43 - ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING
ICS 43 Details
ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING
KRAFTFAHRZEUGTECHNIK
VEHICULES ROUTIERS
CESTNA VOZILA
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 43 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 4439 standards classified under ICS 43 (ROAD VEHICLE ENGINEERING). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document gives guidelines for the assessment of thermal stress inside vehicles used for land, sea and air operation. It offers information about the assessment of hot, cold as well as moderate thermal environments by referring to different methods and specifying the constraints and necessary adjustments for the special case of vehicle climate assessment.
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IEC 62321-3-1:2026 is available as IEC 62321-3-1:2026 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62321-3-1:2026 describes the screening analysis of substances, specifically lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), total chromium (Cr), total bromine (Br), total phosphorus (P), assuming the source of P is related to TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8), Trixylyl-phosphate (CAS 25155‑23‑1), total chlorine (Cl), assuming the source of Cl is related to SCCP (CAS 85535‑84‑8), TCEP (CAS 115‑96‑8) , TBTC (CAS 1461‑22‑9), total tin (Sn), assuming the source of Sn is related to restricted organo-tin compounds, total antimony (Sb), assuming the source of Sb is related to Pyrochlore, and antimony lead yellow (CAS 8012‑00‑8) in uniform materials found in electrotechnical products, using the analytical technique of X‑ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous editions of IEC 62321-3-1:2013 and IEC 62321:2008:
a) This second edition of IEC 62321-3-1 includes the analysis of additional elements as indicators for additional substances. The selection is based on IEC TR 62936:2016. There are also comments about using the same methology for screening for content of critical raw materials (CRMs).
This document has been given the status of a horizontal document in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
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IEC 62196-3:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2025.
This document applies to high power DC interfaces and combined AC/DC interfaces of vehicle couplers that are intended for use in conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-1 and IEC 61851-23.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The content of IEC TS 62196-3-1 has been integrated into this document as normative Annex AA.
b) increased ratings for all configurations;
c) reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1:2025 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).
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This document specifies conformance tests in the form of an abstract test suite (ATS) for a system under test (SUT) that implements an electric-vehicle communication controller (EVCC) or a supply-equipment communication controller (SECC) for all direct current (DC)-specific requirements specified in ISO 15118-20 that are associated to the DC charging type. These conformance tests specify the testing of capabilities and behaviours of an SUT, as well as checking what is observed against the conformance requirements specified in ISO 15118-20 and against what the implementer states the SUT implementation's capabilities are. The capability tests within the ATS check that the observable capabilities of the SUT are in accordance with the static conformance requirements defined in ISO 15118-20. The behaviour tests of the ATS examine an implementation as thoroughly as practical over the full range of dynamic conformance requirements defined in ISO 15118-20 and within the capabilities of the SUT. The test architecture for this document is inherited from the test architecture specified in ISO 15118-21. If further aspects for DC-specific requirements are necessary, they extend this architecture and are specified in this document. The abstract test cases in this document are described leveraging this test architecture and are specified in descriptive tabular format covering the ISO/OSI layer 3 to 7 (network to application layers). In terms of coverage, this document only covers normative sections and requirements in ISO 15118-20. This document can additionally refer to specific tests for requirements on referenced standards (e.g. IETF RFCs, W3C Recommendation, etc.) if they are relevant in terms of conformance for implementations according to ISO 15118-20. However, it is explicitly not intended to widen the scope of this conformance specification to such external standards, if it is not technically necessary for the purpose of conformance testing for ISO 15118-20. Furthermore, the conformance tests specified in this document do not include the assessment of performance nor robustness or reliability of an implementation. They cannot provide judgments on the physical realization of abstract service primitives, how a system is implemented, how it provides any requested service, nor the environment of the protocol implementation. Furthermore, the abstract test cases defined in this document only consider the communication protocol and the system's behaviour defined ISO 15118-20. Power flow between the EVSE and the EV is not a prerequisite for the test cases specified in this document.
