EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2013
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Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites
for radiated disturbance measurements
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur
Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Teil
1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
(Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Zusatz-/Hilfseinrichtungen - Gestrahlte
Störaussendung
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures des
perturbations rayonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 55016-1-4/A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20
English version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
(CISPR 16-1-4:2010/A1:2012)
Spécifications des méthodes et des Anforderungen an Geräte und
appareils de mesure des perturbations Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung
radioélectriques et de l'immunité der Verfahren zur Messung der
aux perturbations radioélectriques - hochfrequenten Störaussendung
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
perturbations radioélectriques Teil 1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen
et de l'immunité aux perturbations zur Messung der hochfrequenten
radioélectriques - Störaussendung (Funkstörungen)
Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour und Störfestigkeit -
les mesures des perturbations rayonnées Antennen und Messplätze für Messungen
(CISPR 16-1-4:2010/A1:2012) der gesterahlten Störaussendung
(CISPR 16-1-4:2010/A1:2012)
This amendment A1 modifies the European Standard EN 55016-1-4:2010; it was approved by CENELEC on
2012-08-15. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this amendment the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012 E

Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/995/FDIS, future amendment 1 to edition 3 of CISPR 16-1-4, prepared
by SC A "Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods" of IEC/TC CISPR "International
special committee on radio interference" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and
approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-05-16
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2015-08-15
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-4:2010/A1:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.

- 3 - EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

In Annex ZA of EN 55016-1-4:2010, Delete the existing date and delete the two existing
amendments from CISPR/TR 16-3:

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

CISPR/TR 16-3 - Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus
and methods -
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 3.0 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE

COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and test

sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux

perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements d’essai pour les mesures

des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX X
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-150-3

– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee A: Radio-interference measurements
and statistical methods, of IEC technical committee CISPR: International special committee
on radio interference.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CISPR/A/995/FDIS CISPR/A/1005/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
_____________
CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
INTRODUCTION
(to Amendment 1)
This amendment introduces the Reference Site Method (RSM). In addition to introducing new
content, Clause 5 is significantly restructured. To aid the reader in navigating this
amendment, the following table provides a comparison of subclauses in the existing
Edition 3.0 with those in this amendment. This introduction will be removed before the
subsequent edition is published.
Comparison of Clause 5 between original Edition 3.0 and Amendment 1
Original Edition 3.0 Amendment 1
5 Test sites for the measurement of radio 5 Test sites for the measurement of radio
disturbance field strength for the frequency disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz
5.1 General 5.1 General
5.2 OATS 5.2 OATS
5.2.1 General 5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure 5.2.2 Weather protection enclosure
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area 5.2.3 Obstruction-free area
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test 5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a
site test site
5.2.5 Ground plane 5.2.5 Ground plane
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure
5.3 Test site suitability for other ground-plane test 5.3 Suitability of other test sites
sites
5.3.1 General 5.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test 5.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
sites
5.3.3 Site attenuation
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane 5.4 Test site validation
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space 5.4.1 General
test sites, as realized by fully-absorber-lined
shielded enclosures
5.4.2 Site performance 5.4.2 Overview of test site validations
5.4.3 Site validation criteria 5.4.3 Principles and values of the NSA method for
OATS and SAC
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC
5.4.5 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method
5.4.6 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed
OATS or a SAC
5.4.7 Site validation for FARs
5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower 5.5 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower
5.5.1 General 5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table 5.5.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table
influences influences
– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
2 Normative references
Remove the existing date and remove the two existing amendment references from the
existing reference to CISPR/TR 16-3.
3.1.12
quasi-free space test-site
Replace the existing term by the new term “quasi free-space test site”.
3.1.15
semi-anechoic chamber
SAC
Replace the existing definition of this term by the following new definition:
shielded enclosure in which all surfaces except the metal floor are covered with material that
absorbs electromagnetic energy (i.e. RF absorber) in the frequency range of interest
3.1.19
test volume
Replace, in the existing definition of this term, “the FAR” by “a FAR”.
Replace, in the existing Note of this term, “quasi-free space condition” by “quasi free-space
condition”, and “the FAR” by “a FAR”.
Add, after the existing definition 3.1.21, the following new terms and definitions 3.1.22, 3.1.23,
3.1.24, 3.1.25, 3.1.26 and 3.1.27:
3.1.22
antenna factor
AF
F
a
ratio of the electric field strength of an incident plane wave to the voltage induced across a
specified load (typically 50 Ω) connected to the antenna
NOTE 1 F is affected by the load impedance connected to the antenna radiating elements, and is frequency
a
dependent. For a biconical antenna this impedance could be up to 200 Ω. For antennas with no balun the
impedance is equal to the load impedance, typically 50 Ω.
NOTE 2 Usually, the AF is defined for the plane wave incident from the direction corresponding with the maximum
gain of the antenna and at a specified point of the antenna.
-1
NOTE 3 The AF has the physical dimension of inverse metres (m ) and measured data are normally expressed
-1
in dB(m ). In radiated emission measurements, if F is known, the strength of an incident field, E, can be estimated
a
from a reading, V, of a measuring receiver connected to the antenna as follows:
E = V + F
a
-1
where E is in dB(µV/m), V is in dB(µV) and F is in dB(m ).
a
3.1.23
antenna factor, free-space
F
a fs
AF of an antenna located in a free-space environment
NOTE F is a measurand for uncertainty calculation for antenna calibration. For NSA measurements F is an
a fs a fs
input quantity for uncertainty calculation.

CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
3.1.24
antenna pair reference site attenuation
A
APR
set of site attenuation measurement results for both vertical and horizontal polarizations using
a pair of antennas separated by a defined distance at an ideal open-area test site, with one
antenna at a specified fixed height above the ground plane, and the other antenna scanned
over a specified height range in which the minimum insertion loss is recorded
NOTE 1 A is a measurand for uncertainty calculation.
APR
NOTE 2 A measurements are used for comparison to corresponding site attenuation measurements of a
APR
COMTS to evaluate the performance of the COMTS.
3.1.25
antenna reference point
midpoint of an antenna from which the distance to the EUT or second antenna is measured
NOTE The antenna reference point is either defined by the manufacturer using a marker on LPDA antennas or by
the calibration laboratory.
3.1.26
ideal open-area test site
open-area test site having a perfectly flat, perfectly conducting ground plane of infinite area,
and with no reflecting objects except the ground plane
NOTE An ideal OATS is a theoretical construct that is used in the definition of the measurand A and in the
APR
calculation of the theoretical normalized site attenuation A for ground plane sites.
N
3.1.27
reference test site
REFTS
open-area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation
performance in horizontal and vertical electric field polarizations
3.2 Abbreviations
Add, before the existing abbreviation EUT of this subclause, the following new sentence:
The following are abbreviations used in this standard that are not already given in 3.1.
Add the following new abbreviation to the existing list:
RSM Reference site method
Delete, in the existing list, the entire abbreviation SAC.
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics
Replace, in item c) 2) of the list, in the paragraph after the variable list of Equation (4), the
existing text “corrections or as” by “a correction with associated”.
Delete the existing NOTE 3 in the existing item c) 3) of the list.
Replace, in the list of quantities below Equation (4), existing quantity "h " by "h " and replace
1 2
existing quantity "h " by "h "
2 1 .
– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
Replace the existing Figure 1 by the following new figure:

ϕ
h
h
d
IEC  1072/12
Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflections on a 3 m site, showing the half beamwidth, φ , at the reflected ray
4.5.4.2 Balun DM/CM conversion check
Replace, in the existing Note 2, “room” by “FAR”, and “±4 dB criterion” by “± 4 dB site
validation criterion”.
Replace, in the existing Note 3, “fully-anechoic room” by “FAR”, and “NSA (normalized site
attenuation)” by “site validation”.
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna
Replace, in the third paragraph of this subclause, “quasi-free space conditions” by “quasi
free-space conditions”, and “high-quality anechoic chamber” by “high-quality fully anechoic
room”.
5.1 General
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text:
An environment is required that assures valid, repeatable measurement results of disturbance
field strength from an EUT. For an EUT that can only be tested at its place of use, other
provisions shall be utilized (i.e. see details on in-situ measurements in CISPR 16-2-3).
5.2.1 General
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text:
An OATS is an area characterized by cleared level terrain and the presence of a ground
plane. To meet the validation requirements of this standard, a metallic ground plane is
recommended. Such a test site shall be free of buildings, electric lines, fences, trees, etc. and
free from underground cables, pipelines, etc., except as required to supply and operate the
EUT. Refer to Annex D for specific construction recommendations of an OATS for disturbance
field-strength measurements in the range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz. The site validation

CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
procedures for an OATS are given in 5.4.4 and 5.4.5. Annex F explains the basis for the
acceptability criterion.
5.2.3 Obstruction-free area
Replace the third paragraph of this subclause by the following new paragraph:
For this ellipse, the length of the path taken by the undesired indirect ray reflected from any
object on the perimeter is twice the length of the path taken by the direct ray between the foci.
If a large EUT is installed on the turntable, the obstruction-free area shall be expanded so that
the obstruction clearance distances exist from the perimeter of the EUT.
Replace, in the last sentence of the fourth paragraph of this subclause, the existing words
“separation distance” by “measurement distance”.
Replace the existing Figure 2 by the following new figure:

Major axis = 2d
Minor axis = d  3
d/2
d d/2
Antenna Test sample
Boundary of area
defined by an ellipse
IEC  1073/12
Figure 2 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.2.3)

– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
Replace the existing Figure 3 by the following new figure:

≥ 1,5 d
Test antenna
location
d
Boundary of EUT
Boundary of obstruction-free
area
Boundary of area
IEC  1074/12
Figure 3 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.2.3)
5.2.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site
Replace the first paragraph of this subclause before the list by the following new paragraph:
The ambient radio frequency levels at an OATS shall be sufficiently low compared to the
levels of measurements to be performed. The quality of the site in this regard may be
evaluated under four categories, listed below in order of merit:
Replace the existing note of this subclause by the following new note:
NOTE A measured ambient level of 20 dB or more below the emission limit is considered optimum.
5.2.5 Ground plane
Replace the existing text in this subclause by the following new text:
The OATS ground plane can be at earth level or elevated on a suitably sized platform or
horizontal rooftop site. A metal ground plane is preferred, but for certain equipment and
applications, product publications may recommend other site types. Adequacy of the metal
ground plane will be dependent on whether the test site meets the site validation
requirements of 5.4. If metallic material is not used, caution is required to select a site that
does not change its reflective characteristics with time, weather conditions, or effects due to
buried metallic material such as pipes, conduits, and non-homogeneous soil. Such sites
generally give different SA characteristics compared to those with metallic surfaces.
5.2.6 OATS validation procedure
Delete this existing subclause, as well as the existing subclauses 5.2.6.1 to 5.2.6.4.

CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
5.3 Test site suitability for other ground-plane test sites
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.3 Suitability of other test sites
5.3.1 General
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text and new note:
There are many different test sites and facilities that have been constructed and used to make
radiated emission measurements. Most are protected from the weather and the adverse
effects of the radio frequency ambient. In a SAC, all walls and the ceiling are equipped with
appropriate absorbing material. The floor consists of a metallic ground plane to emulate an
OATS. A SAC isolates the receiving antenna from the RF ambient environment, and permits
EUT testing independent of weather conditions.
Whenever construction material encloses a ground-plane test site, it is possible that the
results of a validation measurement at a single location, as specified in 5.4.5, are not
adequate to show acceptability of such an alternative site.
To evaluate suitability of an alternative ground-plane test site, the procedure of 5.4.6 shall be
used, which is based on making multiple validation measurements throughout a volume
occupied by the EUT. These validation measurement results shall all be within a tolerance of
± 4 dB for a site to be judged suitable as an equivalent to an OATS.
NOTE SACs typically meet the site quality categories listed in 5.2.4.
5.3.2 Normalized site attenuation for alternative test sites
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR)
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text and new note:
A fully-absorber-lined shielded enclosure, also known as a fully-anechoic room (FAR), can be
used for radiated emission measurements. When a FAR site is used, appropriate radiated
emission limits shall be defined in relevant standards (generic, product or product family
standards). Compliance of an EUT with the requirements for the protection of radio-services
(limits) shall be evaluated at FAR sites using similar methods as for tests done at an OATS.
A FAR is intended to simulate a free-space environment such that only the direct ray from the
transmitting antenna or EUT reaches the receiving antenna. All indirect and reflected waves
shall be minimized by appropriate placement of absorbing material on all walls, ceiling and
floor of a FAR. Like a SAC, a FAR isolates the receiving antenna from the RF ambient
environment, and permits EUT testing independent of weather conditions.
NOTE FARs typically meet the site quality categories listed in 5.2.4.
5.3.3 Site attenuation
Delete this existing subclause and its title.

– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
5.3.4 Conducting ground plane
Delete this existing subclause and its title.
5.4 Test site suitability without ground plane
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.4 Test site validation
5.4.1 Measurement considerations for free space test sites, as realized by fully-
absorber-lined shielded enclosures
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.4.1 General
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text and the following new
Table 7:
Three methods for site validation are defined in this standard:
• NSA method with tuned dipoles;
• NSA method with broadband antennas;
• Reference site method (RSM) with broadband antennas.
Validations for test sites with a ground plane (i.e. OATS and SAC) are introduced in 5.4.2 and
5.4.3, followed by detailed procedures for the RSM in 5.4.4 and for the NSA method in 5.4.5.
Validation of a SAC and a weather-protection enclosed OATS requires additional
measurements as described in 5.4.6.
Table 7 summarizes the site validation methods applicable for these specific test site types.
As shown in this table, two or three site validation methods are described for each of these
test site types. These methods are deemed to be equivalent for the purposes of this standard;
meaning compliance with the validation criterion can be evaluated using only one method.
Furthermore, no one of these documented methods is defined as the reference method.
Table 7 – Site validation methods applicable
for OATS, OATS-based, SAC and FAR site types
Applicability of site validation methods
Test site type Tuned dipoles Broadband antennas Broadband antennas
NSA NSA RSM
OATS Yes Yes Yes
OATS with weather No Yes Yes
protection
SAC No Yes Yes
FAR No Yes Yes
5.4.2 Site performance
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.4.2 Overview of test site validations
Replace the existing text of this subclause, including Subclauses 5.4.2.1 to 5.4.2.3.4, by the
following new text:
CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
The validation of a test site is performed using two co-polarized antennas. The validation shall
be performed separately for both horizontal and vertical polarizations.
SA is obtained from the difference of:
• the source voltage level, V , applied to a transmitting antenna;
i
• the maximum received voltage level, V , measured on the terminals of a receiving
R
antenna during a specified antenna height scan.
The voltage measurements are performed in a 50 Ω system.
The measured SA of an OATS (as in 5.2) and other ground-plane test sites (as in 5.3.1) is
compared to the SA characteristics obtained at an ideal OATS – this is the definition of the
measurand for test site validations. The result of this comparison is the SA deviation, ∆A ,
S
in dB; see Equations (26) and (27). The site is considered suitable when the SA deviation
results are within a tolerance of ± 4 dB.
If the ± 4 dB tolerance is exceeded, the test site configuration shall be investigated as
described in 5.4.5.3.
NOTE The basis for the 4 dB site acceptability criterion is given in Annex F.
Additionally, SA deviations shall not be used to correct field-strength measurement data for
an EUT. The procedures of 5.4 shall be used only for test site validations.
5.4.3 Site validation criteria
Replace the existing title of this subclause by the following new title:
5.4.3 Principles and values of the NSA method for OATS and SAC
Replace the existing text of this subclause by the following new text, the following new
Tables 8, 9, 10 and 11, and the following new Figures 29 and 30:
NSA values calculated at specific frequencies are provided in Tables 8 and 9 for tuned dipole
antennas, and Table 10 for broadband antennas. The quantities d, h , h , f and A , which
1 2 M N
are used in these tables, are identified at the end of Table 8.
NOTE 1 NSA values for frequencies other than shown in the Tables 8, 9, and 10 can be obtained using linear
interpolation between the tabulated values.
NOTE 2 The spacing d between the log-periodic dipole array antenna pairs is measured from the projection on the
ground plane of the mid-point of the longitudinal axis of each antenna.
NOTE 3 The spacing d between biconical antennas, is measured from the element centre-line axes at the
feedpoint.
For measurements in each polarization, the NSA method requires two different measurements
of the received voltage, V ; Figures 29 and 30 illustrate the set-ups for these measurements.
R
– 12 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
Table 8 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A –
N
recommended geometries for tuned half-wave dipoles, with horizontal polarization
Polarization Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
a
d 3 m 10 m 30 m 30 m
h 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
h 1 m to 4 m 1 m to 4 m 1 m to 4 m 2 m to 6 m
f A
N
M
MHz dB(m )
30 11,0 24,1 41,7 38,4
35 8,8 21,6 39,1 35,8
40 7,0 19,4 36,8 33,5
45 5,5 17,5 34,7 31,5
50 4,2 15,9 32,9 29,7
60 2,2 13,1 29,8 26,7
70 0,6 10,9 27,2 24,1
80 –0,7 9,2 24,9 21,9
90 –1,8 7,8 23,0 20,1
100 –2,8 6,7 21,2 18,4
120 –4,4 5,0 18,2 15,7
140 –5,8 3,5 15,8 13,6
160 –6,7 2,3 13,8 11,9
180 –7,2 1,2 12,0 10,6
200 –8,4 0,3 10,6 9,7
250 –10,6 –1,7 7,8 7,7
300 –12,3 –3,3 6,1 6,1
400 –14,9 –5,8 3,5 3,5
500 –16,7 –7,6 1,6 1,6
600 –18,3 –9,3 0  0
700 –19,7 –10,6 –1,4 –1,3
800 –20,8 –11,8 –2,5 –2,4
900 –21,8 –12,9 –3,5 –3,5
1 000 –22,7 –13,8 –4,5 –4,4
is the horizontal separation between the projection of the transmit and receive antennas on the ground
d
plane;
is the height of the centre of the transmit antenna above the ground plane;
h
is the range of heights of the centre of the receive antenna above the ground plane, in m. The maximum
h
received signal in this height scan range is used for NSA results;
is the frequency;
f
M
is the NSA
A
N
a
The mutual impedance correction factors (see Table 11) for horizontally polarized tuned half-wave dipoles
spaced 3 m apart should be used in Equation (26).

CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 13 –
Table 9 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A –
N
recommended geometries for tuned half-wave dipoles, vertical polarization
a
d = 3 m d = 10 m d = 30 m
h = 2,75 m h = 2,75 m h = 2,75 m
1 1 1
f h A h A h A
M 2 N 2 N 2 N
2 2
MHz m dB(m ) m dB(m ) m dB(m )

30 2,75 to 4 12,4 2,75 to 4 18,8 2,75 to 6 26,3
35 2,39 to 4 11,3 2,39 to 4 17,4 2,39 to 6 24,9
2,13 to 4 10,4 2,13 to 4 16,2 2,13 to 6 23,8
1,92 to 4 15,1 2 to 6
45 1,92 to 4 9,5 22,8
50 1,75 to 4 8,4 1,75 to 4 14,2 2 to 6 21,9
60 1,50 to 4 6,3 1,50 to 4 12,6 2 to 6 20,4
70 1,32 to 4 4,4 1,32 to 4 11,3 2 to 6 19,1
80 1,19 to 4 2,8 1,19 to 4 10,2 2 to 6 18,0
1,08 to 4 9,2
90 1,08 to 4 1,5 2 to 6 17,1
100 1 to 4 0,6 1 to 4 8,4 2 to 6 16,3
120 1 to 4 –0,7 1 to 4 7,5 2 to 6 15,0
140 1 to 4 –1,5 1 to 4 5,5 2 to 6 14,1
160 1 to 4 –3,1 1 to 4 3,9 2 to 6 13,3
1 to 4 2,7
180 1 to 4 –4,5 2 to 6 12,8
200 1 to 4 –5,4 1 to 4 1,6 2 to 6 12,5
250 1 to 4 –7,0 1 to 4 –0,6 2 to 6 8,6
300 1 to 4 –8,9 1 to 4 –2,3 2 to 6 6,5
400 1 to 4 –11,4 1 to 4 –4,9 2 to 6 3,8
–13,4 1 to 4 –6,9
500 1 to 4 2 to 6 1,8
600 1 to 4 –14,9 1 to 4 –8,4 2 to 6 0,2
700 1 to 4 –16,3 1 to 4 –9,7 2 to 6 –1,0
800 1 to 4 –17,4 1 to 4 –10,9 2 to 6 –2,4
900 1 to 4 –18,5 1 to 4 –12,0 2 to 6 –3,3
1 to 4 –13,0
1 000 1 to 4 –19,4 2 to 6 –4,2
a
The mutual impedance correction factors (see Table 11) for vertically polarized tuned half-wave dipoles

spaced 3 m apart should be used in Equation (26).

