EN 55016-1-4:2007

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2005
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2005/A1:2005
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2005/A2:2006
Specifikacija za merilne naprave in metode za merjenje radijskih motenj in
odpornosti - 1-4. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti -
Pomožna oprema - Sevane motnje (CISPR 16-1-4:2007)
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods --
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment -
Radiated disturbances
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur
Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Teil
1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
(Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Zusatz-/Hilfseinrichtungen – Gestrahlte
Störaussendung
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques -- Partie 1-4:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Matériels auxiliaires - Perturbations rayonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-1-4:2007
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 55016-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2007
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 Supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2004 + A1:2005 + A2:2005

English version
Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Ancillary equipment -
Radiated disturbances
(CISPR 16-1-4:2007)
Spécifications des méthodes  Anforderungen an Geräte
et des appareils de mesure des und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung
perturbations radioélectriques der Verfahren zur Messung
et de l'immunité aux perturbations der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
radioélectriques - (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure Teil 1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen
des perturbations radioélectriques zur Messung der hochfrequenten
et de l'immunité aux perturbations Störaussendung (Funkstörungen)
radioélectriques - und Störfestigkeit -
Matériels auxiliaires - Zusatz-/Hilfseinrichtungen -
Perturbations rayonnées Gestrahlte Störaussendung
(CISPR 16-1-4:2007) (CISPR 16-1-4:2007)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 55016-1-4:2007 E
Foreword
The text of document CISPR/A/710/FDIS, future edition 2 of CISPR 16-1-4, prepared by CISPR SC A,
Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-4 on 2007-06-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2004 + A1:2005 + A2:2005.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2008-03-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2010-06-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-4:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 55016-1-4:2007
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
IEC 60050-161 - International Electrotechnical - -
Vocabulary (IEV) -
Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility

1) 2)
CISPR 16-1-1 - Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-1-1 2007
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus

1) 2)
CISPR 16-2-3 - Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-2-3 2006
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of
disturbances and immunity - Radiated
disturbance measurements
1)
CISPR 16-3 - Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 3: CISPR technical reports

CISPR 16-4 Series Specification for radio disturbance and - -
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modeling

CISPR 16-4-2 2003 Specification for radio disturbance and EN 55016-4-2 2004
immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit
modelling - Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.

INTERNATIONAL
CISPR
ELECTROTECHNICAL
16-1-4
COMMISSION
Second edition
2007-02
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 1-4:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus – Ancillary equipment –
Radiated disturbances
© IEC 2007 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
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Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.9

1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance .17
4.1 Accuracy of field-strength measurements.17
4.2 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz .19
4.3 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz.19
4.4 Frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz.21
4.5 Frequency range 300 MHz to 1 000 MHz.29
4.6 Frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz.31
4.7 Special antenna arrangements.31
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.33
5.1 Open area test site .33
5.2 Weather protection enclosure .33
5.3 Obstruction-free area.33
5.4 Ambient radio frequency environment of a test site .35
5.5 Ground plane.39
5.6 Open area site validation procedure.39
5.7 Test site suitability with ground-plane.47
5.8 Test site suitability without ground-plane .57
5.9 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower .75
6 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement .79
6.1 Chamber .79
7 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement.85
8 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz.85
8.1 Reference test site .85
8.2 Validation of the test site.85
8.3 Alternative test site . 113

Annex A (normative) Parameters of broadband antennas. 115
Annex B (normative) Monopole (1 m rod antenna) performance equations and
characterization of the associated antenna matching network . 123
Annex C (normative) Loop antenna system for magnetic field induced current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz. 133
Annex D (informative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (Clause 5) . 151
Annex E (normative) Validation procedure of the open area test site for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (Clause 5) . 159
Annex F (informative) Basis for 4 dB site acceptability criterion (Clause 5). 175

