures ,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineer, Vol 126, Part II, Paper 3269, 1961, pp. 1124–1198.
C1201/C1201M − 20
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Testing Apparatus
NOTE 3—The test chamber and the specimen mounting frame must not deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performance of the specimen
will be affected.
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, a compressed-air supply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blower designed
to provide the required maximum air-pressure difference across the specimen. The system shall provide an essentially constant
air-pressure difference for the required test period.
NOTE 4—It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separate pressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure difference so that the
test specimen can be tested for the effect of positive pressure and for the effect of negative pressure without removing, reversing, and reinstalling the test
specimen. If an adequate air supply is available, a completely airtight seal need not be provided around the perimeter of the test specimen and the
mounting panel, although it is preferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply of much greater capacity to maintain the required
pressure differences.
6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus—A device to measure the test pressure difference within an accuracy of 62 %.
6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring System—A means of measuring deflections with an accuracy of 60.001 in. [60.02 mm].
6.2.4.1 Stone deflections shall be measured perpendicular to the stone surface at anchorage locations and at the position of
maximum displacement. Additional locations for deflection measurements, if required, shall be stated by the specifier.
6.2.4.2 Deflection gauges shall be supported independently of the cladding system being tested.
6.2.4.3 For tests to determine the ultimate performance of a specimen, deflection-measuring devices with lesser precision may be
used due to possible destruction of the instruments.
7. Hazards
7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in the event of any failure. At the pressures used in this te
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