ASTM E208-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The fracture-strength transitions of ferritic steels used in the notched condition are markedly affected by temperature. For a given “low” temperature, the size and acuity of the flaw (notch) determines the stress level required for initiation of brittle fracture. The significance of this test method is related to establishing that temperature, defined herein as the NDT temperature, at which the “small flaw” initiation curve, Fig. 1, falls to nominal yield strength stress levels with decreasing temperature, that is, the point marked NDT in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Generalized Fracture Analysis Diagram Indicating the Approximate Range of Flaw Sizes Required for Fracture Initiation at Various Levels of Nominal Stress, as Referenced by the NDT Temperature3 , 4
CAT (crack arrest temperature)–the temperature of arrest of a propagating brittle fracture. CAT curve is thus a stress versus temperature curve as related to crack arrest.
FTE (fracture transition elastic) temperature–the crack arrest temperature for a stress level equal to the yield strength thus marks the highest temperature of fracture propagation for purely elastic loads.
FTP (fracture transition plastic) temperature–the temperature above which fractures are entirely shear, that is, show no center regions of cleavage fracture, and the stress required for fracture approximates the tensile strength of the steel.
5.2 Interpretations to other conditions required for fracture initiation may be made by the use of the generalized flaw-size, stress-temperature diagram shown in Fig. 1. The diagram was derived from a wide variety of tests, both fracture-initiation and fracture-arrest tests, as correlated with the NDT temperature established by the drop-weight test. Validation of the NDT temperature has been documented by correlations with numerous service failures encountered in ship, pressure vessel, machinery component, forged, and cast steel applications.
5.3 Lists of Selected References Relating to Develop...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature of ferritic steels, 5/8 in. (15.9 mm) and thicker.
1.2 This test method may be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the steels are subject to fracture toughness requirements as determined by the drop-weight test.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: E208 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility
1
Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This drop-weight test was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory in 1952 and has been used
extensively to investigate the conditions required for initiation of brittle fractures in structural steels.
Drop-weight test facilities have been established at several Naval activities, research institutions, and
industrial organizations in this country and abroad. The method is used for specification purposes by
industrial organizations and is referenced in several ASTM specifications and the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code. This procedure was prepared to ensure that tests conducted at all locations
wouldhaveacommonmeaning.ThistestmethodwasoriginallypublishedasDepartmentoftheNavy
document NAVSHIPS-250-634-3.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nil-
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
5
ductility transition (NDT) temperature of ferritic steels, ⁄8 in. 2
Drop Weight Machine
(15.9 mm) and thicker.
1.2 This test method may be used whenever the inquiry, 3. Terminology
contract,order,orspecificationstatesthatthesteelsaresubject
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to fracture toughness requirements as determined by the
3.1.1 ferritic—thewordferriticasusedhereafterreferstoall
drop-weight test.
α-Fe steels, including martensitic, pearlitic, and all other
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded nonaustenitic steels.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.2 nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature— the maxi-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
mum temperature where a standard drop-weight specimen
and are not considered standard.
breaks when tested according to the provisions of this method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The drop-weight test employs simple beam specimens
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specially prepared to create a material crack in their tensile
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surfaces at an early time interval of the test. The test is
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
conducted by subjecting each of a series (generally four to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
eight) of specimens of a given material to a single impact load
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at a sequence of selected temperatures to determine the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
maximumtemperatureatwhichaspecimenbreaks.Theimpact
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
loadisprovidedbyaguided,free-fallingweightwithanenergy
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of 250 to 1400 ft·lbf (340 to 1900 J) depending on the yield
strength of the steel to be tested. The specimens are prevented
1
by a stop from deflecting more than a few tenths of an inch.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
Impact Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
ɛ1 2
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E208–17 . DOI: Detail drawings for the construction of this machine are available fromASTM
10.1520/E0208-19. Headquarters. Order ADJE0208. Original adjunct produced in 2002.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E208 − 19
4.2 The usual test sequence is as follows: After the prepa- ous service failures encountered in ship, pressure vessel,
rationandtemperatureconditioningofthespecimen,theinitial machinery component, forged, and cast steel applications.
drop-weighttestisconductedatatesttemperatureestimatedto
5.3 Lists of Selected References Relating to Development
be near the NDT temperature. Depending upon the results of
of Drop-Weight Test. Selected References Relating to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E208 − 17 E208 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility
1
Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes made throughout in March 2018.
INTRODUCTION
This drop-weight test was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory in 1952 and has been used
extensively to investigate the conditions required for initiation of brittle fractures in structural steels.
Drop-weight test facilities have been established at several Naval activities, research institutions, and
industrial organizations in this country and abroad. The method is used for specification purposes by
industrial organizations and is referenced in several ASTM specifications and the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code. This procedure was prepared to ensure that tests conducted at all locations
would have a common meaning. This test method was originally published as Department of the Navy
document NAVSHIPS-250-634-3.
1. Scope*
5
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature of ferritic steels, ⁄8 in. (15.9 mm)
and thicker.
1.2 This test method may be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the steels are subject to
fracture toughness requirements as determined by the drop-weight test.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
2
Drop Weight Machine
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 ferritic—the word ferritic as used hereafter refers to all α-Fe steels. This includes steels, including martensitic, pearlitic,
and all other nonaustenitic steels.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2019. Published March 2018November 2019. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
ɛ1
E208 – 06E208 – 17 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/E0208-17E01.10.1520/E0208-19.
2
Detail drawings for the construction of this machine are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJE0208. Original adjunct produced in 2002.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E208 − 19
3.1.2 nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature— the maximum temperature where a standard drop-weight specimen breaks
when tested according to the provisions of this method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The drop-weight test employs simple beam specimens specially prepared to create a material crack in their tensile surfaces
at an early time interval of the test. The test is conducted by subjecting each of a series (generally four to eight) of specimens of
a given material to a single impact load at a sequence of selected temperatures to determine the maximum temperature at which
a specimen breaks. The impact load is provided by a guided, free-falling weight with an energy of 250 to 1400 ft·lbf (340 to 1900
J) depending on the yield strength of the steel to be tested. The specimens are prevented by a stop from deflecting mo
...
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