Bibliography . 179

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 5 –
Figure 1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω .23
L
Figure 2 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 5.3).37
Figure 3 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 5.3) .37
Figure 4 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in horizontal
polarization (see 5.6 and Annex E) .41
Figure 5 – Configuration of equipment for measuring site attenuation in vertical
polarization using tuned dipoles (see 5.6 and Annex E) .41
Figure 6a – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements .51
Figure 6b – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements .51
Figure 6c – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Vertical polarization NSA
measurements for an EUT that does not exceed a volume of 1 m depth, 1,5 m width,
1,5 m height, with the periphery greater than 1 m from the closest material that may
cause undesirable reflections .53
Figure 6d – Typical antenna positions for alternative test site – Horizontal polarization
NSA measurements for an EUT that does not exceed a volume of 1 m depth, 1,5 m
width and 1,5 m height, with the periphery greater than 1 m from the closest material
that may cause undesirable reflections .53
Figure 6 – Typical antenna positions for alternative test sites.53
Figure 7 – Graph of theoretical free-space NSA as a function of the frequency for
different measurement distances (see Equation 4) .59
Figure 8 – Measurement positions for the site validation procedure.65
Figure 9 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for the site validation
procedure .67
Figure 10 – Typical free-space site reference measurement set-up.73
Figure 11 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view).79
Figure 12 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) .79
Figure 13 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer .81
Figure 14 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer in Figure 13.83
Figure 15 – Transmit antenna E-Plane radiation pattern example (for informative
purposes only) .91
Figure 16 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (for informative purposes only) .93
Figure 17 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane – see 8.2.2.2.1 for
VSWR
description .95
Figure 18 – S positions (height requirements) .99
VSWR
Figure 19 – Conditional test position requirements. 111
Figure B.1 – Method using network analyser. 127
Figure B.2 – Method using radio-noise meter and signal generator . 127
Figure B.3 – Example of mounting capacitor in dummy antenna. 129
Figure C.1 – The loop-antenna system, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-
loop antennas . 135
Figure C.2 – A large-loop antenna containing two opposite slits, positioned
symmetrically with respect to the current probe C . 137

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 7 –
Figure C.3 – Construction of the antenna slit . 139
Figure C.4 – Example of antenna-slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction . 139
Figure C.5 – Construction for the metal box containing the current probe. 141
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to ensure that
there is no capacitive coupling from the leads to the loop. 141
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the balun-dipole during validation of the large-loop
antenna . 143
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for a large loop-antenna of 2 m diameter . 143
Figure C.9 – Construction of the balun-dipole . 145
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C (for conversion into dB (μA/m)) and C (for
dA dV
conversion into dB (μV/m)) for two standardized measuring distances d. 147
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m . 147
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane. 153

Table 1 – Normalized site attenuation (recommended geometries for tuned half-wave
dipoles with horizontal polarization) .55
Table 2 – Normalized site attenuation* (recommended geometries for broadband
antennas).57
Table 3 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance .63
Table 4 – Frequency ranges and step sizes .69
Table 5 – S test positions . 101
VSWR
Table 6 – S reporting requirements. 113
VSWR
Table E.1 – Normalized site attenuation* (Recommended geometries for broadband
antennas). 167
Table E.2 – Normalized site attenuation (Recommended geometries for tuned half-wave
dipoles, horizontal polarization) . 169
Table E.3 – Normalized site attenuation (Recommended geometries for tuned half-wave
dipoles – vertical polarization) . 171
Table E.4 – Mutual coupling correction factors for geometry using resonant tunable
dipoles spaced 3 m apart . 173
Table F.1 – Error budget . 175

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 9 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition of CISPR 16-1-4 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003,
amendment 1 (2004) and amendment 2 (2005).
The document CISPR/A/710/FDIS, circulated to the National Committees as amendment 3, led
to the publication of the new edition.