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This document defines standardized and repeatable test procedures for the evaluation of blowby oil aerosol separators and filtering devices and specifies laboratory gravimetric separation efficiency and system pressure tests in both open and closed crankcase ventilation systems. This document has a limitation of 0 % to 99 % for aerosol gravimetric efficiency. NOTE Gravimetric efficiencies > 99 % can be difficult to measure due to long test durations and absolute filter weight measurements. Filter life is not evaluated in this document. This test method only applies to devices that have a defined tubular inlet, outlet and drain that can be connected to the test equipment. For devices that lack such connections, for example, one that is built into a valve cover, see Annex A.
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This document gives an overview of the service-oriented vehicle diagnostics (SOVD) use cases. Each use case consists of name, inputs, outputs, a description and examples. Use cases are described in an abstracted form to be independent of the underlying technologies.
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This document specifies requirements intended to ensure safety and health of persons using caravan holiday homes as defined in EN 13878, as temporary or seasonal accommodation.
It specifies grades of resistance to snow loads and the stability of the structure of caravan holiday homes as well as the minimum information to be included in a user's handbook.
It also specifies the corresponding test methods.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 63479-2:2026 describes the functional requirements for infotainment services for public vehicles (PVIS).
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements intended to ensure safety and health of persons using caravan holiday homes as defined in EN 13878, as temporary or seasonal accommodation.
It specifies grades of resistance to snow loads and the stability of the structure of caravan holiday homes as well as the minimum information to be included in a user's handbook.
It also specifies the corresponding test methods.
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The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for transceivers and transmitters utilizing Ultra WideBand (UWB) technologies for location tracking for enhanced indoor devices within 6,0 GHz to 8,5 GHz.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU is given in Annex A.
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This document specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture, identification and testing of battery vehicles and multiple-element gas containers (MEGCs) containing cylinders, tubes, or bundles of cylinders. This document applies also to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing bundles of cylinders connected by a manifold which are dis-assembled from the battery vehicle and filled individually.
It is applicable to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing compressed gas, liquefied gas, and mixtures thereof. It is also applicable to battery vehicles for dissolved acetylene.
This document is not applicable to battery vehicles and MEGC for toxic gases with an LC50 value less than or equal to 200 ml/m3.
This document does not apply to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing pressure drums or tanks.
This document does not specify requirements for the vehicle chassis or motive unit.
This document is primarily intended for industrial gases other than liquefied petroleum gases (LPG).
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This document defines an application programming interface (API) which standardizes the methods for diagnosing HPCs and legacy ECUs, the retrieval of the diagnostic capabilities, and the discovery of the service-oriented vehicle diagnostics (SOVD) methods in an extended vehicle. The SOVD API provides a unified access to classic ECUs and HPCs. The SOVD API provides functions such as: access to the faults, including reading the fault entries, reading environment data, and deleting fault entries; measurements and identifications of all entities; execution of routines, input/output (I/O) controls and software functions in certain modes or states; configuration of a vehicle (e.g. equipment, country, customer demand, variant coding); encapsulation of the ExVe manufacturer specific software update strategy (including firmware over the air (FOTA) if available); access to logging information of an HPC. With these features, SOVD can cover all areas of the vehicle life cycle, including engineering (development), manufacturing (production), after sales (maintenance and repair), legal and technical inspections and vehicle operation (use). There are several aspects which are not covered by this document, as they are specific to the implementation of an SOVD server, for example: prevention and quick reaction to attack vectors like denial of service, zero-day exploits of vulnerabilities; recognition of security incidents; maintaining the operational safety based on data monitoring; management of security incidents; data privacy issues; load balancing of concurrent requests.
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This document specifies methods for evaluating the performance of engines designed for motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833, in particular with a view to the presentation of power curves and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed, for net power assessment. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark-ignition or compression-ignition) ‒ excluding free-piston engines ‒ and rotary piston engines, either naturally aspirated or pressure-charged and equipped with either mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger. Particular specifications for the test of compression-ignition engines are specified in Annex A.
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This document specifies fuelling protocols for liquid hydrogen (LH2), defining the minimum design, installation and operation requirements for a safe, as well as fast, efficient and interoperable hydrogen transfer from the fuelling station to the vehicle fuel system. This document applies to land vehicles of all types equipped with a liquid hydrogen storage system in accordance with ISO 13985. The protocols described in this document are currently limited to vehicles with storage system total internal volume equal to or comprised between 0,6 m3 and 4 m3. The requirements specified in this document are also applicable to further hydrogen applications, however, further specific requirements that can be necessary for the safe operation of such fuelling are not addressed in this document. This document specifies the requirements for liquid hydrogen fuelling and dispensing systems, fuelling station - vehicle interface and vehicle storage system in order to minimise the risk of fire, explosion or any other hydrogen adverse effects to an acceptable level, especially during and after the fuelling process.