– 14 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
a
Table 10 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation , A –
N
recommended geometries for broadband antennas
Polarization Horizontal Vertical
d m 3 3 10 10 30 30 3 3 10 10 30 30
h m 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1,5 1 1,5 1 1,5
1 1 1 1
h m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2,min
h m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2,max
f A
M N
MHz dB(m )
30 15,8 11,0 29,8 24,1 47,8 41,7 8,2 9,3 16,7 16,9 26,0 26,0
35 13,4 8,8 27,1 21,6 45,1 39,1 6,9 8,0 15,4 15,6 24,7 24,7
40 11,3 7,0 24,9 19,4 42,8 36,8 5,8 7,0 14,2 14,4 23,5 23,5
45 9,4 5,5 22,9 17,5 40,8 34,7 4,9 6,1 13,2 13,4 22,5 22,5
50 7,8 4,2 21,1 15,9 38,9 32,9 4,0 5,4 12,3 12,5 21,6 21,6
60 5,0 2,2 18,0 13,1 35,8 29,8 2,6 4,1 10,7 11,0 20 20
70 2,8 0,6 15,5 10,9 33,1 27,2 1,5 3,2 9,4 9,7 18,7 18,7
80 0,9 –0,7 13,3 9,2 30,8 24,9 0,6 2,6 8,3 8,6 17,5 17,5
90 –0,7 –1,8 11,4 7,8 28,8 23,0 –0,1 2,1 7,3 7,6 16,5 16,5
100 –2,0 –2,8 9,7 6,7 27 21,2 –0,7 1,9 6,4 6,8 15,6 15,6
120 –4,2 –4,4 7,0 5,0 23,9 18,2 –1,5 1,3 4,9 5,4 14,0 14,0
140 –6,0 –5,8 4,8 3,5 21,2 15,8 –1,8 –1,5 3,7 4,3 12,7 12,7
160 –7,4 –6,7 3,1 2,3 19 13,8 –1,7 –3,7 2,6 3,4 11,5 11,6
180 –8,6 –7,2 1,7 1,2 17 12,0 –1,3 –5,3 1,8 2,7 10,5 10,6
200 –9,6 –8,4 0,6 0,3 15,3 10,6 –3,6 –6,7 1,0 2,1 9,6 9,7
250 –11,7 –10,6 –1,6 –1,7 11,6 7,8 –7,7 –9,1 –0,5 0,3 7,7 7,9
300 –12,8 –12,3 –3,3 –3,3 8,8 6,1 –10,5 –10,9 –1,5 –1,9 6,2 6,5
400 –14,8 –14,9 –5,9 –5,8 4,6 3,5 –14,0 –12,6 –4,1 –5,0 3,9 4,3
500 –17,3 –16,7 –7,9 –7,6 1,8 1,6 –16,4 –15,1 –6,7 –7,2 2,1 2,8
600 –19,1 –18,3 –9,5 –9,3 0,0 0,0 –16,3 –16,9 –8,7 –9,0 0,8 1,8
700 –20,6 –19,7 –10,8 –10,6 –1,3 –1,4 –18,4 –18,4 –10,2 –10,4 –0,3 –0,9
800 –21,3 –20,8 –12,0 –11,8 –2,5 –2,5 –20,0 –19,3 –11,5 –11,6 –1,1 –2,3
900 –22,5 –21,8 –12,8 –12,9 –3,5 –3,5 –21,3 –20,4 –12,6 –12,7 –1,7 –3,4
1 000 –23,5 –22,7 –13,8 –13,8 –4,4 –4,5 –22,4 –21,4 –13,6 –13,6 –3,5 –4,3
a
These data apply to antennas that have at least 25 cm of ground plane clearance when the centre of the antennas is
1 m above the ground plane in vertical polarization.

Other values are found via linear interpolation.

CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 15 –

4 m
(6 m)*
Record V with points 1 and 2
R
connected and disconnected
Maximum
received
2 m
signal
F
aT
F
aR
1 m
a
cT
(2 m)*
a
cR
V V
i R
3 m and 10 m separation
V held constant
i
* For 30 m separation distance
IEC  1075/12
Key
a receive antenna cable loss
cR
a transmit antenna cable loss
cT
F receive antenna factor
aR
F transmit antenna factor
aT
V source voltage
i
V received voltage
R
Figure 29 – Configuration of equipment for measuring
site attenuation in horizontal polarization