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 11 –
The text of this standard is based on the first edition, its Amendment 1, Amendment 2 and the
following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CISPR/A/710/FDIS CISPR/A/722/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
CISPR 16-1 consists of the following parts, under the general title Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus:
Part 1-1: Measuring apparatus
Part 1-2: Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances
Part 1-3: Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power
Part 1-4: Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances
Part 1-5: Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 13 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the characteristics and
performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency
range 9 kHz to 18 GHz.
Specifications for ancillary apparatus are included for: antennas and test sites, TEM cells, and
reverberating chambers.
The requirements of this publication must be complied with at all frequencies and for all levels
of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, and further information on radio disturbance
is given in Part 3 of CISPR 16. Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in
Part 4 of CISPR 16.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-2-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 2-3: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Radiated
disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-3, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling
CISPR 16-4-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 4-2: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainty in EMC
measurements
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 15 –
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Also see
IEC 60050(161).
3.1
bandwidth
B
n
width of the overall selectivity curve of the receiver between two points at a stated attenuation,
below the midband response
NOTE The bandwidth is represented by the symbol B , where n is the stated attenuation in decibels.
n
3.2
CISPR indicating range
range specified by the manufacturer which gives the maximum and the minimum meter
indications within which the receiver meets the requirements of this part of CISPR 16
3.3
calibration test site
CALTS
open area test site with metallic ground plane and tightly specified site attenuation performance
in horizontal and vertical electric field polarization
NOTE 1 A CALTS is used for determining the free-space antenna factor of an antenna.
NOTE 2 Site attenuation measurements of a CALTS are used for comparison to corresponding site attenuation
measurements of a compliance test site, in order to evaluate the performance of the compliance test site.
3.4
compliance test site
COMTS
environment which assures valid, repeatable measurement results of disturbance field strength
from equipment under test for comparison to a compliance limit
3.5
antenna
that part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive
electromagnetic waves in a specified way
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, the balun is a part of the antenna.
NOTE 2 See also the term "wire antenna".
3.6
balun
passive electrical network for the transformation from a balanced to an unbalanced trans-
mission line or device or vice versa
3.7
free-space-resonant dipole
wire antenna consisting of two straight colinear conductors of equal length, placed end to end,
separated by a small gap, with each conductor approximately a quarter-wavelength long such
that at the specified frequency the input impedance of the wire antenna measured across the
gap is pure real when the dipole is located in the free space
NOTE 1 In the context of this standard, this wire antenna connected to the balun is also called the "test antenna".
NOTE 2 This wire antenna is also referred to as "tuned dipole".

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 17 –
3.8
site attenuation
insertion loss determined by a two-port measurement, when a direct electrical connection
between the generator output and receiver input is replaced by transmitting and receiving
antennas placed at the specified positions
3.9
test antenna
combination of the free-space-resonant dipole and the specified balun
NOTE For the purpose of this standard only.
3.10
wire antenna
a specified structure consisting of one or more metallic wires or rods for radiating or receiving
electromagnetic waves
NOTE A wire antenna does not contain a balun.
3.11
fully anechoic room
FAR
shielded enclosure, the internal surfaces of which are lined with radio-frequency absorbing
material (i.e. RF absorber), which absorbs electromagnetic energy in the frequency range of
interest
3.12
quasi-free space test-site
test-site for which the site attenuation measured with vertically polarized tuned dipoles deviates
by no more than ± 1 dB from the calculated free-space attenuation at any frequency
3.13
test volume
volume in the FAR in which the EUT is positioned
NOTE In this volume the quasi-free space condition is met and this volume is typically 0,5 m or more from the
absorbing material of the FAR.
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance
The antenna and the circuits inserted between it and the measuring receiver shall not
appreciably affect the overall characteristics of the measuring receiver. When the antenna is
connected to the measuring receiver, the measuring system shall comply with the bandwidth
requirements of CISPR 16-1-1 appropriate to the frequency band concerned.
The antenna shall be substantially plane polarized. It shall be orientable so that all
polarizations of incident radiation can be measured. The height of the centre of the antenna
above ground may have to be adjustable according to a specific test procedure.
For additional information about the parameters of broadband antennas see Annex A.
4.1 Accuracy of field-strength measurements
The accuracy of field-strength measurement of a uniform field of a sine-wave shall be better
than ±3 dB when an antenna meeting the requirements of this subclause is used with a
measuring receiver meeting the requirements of CISPR 16-1-1.
NOTE This requirement does not include the effect due to a test site.

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 19 –
4.2 Frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz
Experience has shown that, in this frequency range, it is the magnetic field component that is
primarily responsible for observed instances of interference.
4.2.1 Magnetic antenna
For measurement of the magnetic component of the radiation, either an electrically-screened
loop antenna of dimension such that the antenna can be completely enclosed by a square
having sides of 60 cm in length, or an appropriate ferrite-rod antenna, may be used.
The unit of the magnetic field strength is μA/m or, in logarithmic units, 20 log(μA/m)
= dB(μA/m). The associated emission limit shall be expressed in the same units.
NOTE Direct measurements can be made of the strength of the magnetic component, in dB(μA/m) or μA/m of a
radiated field under all conditions, that is, both in the near field and in the far field. However, many field strength
measuring receivers are calibrated in terms of the equivalent plane wave electric field strength in dB(μV/m), i.e.
assuming that the ratio of the E and H components is 120 π or 377 Ω. This assumption is justified under far-field
conditions at distances from the source exceeding one sixth of a wavelength (λ/2π), and in such cases the correct
value for the H component can be obtained by dividing the E value indicated on the receiver by 377, or by
subtracting 51,5 dB from the E level in dB(μV/m) to give the H level in dB(μA/m).
It should be clearly understood that the above fixed E and H ratio applies only under far-field conditions.
To obtain the reading of H (μA/m), the reading E (μV/m) is divided by 377 Ω:
H (μA/m) = E (μV/m) / 377 Ω (1)
To obtain the reading of H dB(μA/m), 51,5 dB(Ω) is subtracted from the reading E dB(μV/m):
H dB(μA/m) = E dB(μV/m) – 51,5 dB(Ω) (2)
The impedance Z = 377 Ω, with 20 log Z = 51,5 dB(Ω), used in the above conversions is a constant originating from

