SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
(Main)Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures
General Information
- Abstract
The parameters to be tested and the appropriate test methods for Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (Defintions, general requirements and test procedures). Purpose: To ensure conformance of equipment to the relevant TM4 standards.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2003
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Due Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Completion Date
- 01-Dec-2003
Overview
SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 is an international standard focused on conformance testing for point-to-multipoint antennas in fixed radio systems. Issued by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST), this document specifies the essential parameters, definitions, general requirements, and standardized test procedures to verify compliance of point-to-multipoint antennas. The purpose is to ensure that these antennas meet the relevant TM4 standards, supporting regulatory approval and mutual recognition within CEPT countries.
Standardized conformance testing is critical for maintaining performance, interoperability, and regulatory compliance in wireless communication infrastructure. The procedures defined by this standard apply to antenna products whether integrated or separate from other radio equipment, and ensure uniformity in test methodology and reporting.
Key Topics
Conformance Testing
The standard outlines the test procedures for verifying that point-to-multipoint antennas fulfill the essential and complementary requirements defined in the applicable antenna standards.Essential Parameters
Key parameters subject to testing include frequency range and band, radiation pattern envelope (RPE), sector angle, gain, environmental characteristics (temperature and wind survival), antenna stability, input connector type, return loss/VSWR, and inter-port isolation.Test Methods
SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 refers to harmonized test methods that follow related international standards, such as those found in IEC 835-2-2. These include procedures for measuring RPE, gain, and other antenna properties using standardized setups.Supplier's Declaration and Test Report
Manufacturers must provide a supplier’s declaration and detailed test report confirming compliance with all mandatory requirements. The report captures test results, equipment details, and configuration used.Accreditation and Type Approval
Tests should be performed by accredited laboratories or at manufacturer premises, provided proper accreditation (e.g., ISO 9001) is in place. The results are required for approval by national regulatory authorities.
Applications
Wireless Broadband Networks
The standard is vital for manufacturers and network providers deploying fixed wireless access systems where reliable point-to-multipoint communication is required, including rural broadband initiatives and metropolitan data distribution.Telecommunication Infrastructure
Ensures antennas used in radio relay and fixed satellite communications comply with necessary regulatory and interoperability standards, supporting robust infrastructure development and maintenance.Product Certification and Market Access
Suppliers use this standard to demonstrate conformity for approvals and market access across European and international markets, leveraging mutual recognition agreements.Laboratory Testing and Quality Assurance
Testing laboratories can follow the standardized procedures and reporting templates to ensure consistency, accuracy, and repeatability in antenna performance assessments.
Related Standards
For comprehensive antenna testing and regulatory compliance, the following standards are closely related:
- ETSI EN 301 525: Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (1-3 GHz band)
- ETSI EN 302 085: Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (3-11 GHz band)
- ETSI EN 301 215: Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (11-60 GHz band)
- IEC 60835-2-2: Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave transmission systems - Antennas
- ISO/IEC 15485: Radio-frequency connectors
- ISO 9001: Quality management systems requirements (for accredited test laboratories)
Using SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 ensures uniformity in the characterization and approval of point-to-multipoint antennas, supporting quality, reliability, and compliance across the wireless communication industry.
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard
ANCE
Mexican certification and testing association.
Intertek Slovenia
Intertek testing, inspection, and certification services in Slovenia.
LNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais)
French national laboratory for metrology and testing.
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures". This standard covers: The parameters to be tested and the appropriate test methods for Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (Defintions, general requirements and test procedures). Purpose: To ensure conformance of equipment to the relevant TM4 standards.
The parameters to be tested and the appropriate test methods for Point-to-Multipoint Antennas (Defintions, general requirements and test procedures). Purpose: To ensure conformance of equipment to the relevant TM4 standards.
SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems; 33.120.40 - Aerials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fixed Radio Systems; Conformance testing; Part 3-2: Point-to-Multipoint antennas - Definitions, general requirements and test procedures33.120.40AnteneAerials33.060.30Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski komunikacijski sistemiRadio relay and fixed satellite communications systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 301 126-3-2 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)EuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)FixedRadioSystems;Conformancetesting;Part3-2:Point-to-Multipointantennas-Definitions,generalrequirementsandtestproceduresSIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)2ReferenceDEN/TM-04071Keywordsantenna,DRRS,multipoint,testing,transmissionETSI650RoutedesLuciolesF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCETel.:+33492944200Fax:+33493654716SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88ImportantnoticeIndividualcopiesofthepresentdocumentcanbedownloadedfrom:http://www.etsi.orgThepresentdocumentmaybemadeavailableinmorethanoneelectronicversionorinprint.Inanycaseofexistingorperceiveddifferenceincontentsbetweensuchversions,thereferenceversionisthePortableDocumentFormat(PDF).Incaseofdispute,thereferenceshallbetheprintingonETSIprintersofthePDFversionkeptonaspecificnetworkdrivewithinETSISecretariat.Usersofthepresentdocumentshouldbeawarethatthedocumentmaybesubjecttorevisionorchangeofstatus.InformationonthecurrentstatusofthisandotherETSIdocumentsisavailableathttp://www.etsi.org/tb/status/Ifyoufinderrorsinthepresentdocument,sendyourcommentto:editor@etsi.frCopyrightNotificationNopartmaybereproducedexceptasauthorizedbywrittenpermission.Thecopyrightandtheforegoingrestrictionextendtoreproductioninallmedia.©EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute2001.Allrightsreserved.SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.5Foreword.51Scope.62References.63Definitions,symbolsandabbreviations.73.1Definitions.73.2Symbols.93.3Abbreviations.94Requirementsrelatedtoantennasconformancetest.104.1Generalrequirements.104.2Implementationundertest(IUT).115Supplier'sdeclaration.115.1Generalcharacteristics.115.1.1Frequencyrange.115.1.1.1FrequencyBand.115.1.2ClassofantennaRPE.125.1.3SectorAngle.125.1.4Gain.125.1.5Environmentalcharacteristics.125.1.6Antennastability.125.1.7Antennainputconnector.125.1.8RL/VSWR.125.1.9Inter-portisolation.126Testproceduresforessentialrequirements.136.1Radiationpatternenvelope(RPE).136.2Antennagain.146.3Otherantennacharacteristics.166.3.1Passiveintermodulation,VSWRandinter-portisolation.16AnnexA(normative):Supplier'sDeclaration.17A.1Supplier'sDeclarationagainsttheEssentialParameters.17A.2Supplier'sDeclarationagainsttheComplementary/OptionalParameters.18A.2.1Environmentalcharacteristics.18A.2.1.1Temperaturerange.18A.2.1.2Windsurvival.18A.2.2Antennastability.18A.2.3Antennainputconnectors.18A.2.4RL/VSWR.19A.2.5Inter-portisolation.19A.3Supplementaryinformation(ifapplicable).19AnnexB(normative):Testreport.20B.1Testresults.20B.1.1Summaryoftests.20B.1.2Generalinformationaboutthetests.20B.1.3Testresultforms.21B.1.3.1RadiationPatternEnvelope(RPE).21B.1.3.1.1Azimuthco-polarradiationpatterns.21B.1.3.1.2Azimuthcross-polarradiationpatterns.22B.1.3.1.3Elevationco-polarradiationpatterns.23SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)4B.1.3.1.4Elevationcross-polarradiationpatterns.24B.1.3.2Antennagain.24B.1.3.3Environmentalconditionsduringthetest.24B.1.4MeasurementAccuracy.25B.1.4.1Gainmeasurementaccuracy.25B.1.4.2Co-polarandcross-polarradiationpatternsmeasurementaccuracy.25AnnexC(informative):Testsitedescription.26C.1Testequipmentusedfortests.27C.2Supplementaryinformation(ifapplicable).27AnnexD(informative):Bibliography.28History.29SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)5IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinETSISR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://www.etsi.org/ipr).PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinETSISR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.ForewordThisEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeEnvironmentalEngineering(EE).Thepresentdocumentdefinesthetypeapprovaltestingrequirementsfortheantennaspecificparameters,requireddirectlybytherelevantradiorelayorantennastandard.Harmonizedtestmethodsandtestreportformat,fortheseparameters,arealsocontained,herein.Inadditiontothemainbodyofthepresentdocumenttherearetwoannexes,namelytheSupplier'sDeclaration(annexA)andtheTestReport(annexB).Theparametersinthetwoannexesareaccordingtothemainbodyofthepresentdocument.Thepresentdocumentispart3-2ofamulti-partdeliverablecoveringtheFixedRadioSystem;Conformancetesting,asidentifiedbelow:Part1:"Point-to-pointequipment-Definitions,generalrequirementsandtestprocedures";Part2-1:"Point-to-Multipointequipment;Definitionsandgeneralrequirements";Part2-2:"Point-to-Multipointequipment;TestproceduresforFDMAsystems";Part2-3:"Point-to-Multipointequipment;TestproceduresforTDMAsystems";Part2-4:"Point-to-Multipointequipment;TestproceduresforFH-CDMAsystems";Part2-5:"Point-to-Multipointequipment;TestproceduresforDS-CDMAsystems";Part3-1:"Point-to-Pointantennas;Definitions,generalrequirementsandtestprocedures";Part3-2:"Point-to-Multipointantennas-Definitions,generalrequirementsandtestprocedures".NationaltranspositiondatesDateofadoptionofthisEN:DateoflatestannouncementofthisEN(doa):9March200130June2001DateoflatestpublicationofnewNationalStandardorendorsementofthisEN(dop/e):31December2001DateofwithdrawalofanyconflictingNationalStandard(dow):31December2001SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)61ScopeThepresentdocumentdetailsstandardizedproceduresforconformancetestingofantennasforpoint-to-multipointradiorelaysystems[1],[2],and[3]inordertoachievetheapprovalbytheTypeApprovalAuthority.Theprocedurefordealingwithestablishedproductsisoutsidethescopeofthepresentdocument.StandardizedproceduresarerequiredinordertofulfilCEPT/ERC/DEC/(97)10[4]onthemutualrecognition,withinCEPT,ofconformancetestofantennascarriedoutinindividualCEPTCountries.Thepresentdocumentisintendedtobeappliedinconjunctionwiththeindividualantennastandardsandwillenablecommonalityinthepresentationoftestresults,irrespectiveoftheSuppliers/accreditedlaboratorycarryingoutthetest.NOTE:TherecentdraftDirectivebytheEEC[97-149(COD)]andparallelworkwithinCEPTERConmutualrecognition,proposesthattypeapprovalagainstessentialrequirementscanbecarriedoutatmanufacturers'orthirdpartypremises.ThelevelofaccreditationrequiredneedstobeclarifiedbyCEPT.Theconformancetestsdescribedinthepresentdocumentarerelatedtoantennaspecificparametersrequireddirectlybytherelevantantennastandards[1],[2],and[3].Thepresentdocumentappliestoboththoseantennasthatareseparateandthosethatareinsomemannerpartiallyorfullyintegratedwiththeoutdoorequipment.Inallcases,whilstfacilitatingaccesstotheappropriateantennaport,testingshallpreservetheelectro-magneticenvironmenti.e.berepresentativeoftheoutdoorunitenclosure/electronicsusedinthetypical(manufacturers'recommended)configuration.Thisneedtomaintainconsistencywiththemanufacturer'srecommendedconfigurationisparticularlyimportantforlessdirectionalantennas(commonlywithlessthan25dBigain,althoughthisvaluewilldependonthespecificETS/ENparametersforthatclass,typeetc).Itisnotedthatantennasintendedforpoint-to-point(P-P)usearesimilarlythesubjectsofseparatestandardscoveringtheircharacteristicsandconformancetesting[5],[6],and[7].Insomecases,particularlyforthehighergainsandfrequencies,suchP-PantennasmaybeappropriateforP-MPusageatthediscretionoftheregulatoryauthority.Insuchcasestheregulatoryauthoritywillalsodefinetheapplicableantennaandconformance-testingstandard.2ReferencesThefollowingdocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthepresentdocument.• Referencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublicationand/oreditionnumberorversionnumber)ornon-specific.• Foraspecificreference,subsequentrevisionsdonotapply.• Foranon-specificreference,thelatestversionapplies.[1]ETSIEN301525(V1.1.1):"FixedRadioSystems;Point-to-MultipointAntennas;AntennasforPoint-to-Multipointfixedradiosystemsinthe1GHzto3GHzband".[2]ETSIEN302085(V1.1.1):"FixedRadioSystems;Point-to-MultipointAntennas;Antennasforpoint-to-multipointfixedradiosystemsinthe3GHzto11GHzband".[3]ETSIEN301215:"FixedRadioSystems;PointtoMultipointAntennas;Antennasforpoint-to-multipointfixedradiosystemsinthe11GHzto60GHzband".[4]CEPT/ERC/DEC/(97)10:"ERCDecisionof30June1997onthemutualrecognitionofconformityassessmentproceduresincludingmarkingofradioequipmentandradioterminalequipment".[5]ETSIEN300631(V1.2.1):"FixedRadioSystems;Point-to-PointAntennas;Antennasforpoint-to-pointfixedradiosystemsinthe1GHzto3GHzband".[6]ETSIEN300833(V1.2.1):"FixedRadioSystems;Point-to-pointAntennas;Antennasforpoint-to-pointfixedradiosystemsoperatinginthefrequencyband3GHzto60GHz".SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)7[7]ETSIEN301126-3-1(V1.1.1):"Fixedradiosystems;Conformancetesting;Part3-1:Point-to-Pointantennas;Definitions,generalrequirementsandtestprocedures".[8]ISOGuide25,28:"GeneralrequirementsforthecompetenceofcalibrationandtestinglaboratoriesandGeneralrulesforamodelthird-partycertificationsystemforproduct".[9]EN45001:"Generalcriteriafortheoperationoftestinglaboratories".[10]EN45002:"Generalcriteriafortheassessmentoftestinglaboratories".[11]ISO9001(1994):"Qualitysystems-Modelforqualityassuranceindesign,development,production,installationandservicing".[12]IEC60835-2-2(1994-05):"Methodsofmeasurementforequipmentusedindigitalmicrowavetransmissionsystems-Part2:Measurementsonterrestrialradio-relaysystems-Section2:Antenna".[13]ISO/IEC15485(1997):"Informationtechnology-Datainterchangeon120mmopticaldiskcartridgesusingphasechangePDformat-Capacity:650Mbytespercartridge".[14]IEC60169:"Radio-frequencyconnectors".[15]CouncilDirective91/263/EECof29April1991ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesconcerningtelecommunicationsterminalequipment,includingthemutualrecognitionoftheirconformity.[16]Directive98/13/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12February1998relatingtotelecommunicationsterminalequipmentandsatelliteearthstationequipment,includingthemutualrecognitionoftheirconformity.3Definitions,symbolsandabbreviations3.1DefinitionsForthepurposeofthepresentdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply:accreditation:Formalrecognitionthatatestinglaboratoryiscompetenttocarryoutspecifictestsorspecifictypesoftest.accreditationbody:Bodythatconductsandadministersalaboratoryaccreditationsystemandgrantsaccreditation.accreditationsystem:Systemthathasitsownrulesofprocedureandmanagementforcarryingoutlaboratoryaccreditation.accreditedlaboratory:TestinglaboratorywhichaccreditationhasbeengrantedinaccordancewiththeISOguides25and28[8]orEN45001[9]andEN45002[10].antennas:Thatpartofthetransmittingorreceivingsystemthatisdesignedtoradiateand/orreceiveelectromagneticwaves.approvaltesting:ApprovaltestingisrequiredforapprovaloftheImplementationUnderTest(IUT)bytheappropriateauthorityforregulatorypurposes.InthiscontextapprovalimpliesthattheIUThasmettheessentialrequirementsoftheETS/ENagainstwhichithasbeentested.complementaryrequirements:InanETS/ENallthoserequirementsnotpartoftheessentialrequirementsarecomplementaryrequirements.conformancetesting:ConformancetestingisthetypetestingprocesstoverifytowhatextenttheIUTconformstotheETS/EN.essentialrequirements:Basicsetofparametersandfunctionswhicharenecessarytomeetanyregulatoryobligationsimposedforradiofrequencyco-ordination.SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)8fullconformance:FullconformanceisthestatusoftheIUTwhenithassuccessfullypassedalltherequirementsoftheconformancetestingprocessandthereforemeetsallthemandatoryrequirementsoftheETS/EN.ImplementationUnderTest:Representativesampleoftheequipmenttobetested.mandatoryrequirements:AmandatoryrequirementisdefinedasonewhichtheIUT(implementationundertest)shallmeet.ToachievefullconformanceallETS/ENrequirementsaremandatory.optionalrequirements:Theterm"optional"isusedinETS/ENwithtwodifferentmeanings:-Optionalinthesensethattheparameterorfunctionitselfismandatorybutthereismorethanonepossiblevalueorconfigurationwhichmaybechosen(e.g.classofAntennaRPE,frequencyband(s),etc.).Onceanoptionisselecteditbecomesmandatory;-Optionalinthesensethatthefeatureisnotmandatory(e.g.antennainputconnectoretc.).However,oncesuchanoptionhasbeenimplementeditbecomesmandatorythatitconformstotherequirementsoftheETS/EN.supplier:Organizationrequestingtheapproval.supplier'sdeclaration:ProcedurebywhichasuppliergiveswrittenassurancethataparameterorfunctionconformstotheETS/EN.typeapprovalauthority:NationalRegulatory/LicensingAuthority.typeapprovaltesting:Typeapprovaltestingistheprocessoftypetestingforapproval.Atypetestistobecarriedoutsuccessfullyinordertoachieveapproval.typetesting:Typetestingiswherearepresentativesampleoftheequipmentistested.Thetestresultisconsideredtobeapplicableandrepresentativeforallsubsequentunitsofthesametype.AnychangesthatcouldpotentiallyaffectthethreeessentialrequirementsshallbenotifiedtotheTypeApprovalAuthority.antenna:Thatpartofthetransmittingorreceivingsystemthatisdesignedtotransmitorreceiveelectromagneticradiation.boresight:Theaxisofthemainbeaminadirectionalantenna.centralstation:Basestationwhichcommunicateseachwaywithmanyterminalstationsand,inmanycases,repeaterstations.co-polarpattern:Diagramrepresentingtheradiationpatternofatestantennawhenthereferenceantennaissimilarlypolarized,scaledindBiordBrelativetothemeasuredantennagain.cross-polarpattern:Diagramrepresentingtheradiationpatternofatestantennawhenthereferenceantennaisorthogonallypolarized,scaledindBi,ordBrelativetothemeasuredantennagain.fixedbeam:Theradiationpatterninuseisfixedrelativetoadefinedmechanicalreferenceplane.gain:Ratiooftheradiationintensityinagivendirectiontotheradiationintensitythatwouldbeobtainedifthepoweracceptedbytheantennawereradiatedisotropically.halfpowerbeamwidth:Angle,relativetothemainbeamaxis,betweenthetwodirectionsatwhichthemeasuredco-polarpatternis3dBbelowthevalueonthemainbeamaxis.inter-portisolation:RatioindBofthepowerlevelappliedtooneportofamulti-portantennatothepowerlevelreceivedinanyotherportofthesameantennaasafunctionoffrequency.isotropicradiator:Hypothetical,losslessantennahavingequalradiationintensityinalldirections.inputport(s):Flange(s)orconnector(s)throughwhichaccesstotheantennaisprovided.mainbeamaxis:Directionforwhichtheradiationintensityisamaximum.mainbeam:Radiationlobecontainingthedirectionofmaximumradiation.mechanicaltilt:Fixedangularshiftinelevationoftheantennamainbeamaxisbyachangetothephysicalmounting.radiationpattern:Envelopewithinwhichtheradiationpatternshallfit.SIST EN 301 126-3-2 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301126-3-2V1.1.1(2001-03)9envelope(RPE):EnvelopebelowwhichtheRADIATIONPATTERNshallfit.radiationpattern:Diagramrelatingpowerfluxdensityataconstantdistancefromtheantennatothedirectionrelativetothenotionalantennamainbeamaxis.Specificallyreferencedinthepresentdocumenttothezerodegreereferencedirection.radome:Cover,ofdielectricmaterial,intendedforprotectinganantennafromtheeffectsofitsphysicalenvironment.repeaterstation:Radiostationprovidingtheconnectionviatheairtoboththecentralstationandtheterminalstation(s).Theremotestationmayalsoprovidetheinterfacestothesubscriberequipment,ifapplicable.sectorangle:Declaredangleofcoverageinazimuthofasectoredantenna,definedas2αinthepresentdocument.terminalstation:Remote(out)stationwhichcommunicateswithacentralstation.tilt:Fixed,angularshiftoftheantennamainbeamaxis(boresight)intheelevationplanebyeitherelectrical,electronicormech
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