– 16 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012

Tuned dipoles
4 m
(6 m)*
Maximum
received
h signal
h = 2,75 m 2
2,75 m
1 2
at 30 MHz
a
cR
a
cT
F F
aT aR
25 cm
clearance
V V
i R
3 m and 10 m separation
V held constant
i
h = h = 1 m (min.) for broadband antennas
1 2
* For 30 m separation distance
IEC  1076/12
Key
a receive antenna cable loss
cR
a transmit antenna cable loss
cT
F receive antenna factor
aR
F transmit antenna factor
aT
h , h see Table 9
1 2
V source voltage
i
V received voltage
R
Figure 30 – Configuration of equipment for measuring
site attenuation in vertical polarization using tuned dipoles
The first reading of V (V ) is taken with the two coaxial cables disconnected from the
R DIRECT
two antennas and connected to each other via an adapter. The second reading of V (V )
R SITE
is taken with the coaxial cables reconnected to their respective antennas, and the maximum
signal is measured when the receive antenna is scanned in height (1 m to 4 m, for 3 m and
10 m separation distances; either 1 m to 4 m, or 2 m to 6 m, for 30 m separation distances).
For both measurements, the signal source voltage, V , is kept constant. The measured results,
i
along with NSA (A ), are used in Equation (26) to obtain the SA deviation results. All terms
N
are in dB.
CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 17 –

(26)
∆A = V − V − F − F − A − ∆A
s DIRECT SITE aT aR N TOT
where
∆A is the SA deviation;
S
F is the transmit antenna factor;
aT
F is the receive antenna factor;
aR
A is the NSA, according to Tables 8, 9 and 10, as appropriate;
N
∆A is the mutual impedance correction factor.
TOT
F and F shall be calibrated as free-space antenna factors; see 5.4.5.4.
aT aR
Note that the first two terms represent the actual measurement of SA, i.e. in the classical view
SA is equal to V – V , which is the insertion loss of the propagation path with the
DIRECT SITE
inclusion of the properties of the two antennas used.
Theoretical values for the mutual impedance correction factor, ∆A , for tuned half-wave
TOT
dipoles are given in Table 11 for the recommended site geometry of 3 m separation,
horizontal and vertical polarization. For other set-up geometries, e.g. 10 m or 30 m, or if
broadband antennas are used, correction for mutual impedance is not required.
Table 11 – Mutual impedance correction factors for NSA test
using resonant tunable dipoles spaced 3 m apart
∆A – Total correction factor
TOT
dB
f
M
Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization

d = 3 m d = 3 m
MHz
h = 2 m h = 2,75 m
1 1
h = 1 m to 4 m h = (see Table 8)
2 2
30 3,1 2,9
35 4,0 2,6
40 4,1 2,1
45 3,3 1,6
50 2,8 1,5
60 1,0 2,0
70 –0,4 1,5
80 –1,0 0,9
90 –1,0 0,7
100 –1,2 0,1
120 –0,4 –0,2
125 –0,2 –0,2
140 –0,1 0,2
150 –0,9 0,4
160 –1,5 0,5
175 –1,8 –0,2
180 –1,0 –0,4
NOTE 1 The values for the resonant dipoles were calculated using the method of moments
and the numerical electromagnetic code (NEC) or the MININEC computer system [3], [4], [9].
NOTE 2 These correction factors do not completely describe antenna factors measured
above a ground plane, e.g. at heights of 3 m or 4 m, because these antenna factors differ
from free-space antenna factors at the lower frequencies. However, the values are sufficient
to indicate site anomalies.
NOTE 3 Users are cautioned that some half-wavelength dipoles, or antennas with non-
typical baluns, may exhibit different characteristics than the antenna described in 5.4.5.4.

