ASTM E312-06
(Practice)Standard Practice for Description and Selection of Conditions for Photographing Specimens Using Analog (Film) Cameras and Digital Still Cameras (DSC)
Standard Practice for Description and Selection of Conditions for Photographing Specimens Using Analog (Film) Cameras and Digital Still Cameras (DSC)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a basis for choosing, specifying, recording, communicating, and standardizing the conditions and processes that determine the nature of a photographic image of a specimen. Its provisions are particularly useful when the photographic image is used to preserve or communicate the appearance of a specimen involved in an aging or stressing test that affects its appearance. It is often useful to compare photographs made under identical conditions before and after a test to illustrate a change in appearance.
This practice deals with specific details of camera technique and the photographic process, so it will probably be best understood and implemented by a technical photographer or someone trained in photographic science. The person requiring the photograph must clearly indicate to the photographer what features of the specimen are of technical interest, so he may use techniques that make those features clearly evident in the photograph, without misrepresenting the appearance of the specimen.
This practice provides useful guidance on presenting photographs for viewing, providing an indication of dimensions or scale, indicating the orientation of the picture, and referring to particular points on a picture. These techniques should be useful to those writing technical literature involving illustrations of the appearance of specimens. The methods of this practice should contribute materially to the accuracy and precision of other standards that rely on pictures to indicate various grades of some attribute of appearance, such as blistering or cracking.
For acceptance testing, manufacturing control, and regulatory purposes, it is desirable to employ measurement, but in those cases where there are no methods of measuring the attribute of appearance of interest, well-made photographs or photomechanical reproductions of them may be the best available way to record and communicate to an inspector the nature of the attribute of appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines terms and symbols and provides a systematic method of describing the arrangement of lights, camera, and subject, the characteristics of the illumination, the nature of the photographic process, and the viewing system. Conditions for photographing certain common forms of specimens are recommended. Although this practice is applicable to photographic documentation in general, it is intended for use in describing the photography of specimens involved in testing and in standardizing such procedures for particular kinds of specimens. This practice is applicable to macrophotography but photomicrography is excluded from the scope of this practice.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E312–06
Standard Practice for
Description and Selection of Conditions for Photographing
Specimens Using Analog (Film) Cameras and Digital Still
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Cameras (DSC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E312; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Photographs are often used to convey information about the appearance of objects, materials, or
phenomena involved in testing.The appearance of a photograph of an object depends not only on the
appearance of the object, but on the conditions of formation of the optical image, the conditions of
formation of the photographic record, and the conditions of viewing the photograph. If the
photographicmethodofrecordingappearanceistobereproduciblefromonelaboratorytoanotherand
if photographs of various specimens or one specimen at various times are to be used for valid
comparisons, there must be an established method of describing pertinent conditions, so they may be
recorded, communicated, and standardized. The purpose of this practice is to provide such a method
of description.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This practice defines terms and symbols and provides a 2.1 ASTM Standards:
systematic method of describing the arrangement of lights, D1535 PracticeforSpecifyingColorbytheMunsellSystem
camera, and subject, the characteristics of the illumination, the E284 Terminology of Appearance
nature of the photographic process, and the viewing system. E1360 Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical
Conditions for photographing certain common forms of speci- Society of America Uniform Color Scales System
mensarerecommended.Althoughthispracticeisapplicableto E1541 Practice for Specifying and Matching Color Using
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photographicdocumentationingeneral,itisintendedforusein the Colorcurve System
describing the photography of specimens involved in testing 2.2 ANSI Standards:
and in standardizing such procedures for particular kinds of ANSI/ISO517-1996, AperturesandRelatedPropertiesPer-
specimens. This practice is applicable to macrophotography taining to Photographic Lenses—Designations and Mea-
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but photomicrography is excluded from the scope of this surements
practice. ISO3664:2000, Viewing Conditions—Graphic Technology
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1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the and Photography
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ISO 18920:2000, Imaging Materials Processed Photo-
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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- graphic Reflection Prints – Storage Practices
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color and the ASTM website.
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Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on Geometry. Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally on www.astm.org.
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approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E312–02. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E0312-06. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E312–06
ISO 6846:1992, Black-and-White Continuous Tone evidentinthephotograph,withoutmisrepresentingtheappear-
Papers—Determination of ISO Speed and Range for ance of the specimen.
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Printing
4.3 This practice provides useful guidance on presenting
photographs for viewing, providing an indication of dimen-
3. Terminology
sions or scale, indicating the orientation of the picture, and
referring to particular points on a picture. These techniques
3.1 Definitions—Appearance terms used in this practice
should be useful to those writing technical literature involving
conform to definitions in Terminology E284. Terms related to
illustrations of the appearance of specimens. The methods of
photography conform to the cited standards of the American
this practice should contribute materially to the accuracy and
National Standards Institute.
precision of other standards that rely on pictures to indicate
various grades of some attribute of appearance, such as
4. Sig
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