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This document specifies the locations of coupling devices for electrical and pneumatic connections between towing and towed commercial road vehicles. It is applicable to heavy vehicles equipped with pneumatic braking systems and 24 V electrical equipment of the following types: drawbar-trailer combinations, centre-axle trailer combinations and multiple-vehicle combinations whose towing vehicles or trailers have rear‑mounted couplings or couplings mounted forward and below, and articulated vehicles. This document is not applicable to car carriers, or road vehicles equipped only with fully automatic coupling system (FACS) according to the ISO 13044 series, not mounted on the front of the trailer.
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IEC 63479-3:2026 describes the infotainment services for public vehicles (PVIS) framework, including the functional reference models and the information flows for functional operations.
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This document provides human-machine interface (HMI) design specifications in case an HMI is needed to secure the safe and/or fully understood execution of over the air (OTA) software updates for passenger cars (including sport utility vehicles and light trucks) and commercial vehicles (including heavy trucks and buses). The vehicle operator benefits from knowing if an OTA update has been successful or not, if an OTA update will influence the operation of the vehicle, or if the OTA update influences the quality of a feature. HMI specifications for the OTA software update provide support in case an HMI is needed in normal conditions, emergencies, low battery, avoidance of inadvertent actuations, alerts or specific non-standard situations.
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This document specifies the requirements for the design, manufacture, identification and testing of battery vehicles and multiple-element gas containers (MEGCs) containing cylinders, tubes, or bundles of cylinders. This document applies also to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing bundles of cylinders connected by a manifold which are dis-assembled from the battery vehicle and filled individually.
It is applicable to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing compressed gas, liquefied gas, and mixtures thereof. It is also applicable to battery vehicles for dissolved acetylene.
This document is not applicable to battery vehicles and MEGC for toxic gases with an LC50 value less than or equal to 200 ml/m3.
This document does not apply to battery vehicles and MEGCs containing pressure drums or tanks.
This document does not specify requirements for the vehicle chassis or motive unit.
This document is primarily intended for industrial gases other than liquefied petroleum gases (LPG).
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IEC 63479-2:2026 describes the functional requirements for infotainment services for public vehicles (PVIS).
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IEC 63584-210:2025 is the OCPP version 2.1. Version 2.1 is an extension of OCPP 2.0.1. OCPP 2.1 has its own JSON schemas, but the schemas are OCPP 2.0.1 schemas that have been extended with optional fields that are used by OCPP 2.1 functionality. With the minor exceptions mentioned below, all application logic developed for OCPP 2.0.1 will continue to work in OCPP 2.1 without any changes. The new features of OCPP 2.1, of course, require new application logic.
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This document provides criteria for judgement of usability of child restraint systems (CRS) with regard to the securing of a child in the child seat and other daily handling aspects. This document provides criteria for judgement of: ease of availability of instructions; clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and the ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to securing the child or child dummy in a CRS installed in vehicle. This document can be used in conjunction with either ISO 29061-1 or ISO 29061-3 for making a complete usability evaluation of CRSs attached to the vehicle with ISOFIX/LATCH or vehicle seat belts. NOTE 1 CRS includes enhanced child restraint systems (ECRS) according to UN Regulation No. 129. NOTE 2 Booster system usability evaluation, including securing of a child in the booster system, is covered by ISO 29061-5.
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The present document specifies technical requirements, limits and test methods for UWB devices installed in motor and railway vehicles in the frequency range 6,0 GHz to 8,5 GHz, used for UWB radiodetermination applications. The present document covers only monostatic radar equipment. Further details of the covered UWB radiodetermination equipment installed in motor and railway vehicles and the related EUT categories can be found in clause 4.2 of the present document.