– 18 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
For the respective method used, the validation criterion shall be satisfied at:
• the frequencies given in Table 8 if tuned dipoles are used;
• all frequencies in the desired frequency range, if broadband antennas are used (swept
frequency NSA method – see 5.4.5.2).
To confirm the absence of voltage drift due to temperature changes in measurement devices
or cables, re-measure V after a suitable time period to confirm stability of results.
DIRECT
Table 10 lists NSA values for broadband antennas, such as biconical and log-periodic dipole
arrays, for both horizontal and vertical orientation relative to the ground plane. Table 8 lists
NSA values for tuned half-wave dipoles oriented horizontally relative to the ground plane.
Table 9 lists NSA values for tuned half-wave dipoles oriented vertically relative to the ground
plane. Note that Table 9 has restrictions for the scan height h , to address that the lowest tip
of the receive dipole is kept 25 cm or more from the ground plane.
NOTE 4 The reason Tables 8, 9, and 10 differ is that different geometrical parameters are chosen for a
broadband antenna and a tuned half-wave dipole, due primarily to the spatial restrictions needed for the latter.
Accurate antenna factors are necessary in measuring NSA. Linearly polarized antennas are
required. A manufacturer’s antenna factors may account for losses due to the balun among
other features. If a separate balun or any integrally associated cables are used, their effects
shall be accounted for. The formula to use for tuned half-wave dipoles is given in 5.4.5.4.
If ∆A is greater than ± 4 dB, the following items shall be re-checked:
S
a) measurement procedure;
b) accuracy of antenna factors;
c) drift in signal source or accuracy of receiver or spectrum analyzer input attenuator, and
d) readings from the measurement devices.
If no errors are found for the parameters in a), b), c) and d), then the site shall be considered
to be at fault, and detailed investigation of possible causes of site variability shall be made.
Annex F describes the errors that can occur in NSA measurements.
Note that because vertical polarization is generally a more stringent measurement condition,
site anomalies would typically be investigated using this more sensitive metric rather than
horizontal polarization NSA results. Key items to investigate include:
1) size and construction inadequacy of the ground plane;
2) objects at the perimeter of the site that may cause undesired reflections;
3) reflections from all-weather cover;
4) discontinuity in the ground plane at the turntable circumference, for configurations
where the turntable surface is conductive and at the same height as the site ground
plane;
5) thickness of any dielectric ground plane covers; and
6) openings in the ground plane, e.g. for stairways to underground control rooms.
Add, at the end of this subclause, the following new Subclauses 5.4.4 to 5.4.7.4:
5.4.4 Reference site method for OATS and SAC
5.4.4.1 General
The RSM is another method for validating the suitability of a test site, using broadband
antennas. As with the NSA method, the evaluation of V and V is required. These
DIRECT SITE
CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012 – 19 –
results are obtained using exactly the same geometry and polarization as specified for the
NSA method. For a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC, the configurations are:
• 3 m or 10 m test distance;
NOTE 1 Although RSM may be applied to 30 m sites, it is impractical due to the limited number of appropriate
reference sites.
• 1 m and 2 m transmit antenna heights for horizontal polarization, and 1 m and 1,5 m for
vertical polarization;
• 1 m to 4 m receive antenna height scan range.
The main difference between the RSM and NSA methods is in the calculation of SA
deviations, using the equation:

∆A = V − V − A
(27)
s DIRECT SITE APR
Rather than using transmit and receive antenna factors and the calculated NSA (A ) values,
N
measured results for the antenna-pair reference SA (A ) are used.
APR
NOTE 2 A does not involve antenna factors, but comprises coupling between the antennas, including the
APR
effects of coupling of each antenna to the ground. Furthermore, the radiation patterns of the antennas are included,
different from the NSA method where the radiation patterns are approximated as being those of Hertzian dipoles.
For a weather-protection enclosed OATS and a SAC, four data sets are required, i.e. two
antenna heights with two polarizations. For each additional distance, polarization and antenna
height, a different A is needed, as shown in the example template of Table 12.
APR
Table 12 – Example template for A data sets
APR
Antenna pair reference site attenuation, A
APR
dB
Frequency
MHz Horizontal Vertical
h = 1 m h = 2 m h = 1 m h = 1,5 m
1 1 1 1
30 … … … …
31 … … … …
32 … … … …
… … … … …
When using a network analyzer or a stepped-frequency receiver to perform an RSM
measurement, the frequency steps of Table 13 shall be used.
NOTE 3 RSM is a swept frequency method. Table 13 defines the maximum step size.
NOTE 4 When using a continuously-tuned receiver or a spectrum analyzer for an RSM measurement, the
frequency step size definition of Table 13 does not apply.

– 20 – CISPR 16-1-4 Amend.1 © IEC:2012
Table 13 – RSM frequency steps
Frequency range Maximum frequency step size
MHz MHz
30 to 100 1
100 to 500 5
500 to 1 000 10
Frequencies for the RSM measurement shall be identical to the frequencies of the antenna-
pair reference SA calibration.
criterion, see Equation (27), shall be satisfied at the frequencies given in Table 13.
The ∆A
S
5.4.4.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements
For the purposes of this standard, hybrid antennas shall not be used for RSM site validation
measurements.
NOTE 1 When specific SAC sites are validated using biconical and hybrid antennas, a large deviation in the
results has been observed. The main reason for deviations is the different distance between the phase centres of
the antennas, e.g. 10 m for biconical antennas and approximately 11,2 m for typical hybrid antennas. To avoid
such reproducibilit
...