ASTM E312-02

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E312–02
Standard Practice for
Description and Selection of Conditions for Photographing
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E312; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Photographs are often used to convey information about the appearance of objects, materials, or
phenomena involved in testing.The appearance of a photograph of an object depends not only on the
appearance of the object, but on the conditions of formation of the optical image, the conditions of
formation of the photographic record, and the conditions of viewing the photograph. If the
photographicmethodofrecordingappearanceistobereproduciblefromonelaboratorytoanotherand
if photographs of various specimens or one specimen at various times are to be used for valid
comparisons, there must be an established method of describing pertinent conditions, so they may be
recorded, communicated, and standardized. The purpose of this practice is to provide such a method
of description.
2
1. Scope E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1360 Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical
1.1 This practice defines terms and symbols and provides a
2
Society of America Uniform Color Scales System
systematic method of describing the arrangement of lights,
E1541 Practice for Specifying and Matching Color Using
camera, and subject, the characteristics of the illumination, the
2
the Colorcurve System
nature of the photographic process, and the viewing system.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
Conditions for photographing certain common forms of speci-
ANSI/ISO517-1996, Apertures and Related Properties Per-
mensarerecommended.Althoughthispracticeisapplicableto
taining to Photographic Lenses—Designations and Mea-
photographicdocumentationingeneral,itisintendedforusein
3
surements
describing the photography of specimens involved in testing
ISO 3664:2000, Viewing Conditions—Graphic Technology
and in standardizing such procedures for particular kinds of
3
and Photography
specimens. This practice is applicable to macrophotography
ISO 6051:1997, Photography—Processed Reflection
but photomicrography is excluded from the scope of this
3
Prints—Storage Practices
practice.
ISO 6846:1992, Black-and-White Continuous Tone
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Papers—Determination of ISO Speed and Range for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3
Printing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
PH2.5-1979(R1986), Speed of Photographic Negative Ma-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
terials (Monochrome, Continuous-Tone), Method for De-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
termining
2. Referenced Documents
PH3.48-1972(R1978), Shutter Tests for Still-Picture Cam-
3
eras
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-
3. Terminology
2
tem
3.1 Definitions—Appearance terms used in this practice
conform to definitions in Terminology E284. Terms related to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on Geometry.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally
3
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as as E312–96. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 13th Floor, 11 W. 42nd
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. St., New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E312–02
photography conform to the cited standards of the American this practice should contribute materially to the accuracy and
National Standards Institute. precision of other standards that rely on pictures to indicate
various grades of some attribute of appearance, such as
4. Significance and Use
blistering or cracking.
4.1 This practice provides a basis for choosing, specifying,
4.4 Foracceptancetesting,manufacturingcontrol,andregu-
recording, communicating, and standardizing the conditions
latory purposes, it is desirable to employ measurement, but in
and processes that determine the nature of a photographic
those cases where there are no methods of measuring the
image of a specimen. Its provisions are particularly useful
attribute of appearance of interest, well-made photographs or
when the photographic image is used to preserve or commu-
photomechanical reproductions of them may be the best
nicate the appearance of a specimen involved in
...