NOTE: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
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This document provides criteria for judgement of usability of booster seat child restraint systems (CRSs) when installing them and securing a child. This document provides criteria for judgement of: ease of availability of instructions; clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to the installation in a vehicle. The procedure can also be used for evaluation of vehicle integrated booster systems. NOTE 1 CRS includes enhanced child restraint systems (ECRS) according to UN Regulation No. 129. NOTE 2 Although ISOFIX is defined in the original “ISOFIX” standard (ISO 13216-1) to be a rigid system, the term “ISOFIX” in this document is extended to include flexible CRS attachments (e.g. LATCH in USA, UAS in Canada).
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This document specifies dimensions required for the installation and integration of the high pressure fuel pump in gasoline (GDI) engines. The location of the fuel connections and the dimensions of the pump outside shape are not defined since they vary according to the manufacturer of the pump and to the particular application.
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The IEC 63382 series specifies the management of distributed energy storage systems, composed of electrically chargeable vehicle batteries (ECV-DESS), which are handled by an aggregator/flexibility operator (FO) to provide energy flexibility services to grid operators.
Aggregator and flexibility operator have the same meaning in the context of this document and represent the entity which aggregates a number of other network users (e.g. energy consumers, prosumers, DERs) bundling energy consumption or generation assets into manageable sizes for the energy system.
The aggregator/FO communicates with the charging station (CS) backend system, which is typically the system platform (HW, SW and HMI) of either a charging station operator (CSO), or a charging service provider (CSP).
The purpose of the data exchange is to perform flexibility services, and it takes place between the aggregator/FO and a dedicated interface located in the CS backend system, which has been defined FCSBE, flexibility port at the charging station backend.
This part of IEC 63382 describes the technical characteristics and architectures of ECV-DESS, including:
– EV charging stations configurations, comprising several AC-EVSEs and/or DC-EVSEs;
– individual EVs connected to grid via an EVSE and managed by an aggregator/FO.
The focus of this document is on the interface between the FO and the FCSBE and the data exchange at this interface, necessary to perform energy flexibility services (FS).
The FO/aggregator converts grid services and/or grid support functions requested by the grid operators (DSOs or TSOs) into multiple flexibility services to be provided by a number of CSs, utilizing their own optimization and resource allocation algorithms.
Communication between FO and grid operators (DSO, TSO), optimization algorithms adopted by FO, flexibility service bidding procedures are out of scope of this document.
The data exchange between FO and FCSBE typically includes:
– flexibility service request and response;
– flexibility services parameters;
– EV charging station configuration and technical capabilities;
– credentials check of parties involved in the flexibility service;
– FS execution related notifications;
– event log, detailed service record, proof of work.
The exchange of credentials has the purpose to identify, authenticate and authorize the actors involved in the flexibility service transaction, to check the validity of a FS contract and to verify the technical capabilities of the system EV + CS, and conformity to applicable technical standards to provide the requested flexibility service.
This document also describes the technical requirements of ECV-DESS, the use cases, the information exchange between the EV charging station operator (CSO) and the aggregator/FO, including both technical and business data.
It covers many aspects associated to the operation of ECV-DESS, including:
– privacy issues consequent to GDPR application (general data protection regulation);
– cybersecurity issues;
– grid code requirements, as set in national guidelines, to include ancillary services, mandatory functions and remunerated services;
– grid functions associated to V2G operation, including new services, as fast frequency response;
– authentication/authorization/transactions relative to charging sessions, including roaming, pricing and metering information;
– management of energy transfers and reporting, including information interchange, related to power/energy exchange, contractual data, metering data;
– demand response, as smart charging (V1G).
It makes a distinction between mandatory grid functions and market driven services, taking into account the functions which are embedded in the FW control of DER smart inverters.
This document deals with use cases, requirements and architectures of the ECV-DESSs with the associated EV charging stations.
Some classes of energy flexibility services (FS) have been identified and illustrated in dedic
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This document specifies the criteria for judgement of usability of child restraint systems (CRSs) when installing them with vehicle seat belts. This document provides criteria for judgement of: ease of availability of instructions; clarity of instruction manual and labelling; and ease of use of design related features of the CRS related to the installation in a vehicle. NOTE 1 CRS includes enhanced child restraint systems (ECRS) according to UN Regulation No. 129. NOTE 2 This procedure can also be used for evaluation of vehicle integrated CRS. NOTE 3 Booster system usability evaluation is covered by ISO 29061-5.
