EN 55016-1-4:2010

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01-maj-2011
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SIST EN 55016-1-4:2007/A1:2008
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2007/A2:2010
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Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites
for radiated disturbance measurements
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Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures des
perturbations rayonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-1-4:2010
ICS:
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 55016-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 Supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2007 + A1:2008 + A2:2009

English version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
(CISPR 16-1-4:2010)
Spécifications des méthodes  Anforderungen an Geräte
et des appareils de mesure und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung
des perturbations radioélectriques der Verfahren zur Messung
et de l'immunité aux perturbations der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
radioélectriques - (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure Teil 1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen
des perturbations radioélectriques zur Messung der hochfrequenten
et de l'immunité aux perturbations Störaussendung (Funkstörungen)
radioélectriques - und Störfestigkeit -
Antennes et emplacements d'essai Zusatz-/Hilfseinrichtungen -
pour les mesures des perturbations Gestrahlte Störaussendung
rayonnées (CISPR 16-1-4:2010)
(CISPR 16-1-4:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 55016-1-4:2010 E
Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/885/FDIS, future edition 3 of CISPR 16-1-4, prepared by CISPR SC A,
Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-4 on 2010-06-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2007 + A1:2008 + A2:2009.
This EN 55016-1-4:2010 includes the following significant technical change with respect to
EN 55016-1-4:2007 + A1:2008 + A2:2009: provisions are added to address evaluation of a set-up table in
the frequency range above 1 GHz.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107, Electromagnetic
compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2011-03-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2013-06-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-4:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
[1] IEC 61169-8 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61169-8.
__________
- 3 - EN 55016-1-4:2010
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

CISPR 16-1-1 - Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus

CISPR 16-1-5 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-5 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration
test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

CISPR 16-2-3 - Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-2-3 -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of
disturbances and immunity - Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR/TR 16-3 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and - -
+ A1 2005 immunity measuring apparatus
+ A2 2006 and methods -
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR 16-4-2 - Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-4-2 -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit
modelling - Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 60050-161 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility

IEC 61000-4-20 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - EN 61000-4-20 -
Part 4-20: Testing and measurement
techniques - Emission and immunity testing in
transverse electromagnetic (TEM)
waveguides
CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.0 2010-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d’essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XD
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-011-8
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.6
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references.8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .9
3.1 Terms and definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviations.12
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance .12
4.1 General .12
4.2 Physical parameter for radiated emission measurements .12
4.3 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz .13
4.3.1 General .13
4.3.2 Magnetic antenna .13
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna.13
4.4 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz.13
4.4.1 Electric antenna.13
4.4.2 Magnetic antenna .14
4.4.3 Balance/cross-polar performance of antennas.14
4.5 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.14
4.5.1 General .14
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the E-field limit.14
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics.14
4.5.4 Balance of antenna .16
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna .18
4.6 Frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz.18
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – Loop antenna system .19
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.19
5.1 General .19
5.2 OATS .19
5.2.1 General .19
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure .20
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area.20
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site.21
5.2.5 Ground plane.22
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure .22
5.3 Test site suitability for other ground-plane test sites .26
5.3.1 General .26
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test sites .26
5.3.3 Site attenuation.30
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane .30
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane .31
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space test sites, as realized by
fully-absorber-lined shielded enclosures.31
5.4.2 Site performance .32
5.4.3 Site validation criteria.40
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower .40

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
5.5.1 General .40
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences .40
6 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement .42
6.1 General .42
6.2 Chamber .42
6.2.1 Chamber size and shape.42
6.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets .42
6.2.3 Stirrers .43
6.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers .43
6.2.5 Coupling attenuation .44
7 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement.45
8 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz.45
8.1 General .45
8.2 Reference test site .45
8.3 Validation of the test site.45
8.3.1 General .45
8.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation .46
8.3.3 Site validation procedures – evaluation of S .47
VSWR
8.4 Alternative test sites .59
9 Common mode absorption devices.59
9.1 General .59
9.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements .59
9.3 CMAD test jig .59
9.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration .61
9.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD .63
9.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and
tracking generator .
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas.66
Annex B (normative) Monopole (1 m rod) antenna performance equations and
characterization of the associated antenna matching network .73
Annex C (normative) Loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz.78
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5).87
Annex E (normative) Validation procedure of the open area test site for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 5).91
Annex F (informative) Basis for 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 5) .99
Bibliography . 101

Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflections on a 3 m site, showing the half beamwidth, ϕ, at the reflected ray.15
Figure 2 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.2.3).21
Figure 3 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.2.3) .21
Figure 4 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal
polarization (see 5.2.6 and Annex E) .23
Figure 5 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical
polarization using tuned dipoles (see 5.2.6 and Annex E).24