the calibration of field strength measuring equipment indicating the magnetic field in μV/m (or dB(μV/m)).
4.2.2 Balance of antenna
The balance of the antenna shall be such that, when the antenna is rotated in a uniform field,
the level in the cross-polarization direction is at least 20 dB below that in the parallel
polarization direction.
4.3 Frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz
4.3.1 Electric antenna
For the measurement of the electric component of the radiation, either a balanced or an
unbalanced antenna may be used. If an unbalanced antenna is used, the measurement will
refer only to the effect of the electric field on a vertical rod antenna. The type of antenna used
shall be stated with the results of the measurements.
Information pertaining to calculating the performance characteristics of a 1 m length monopole
(rod) antenna and the characterization of its matching network is specified in Annex B.
Where the distance between the source of radiation and the antenna is 10 m or less, the total
length of the antenna shall be 1 m. For distances greater than 10 m the preferred antenna
length is 1 m, but in no case shall it exceed 10 % of the distance.
The unit of electric field strength shall be μV/m or, in logarithmic units, 20 log(μV/m)
= dB(μVm). The associated emission limit shall be expressed in the same units.

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 21 –
4.3.2 Magnetic antenna
For the measurement of the magnetic component of the radiation, an electrically-screened loop
antenna, as described in 4.2.1 shall be used.
Tuned electrically balanced loop antennas may be used to make measurements at lower field
strengths than untuned electrically-screened loop antennas.
4.3.3 Balance of antenna
If a balanced electric or a magnetic antenna is used, it shall comply with the requirement of
4.2.2.
4.4 Frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
4.4.1 Electric antenna
The reference antenna shall be a balanced dipole.
4.4.1.1 Balanced dipole
For frequencies 80 MHz or above, the antenna shall be resonant in length, and for frequencies
below 80 MHz it shall have a length equal to the 80 MHz resonant length and shall be tuned
and matched to the feeder by a suitable transforming device. Connection to the input of
the measuring apparatus shall be made through a symmetric-asymmetric transformer
arrangement.
4.4.1.2 Shortened dipole
A dipole shorter than a half wavelength may be used provided:
a) the total length is greater than 1/10 of a wavelength at the frequency of measurement;
b) it is connected to a cable sufficiently well matched at the receiver end to ensure a voltage
standing wave ratio (v.s.w.r.) on the cable of less than 2.0 to 1. The calibration shall take
account of the v.s.w.r.;
c) it has a polarization discrimination equivalent to that of a tuned dipole (see 4.4.2). To obtain
this, a balun may be helpful;
d) for determination of the measured field strength, a calibration curve (antenna factor) is
determined and used in the measuring distance (i.e., at a distance of at least three times
the length of the dipole);
NOTE The antenna factors thus obtained should make it possible to fulfil the requirement of measuring
uniform sine-wave fields with an accuracy not worse than ±3 dB. Examples of calibration curves are given in
Figure 1 which shows the theoretical relation between field strength and receiver input voltage for a receiver of
input impedance of 50 Ω, and for various l/d ratios. On these figures, the balun is considered as an ideal 1:1
transformer. It should be noted, however, that these curves do not account for the losses of the balun, the
cable and any mismatch between the cable and the receiver.
e) in spite of the sensitivity loss of the field-strength meter due to a high antenna factor
attributed to the shortened length of the dipole, the measuring limit of the field-strength
meter (determined for example by the noise of the receiver and the transmission factor of
the dipole) shall remain at least 10 dB below the level of the measured signal.

CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 23 –
l
λ
–3 –2 –1
5 × 10 10 10
2 3 45 2 3 4 5
l
= 30 100 300 1 000
d
Dipole
Balun (1:1)
Field
strength E
I
d Voltmeter
R = 50 Ω
L
U
E
Fa = 20 log Example:
U
I = 3 m
Fa = Fa + Fa
d = 1 cm
1 2 25
24 f = 15 MHz
l
20 = 300
d
l
= 0,15
λ
Fa = 33,6 dB
Fa = –9,5 dB
8 2
Fa = Fa + Fa = 24,1 dB
1 2
–4 10
–8
–12
–14 5
0,05 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 1 2 34 5
Dipole length  m
IEC  079/07
Figure 1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω
L
Fa  dB
Fa  dB
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 25 –
4.4.1.3 Broadband antenna
A broadband antenna may be used, provided that it meets the requirements given in 4.5.2 for a
complex antenna.
4.4.2 Balance of antenna
4.4.2.1 Introduction
In radiated emission measurements, common-mode (CM) currents may be present on the
cable attached to the receiving antenna (the antenna cable). In turn, these CM currents create
EM fields which may be picked up by the receiving antenna. Consequently, the radiated
emission measuring results may be influenced.
The major contributions to the antenna cable CM currents stem from
a) the electric field generated by the EUT, if that field has a component parallel to the antenna
cable, and
b) the conversion of the differential mode (DM) antenna signal (the desired signal) into a CM
signal by the imperfection of the balun of the receiving antenna.
This subclause considers the balun contribution. Contribution a) is under consideration (see
last sentence of Note 1 of 4.4.2.2).
In general, log-periodic dipole array antennas do not exhibit significant DM/CM conversion and
the following check applies to dipoles, biconical antennas and bicone/log hybrid antennas.
4.4.2.2 Balun DM/CM conversion check
The following method describes the measurement of two voltages, U and U , in the frequency
1 2
range for which the receiving antenna is to be used. The ratio of these voltages, both
expressed in identical units (e.g., dBμV), is a measure for the DM/CM conversion.
1) Set the receiving antenna under test vertically polarized with its centre at a height of 1,5 m
above the ground plane. Lay the cable horizontally for 1,5 m ± 0,1 m behind the rear active
element of the antenna and then drop it vertically by a height of at least 1,5 m to the ground
plane.
2) Place a second (transmitting) antenna vertically polarized at a horizontal distance of 10 m
from the centre of the antenna under test with its tip 0,10 m from the ground plane. If the
range of the site used for emission testing is 3 m, do this check using a distance of 3 m (if
the conversion check has already been made at 10 m distance and shows a change of less
than ±0,5 dB, it is not necessary to take a separate measurement at 3 m). The specification
of the transmitting antenna shall include the frequency range of the antenna under test.
3) Connect the transmitting antenna to a signal source, for example, a tracking generator, set
the level of that generator in such a way that, over the frequency range of interest, the
signal-to-ambient noise at the receiver is larger than 10 dB.
4) Record the voltage U at the receiver over the frequency range of interest.
5) Invert the receiving antenna (rotate that antenna through 180°) without changing anything
else in the set-up, in particular the receiving antenna cable, and without changing the
setting of the signal source.
6) Record the voltage U at the receiver over the frequency range.
CISPR 16-1-4 © IEC:2007 – 27 –
7) The DM/CM conversion is sufficiently low if ⎜20 log (U /U )⎪<1 dB.
1 2
NOTE 1 If the DM/CM conversion criterion is not met, ferrite rings around the antenna cable may reduce the
DM/CM conversion. The addition of ferrites on the antenna cable may also be used to verify whether contribution a)
has a non-negligible effect. Repeat the test with four ferrites spaced approximately 20 cm apart. If the criterion is
met by using these rings, they should be present in the actual emission measurement. Likewise, the interaction with
the cable can be reduced by extending the cable several metres behind the antenna before dropping to ground.
NOTE 2 If the receiving antenna is to be used in a fully anechoic chamber, the DM/CM check may be performed in
that room with the receiving antenna at its usual location and the transmitting antenna in the centre of the test
volume of that room. The room must comply with the ±4 dB criterion.
NOTE 3 The measuring site of which the ground plane forms a part, or the fully anechoic room, should comply
with their respective NSA (normalized site attenuation ) requirements.
NOTE 4 The horizontal distance of 1,5 m over which the antenna cable runs h
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