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This document provides criteria for judgement of usability of child restraint systems (CRSs) with ISOFIX attachments and their corresponding anchorage systems in vehicles. This document provides criteria for a separate evaluation of the CRS ISOFIX attachments, of the ISOFIX anchorage installation in vehicles, and an evaluation of the interface issues when installing a CRS in a certain vehicle. This document covers both rigid and flexible attachments of the CRS to the vehicle ISOFIX anchorages. NOTE 1 CRS includes enhanced child restraint system (ECRS) according to UN Regulation No. 129. NOTE 2 Although ISOFIX is defined in the original “ISOFIX” standard (ISO 13216-1) to be a rigid system, the term “ISOFIX” in this document is extended to include flexible CRS attachments (e.g. LATCH in USA, UAS in Canada).
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IEC TS 61851-26:2026, in combination with IEC 61851-1 or IEC 61851-23, gives the requirements for EV supply equipment with automatic docking and undocking functions (aEVSE) at the underbody of electrically propelled road vehicles according to ISO TS 5474-5.
Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector or a single socket-outlet.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector or more than one socket-outlet are under consideration.
This document only applies to automatic couplers of category 3, located at the underbody of an electric vehicle.
This document does not apply to automatic coupler of category 1: using a vehicle coupler defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document does not apply to automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696. EN 50696 also specifies automatic couplers located at the underbody of an electric vehicle. However, these couplers only provide DC power transfer.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.
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IEC TS 61851-27:2026, in combination with IEC 61851-1 or IEC 61851-23, gives the requirements for EV supply equipment with automatic docking and undocking functions (aEVSE) of a vehicle coupler according to IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1 for power transfer with electrically propelled road vehicles according to ISO TS 5474-5.
Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector are under consideration.
This document only applies to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 1: using vehicle couplers defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document only specifies automatic conductive energy transfer using a vehicle connector and a vehicle inlet; it does not specify automatic conductive power transfer using a plug and a socket-outlet.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic coupler of category 3 (see IEC TS 61851-26).
EMC requirements for EV supply equipment are defined in IEC 61851-21-2.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance
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IEC 62196-1:2025 is applicable to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors, vehicle inlets, herein referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies for electric vehicles (EV) intended for use in conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with a rated operating voltage not exceeding - 690 V AC 50 Hz to 60 Hz, at a rated current not exceeding 250 A, and - 1 500 V DC at a rated current not exceeding 800 A. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of new tests for latching devices and retaining means; b) inclusion of type 4 accessories.
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IEC 62196-2:2025 applies to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configurations, herein referred to as "accessories". These accessories have a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 480 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, and a rated current not exceeding 63 A three phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of electric vehicles. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) addition of new tests for latching devices; b) corrections to standard sheets.
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IEC TS 62196-7:2026 specifies the safety, interoperability, compatibility requirements and the configuration standard sheets for DC charging vehicle adapters
- with a rated voltage up to 1 500 V DC;
- between vehicle connector and vehicle inlet according to IEC 62196-3;
- used to adapt configuration GG vehicle inlet to configuration AA, BB vehicle connector as specified in the IEC 62196-3:20─.
NOTE DC vehicle adapters for other configuration combinations are under consideration.
This document is not applicable to:
- the adapter between the EV socket-outlet and the EV plug;
- the adapter between the AC vehicle connector and the AC vehicle inlet.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.
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IEC TS 63379:2026 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage not exceeding 1 500 V DC and a rated current up to and including 3 000 A that employ:
a) thermal sensing, or
b) thermal transport and thermal sensing,
with the system architecture described in 4.100.
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This document specifies requirements, procedures and message formats for controlling and monitoring of test objects, used for testing of active safety functions and autonomous vehicles. This document specifies functionality and messaging for monitoring and controlling of test objects by a control centre facilitating an interoperable test object environment. This document defines a communication protocol which allows for the control centre to safely execute tests using test objects from multiple vendors. This document does not specify the internal architecture of the test object nor control centre. This document does not specify how testing of the vehicles shall be performed.