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
Figure 6 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements .28
Figure 7 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements .28
Figure 8 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements for a smaller EUT .29
Figure 9 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements for a smaller EUT .29
Figure 10 – Graph of theoretical free-space NSA as a function of the frequency for
different measurement distances (see Equation (10)) .33
Figure 11 – Measurement positions for the site validation procedure.35
Figure 12 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for the site validation
procedure .36
Figure 13 – Typical free-space reference site attenuation measurement set-up.39
Figure 14 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view).42
Figure 15 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) .42
Figure 16 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer .43
Figure 17 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 16.44
Figure 18 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example (this example is for
informative purposes only) .48
Figure 19 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (this example is for informative
purposes only) .49
Figure 20 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane (see 8.3.3.2.2 for
VSWR
description) .50
Figure 21 – S positions (height requirements) .52
VSWR
Figure 22 – Conditional test position requirements.58
Figure 23 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig.60
Figure 24 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration .62
Figure 25 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to provisions of 9.1 to 9.3 .63
Figure 26 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig.64
Figure 27 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer.65
Figure 28 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network .65
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω .69
L
Figure B.1 – Method using network analyzer.75
Figure B.2 – Method using measuring receiver and signal generator .76
Figure B.3 – Example of capacitor mounting in dummy antenna.76
Figure C.1 – The loop-antenna system, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-
loop antennas .79
Figure C.2 – A large-loop antenna containing two opposite slits, positioned
symmetrically with respect to the current probe C .80
Figure C.3 – Construction of the antenna slit .81
Figure C.4 – Example of antenna-slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction .81
Figure C.5 – Construction for the metal box containing the current probe.82
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to ensure that
there is no capacitive coupling from the leads to the loop.82

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the balun-dipole during validation of the large-loop
antenna .83
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for a large loop-antenna of 2 m diameter .83
Figure C.9 – Construction of the balun-dipole .84
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(μA/m)] and C (for
dA dV
conversion into dB(μV/m)) for two standardized measuring distances d.85
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m .85
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane.88

Table 1 – Normalized site attenuation (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave
dipoles with horizontal polarization) .30
Table 2 – Normalized site attenuation* (recommended geometries for broadband
antennas).31
Table 3 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance .34
Table 4 – Frequency ranges and step sizes .36
Table 5 – S test position designations.53
VSWR
Table 6 – S reporting requirements.58
VSWR
a
Table E.1 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for broadband
antennas.95
Table E.2 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles, horizontal polarization.96
Table E.3 – Normalized site attenuation – Recommended geometries for tuned half-
wave dipoles – vertical polarization.97
Table E.4 – Mutual coupling correction factors for geometry using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart .98
Table F.1 – Error budget .99

– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This third edition of CISPR 16-1-4 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2007
and its Amendments 1 (2007) and 2 (2008). It is a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous
edition: provisions are added to address evaluation of a set-up table in the frequency range
above 1 GHz.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,
Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility
publications.
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CISPR/A/885/FDIS CISPR/A/891/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigendum of December 2010 have been included in this copy.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications
for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of
the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated
disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, and further information on radio disturbance
is given in Part 3 of CISPR 16. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in
Part 4 of CISPR 16.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-5:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antenna
calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
CISPR 16-2-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1(2005)
Amendment 2(2006)
CISPR 16-4-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
IEC 61000-4-20, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-20: Testing and measurement
techniques – Emission and immunity testing in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply, as
well as those of CISPR 16-1-1, CISPR 16-1-5, and IEC 60050-161.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive
electromagnetic waves in a specified way
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
NOTE 2 This term covers various devices such as the wire antenna, free-space-resonant dipole, hybrid antenna
and horn antenna.
3.1.2
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced trans-
mission line or device or vice versa
3.1.3
calibration test site
CALTS
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation performance
in horizontal and vertical E-field (electric field) polarization
NOTE 1 A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
NOTE 2 Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site attenuation
measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of the compliance test site.
3.1.4
common mode absorption device
CMAD
device that may be applied on cables leaving the test volume in radiated emission
measurements to reduce the compliance uncertainty
3.1.5
compliance test site
COMTS
environment that assures valid, repeatable measurement results of the disturbance field
strength from equipment under test for comparison to a compliance limit
3.1.6
cross-polar response
measure of the rejection by the antenna of the cross-polarized field, when the antenna is
rotated in a linearly polarized electromagnetic field that is uniform in phase and amplitude over
the aperture of the antenna under test

– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
3.1.7
fully-anechoic room
FAR
shielded enclosure, the internal surfaces of which are lined with radio-frequency-energy
absorbing material (i.e. RF absorber) that absorbs electromagnetic energy in the frequency
range of interest
3.1.8
free-space-resonant dipole
wire antenna consisting of two straight colinear conductors of equal length, placed end to end,
separated by a small gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long such
that at the specified frequency, the input impedance of the wire antenna measured across the
gap is pure real when the dipole is located in the free space
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, this wire antenna connected to the balun is also called the "test antenna".
NOTE 2 This wire antenna is also referred to as "tuned dipole".
3.1.9
hybrid antenna
conventional wire-element log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna with boom lengthened at
the open-circuit end to add one broadband dipole (e.g. biconical or bow-tie), such that the
infinite balun (boom) of the LPDA serves as a voltage source for the broadband dipole
Typically a common-mode choke is used at this end of the boom to minimize parasitic
(unintended) RF currents on the outer conductor of the coaxial cable flowing into the receiver.
3.1.10
insertion loss
loss arising from the insertion of a device into a transmission line, expressed as the ratio of
voltages immediately before and after the point of insertion of a device under test, before and
after the insertion
It is equal to the inverse of the transmission S-parameter, |1/S |.
3.1.11
low-uncertainty antenna
robust biconical or LPDA antenna that meets the balance and cross-polar performance
requirements of this standard, and whose antenna factor has an uncertainty of less than
±0,5 dB, used for the measurement of E-field strength at a defined point in space
NOTE It is further described in A.2.3.
3.1.12
quasi-free space test-site
facility for radiated emission measurements, or antenna calibration, that is intended to achieve
free-space conditions
Unwanted reflections from the surroundings are kept to a minimum in order to satisfy the site
acceptance criterion applicable to the radiated emission measurement or antenna calibration
procedure being considered.
3.1.13
reflection coefficient
ratio of a common quantity to both the reflected and incident travelling waves
Hence, the voltage reflection coefficient is defined as the ratio of the complex voltage of the
reflected wave to the complex voltage of the incident wave. The voltage reflection coefficient is
equal to the scattering parameter S .
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010 – 11 –
3.1.14
scattering parameters (S-parameters)
set of four parameters used to describe the properties of a two-port network inserted into a
transmission line
3.1.15
semi-anechoic chamber
SAC
shielded enclosure, in which five of the six internal surfaces are lined with radio-frequency-
energy absorbing material (i.e. RF absorber) that absorbs electromagnetic energy in the
frequency range of interest, and the bottom horizontal surface is a conducting ground plane for
use with OATS test set-ups
3.1.16
short-open-load-through calibration method
SOLT
through-open-short-match calibration method
TOSM
calibration method for a vector network analyzer using three known impedance standards –
short, open, and match/load, and a single transmission standard – through
The SOLT method is widely used, and the necessary calibration kits with 50 Ω characteristic
impedance components are commonly available. A full two-port error model includes six error
terms for each of the forward and reverse directions, for a total of twelve separate error terms,
and requires twelve reference measurements to perform the calibration.
3.1.17
site attenuation
minimum site insertion loss measured between two polarization-matched antennas located on
a test site when one antenna is moved vertically over a specified height range and the other is
set at a fixed height
3.1.18
site insertion loss
loss between a pair of antennas placed at specified positions on a test site, when a direct
electrical connection between the generator output and receiver input is replaced by
transmitting and receiving antennas placed at the specified positions
3.1.19
test volume
volume in the FAR in which the EUT is positioned
NOTE In this volume, the quasi-free space condition is met and this volume is typically 0,5 m or more from the
absorbing material of the FAR.
3.1.20
through-reflect-line (TRL) calibration
calibration method for a vector network analyzer using three known impedance standards
“through”, “reflect” and “line” for the internal or external calibration of the VNA
Four reference measurements are needed for this calibration.
3.1.21
vector network analyzer
VNA
network analyzer capable of measuring complex values of the four S-parameters S , S , S ,
11 12 21
S
– 12 – CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2010
3.2 Abbreviations
EUT Equipment under test
FSOATS Free-space OATS
LAS Loop antenna system
LLA Large-loop antenna
LPDA Log-periodic dipole array
NSA Normalised site attenuation
OATS Open-area test site
SA Site attenuation
SAC Semi-anechoic chamber
Site voltage standing wave ratio
S
VSWR
VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance
4.1 General
Antennas of the type that are used for radiated emission measurements, having been
calibrated, shall be used to measure the field strength, taking into account their radiation
patterns and mutual coupling with their surroundings. The antenna and the circuits inserted
between it and the measu
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