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This document specifies dimensional requirements for clamp mounted CR fuel injectors and their corresponding cylinder head features in diesel engines. According to the injector nozzle capnut, the clamp mounted CR fuel injectors can be divided into two types: Type A, where the nozzle capnut is straight (see Figure 4); Type B, where the nozzle capnut is stepped (see Figure 5). Each clamp mounted CR fuel injector type is subdivided by a series of different sizes. NOTE This differentiation corresponds to the relationship between the two guide diameters of the clamp mounted CR fuel injectors.
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IEC 63584-210:2025 is the OCPP version 2.1. Version 2.1 is an extension of OCPP 2.0.1. OCPP 2.1 has its own JSON schemas, but the schemas are OCPP 2.0.1 schemas that have been extended with optional fields that are used by OCPP 2.1 functionality. With the minor exceptions mentioned below, all application logic developed for OCPP 2.0.1 will continue to work in OCPP 2.1 without any changes. The new features of OCPP 2.1, of course, require new application logic.
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This document specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.
The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance and safety of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. It is also possible to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems.
This document enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan.
NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in Reference [7].
NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in the IEC 62660 series.
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IEC 63382-1:2025 series specifies the management of distributed energy storage systems, composed of electrically chargeable vehicle batteries (ECV-DESS), which are handled by an aggregator/flexibility operator (FO) to provide energy flexibility services to grid operators. IEC 63382-1:2025 describes the technical characteristics and architectures of ECV-DESS, including: – EV charging stations configurations, comprising several AC-EVSEs and/or DC-EVSEs; – individual EVs connected to grid via an EVSE and managed by an aggregator/FO. The focus of this document is on the interface between the FO and the FCSBE and the data exchange at this interface, necessary to perform energy flexibility services (FS). The data exchange between FO and FCSBE typically includes: – flexibility service request and response; – flexibility services parameters; – EV charging station configuration and technical capabilities; – credentials check of parties involved in the flexibility service; – FS execution related notifications; – event log, detailed service record, proof of work. The exchange of credentials has the purpose to identify, authenticate and authorize the actors involved in the flexibility service transaction, to check the validity of a FS contract and to verify the technical capabilities of the system EV + CS, and conformity to applicable technical standards to provide the requested flexibility service. This document also describes the technical requirements of ECV-DESS, the use cases, the information exchange between the EV charging station operator (CSO) and the aggregator/FO, including both technical and business data. It covers many aspects associated to the operation of ECV-DESS, including: – privacy issues consequent to GDPR application (general data protection regulation); – cybersecurity issues; – grid code requirements, as set in national guidelines, to include ancillary services, mandatory functions and remunerated services; – grid functions associated to V2G operation, including new services, as fast frequency response; – authentication/authorization/transactions relative to charging sessions, including roaming, pricing and metering information; – management of energy transfers and reporting, including information interchange, related to power/energy exchange, contractual data, metering data; – demand response, as smart charging (V1G). It makes a distinction between mandatory grid functions and market driven services, taking into account the functions which are embedded in the FW control of DER smart inverters. This document deals with use cases, requirements and architectures of the ECV-DESSs with the associated EV charging stations. Some classes of energy flexibility services (FS) have been identified and illustrated in dedicated use cases: – following a dynamic setpoint from FO; – automatic execution of a droop curve provided by FO, according to local measurements of frequency, voltage and power; – demand response tasks, stimulated by price signals from FO; – fast frequency response. Furthermore, some other more specific flexibility service use cases include: – V2G for tertiary control with reserve market; – V2H with dynamic pricing linked to the wholesale market price; – distribution grid congestion by EV charging and discharging. FS are performed under flexibility service contracts (FSC) which can be stipulated
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This document specifies the procedure to measure or to verify the aiming of the luminous beams emitted by the front lighting devices installed on road motor vehicles excluding mopeds and motorcycles. This document prescribes the provisions specifying: a) the test conditions and test area plane; b) the preparation of the vehicle under test; c) the procedure using equipment with a distant aiming screen; d) the procedure using movable front-lighting testing system; e) the photometric measurement.
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This document gives guidance on principles and methods to determine the forces due to the collision of an errant vehicle with a vehicle restraint system (VRS) in bridge design and classify VRS with load.
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This document defines terms relating to safety glazing materials for road vehicles.
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