ASTM C1069-09(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption
Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2022
- Technical Committee
- C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
- Drafting Committee
- C21.04 - Raw Materials
Overview
ASTM C1069-09(2022), "Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption," provides a comprehensive procedure for determining the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas, primarily used in the ceramics manufacturing industry. The standard employs nitrogen adsorption techniques and is based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation to ensure consistent and accurate results. The method is versatile, supporting the use of modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatuses, while strictly defining the outgassing stage for sample preparation. Adherence to this standard enables reliable assessment of particle size and surface properties, which are critical for quality control, material specification, and research.
Key Topics
- Specific Surface Area Determination: The primary objective of the standard is to quantify the specific surface area of alumina or quartz powders, which is a crucial parameter for controlling material properties in ceramics manufacturing.
- Nitrogen Adsorption Technique: Utilizes adsorption of nitrogen at low temperature (77 K) to measure surface area, accommodating both dynamic and static analysis methods.
- Sample Preparation: Includes detailed requirements for sample blending and degassing, which directly influence the accuracy of the analysis.
- BET Equation Application: The calculation is strictly based on the BET equation, a benchmark approach for interpreting adsorption data to determine surface area.
- Reporting and Precision: Outlines clear guidelines for reporting results, including significant figures and repeatability criteria. The standard reinforces the importance of separate degassing for each analysis and specifies actions in case of inconsistent results.
- Safety Considerations: Emphasizes the user's responsibility to follow appropriate safety, health, and environmental protocols while applying this method.
Applications
ASTM C1069-09(2022) is widely applicable in:
- Material Specification: Assists both suppliers and buyers in verifying that alumina or quartz products meet required specifications for surface area, indirectly indicating particle size and quality.
- Manufacturing Process Control: Supports quality assurance and optimization in ceramic production by monitoring changes in raw material surface area that can affect sintering, strength, and other physical properties.
- Research and Development: Facilitates characterization studies, enabling researchers to correlate surface area with functional performance of ceramics and to develop new materials with tailored surface properties.
- Quality Assessment: Ensures consistent quality across production batches, reducing variability and defects in end products.
Related Standards
Professionals utilizing ASTM C1069-09(2022) may also reference the following documents for broader context and complementary guidance:
- ASTM E173: Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals, relevant for validating method precision and reproducibility.
- Standards from the ISO and other international bodies concerning surface area measurement techniques and characterization of fine powders.
- Additional ASTM standards within the C21 Committee on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products, which provide further test methods and specifications for ceramics manufacturing.
By following ASTM C1069-09(2022), organizations can enhance the accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of specific surface area measurements for alumina and quartz, supporting robust quality control and ongoing innovation in ceramic materials. This test method is recognized and respected internationally, aligning with World Trade Organization (WTO) Principles for the development of trustworthy standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C1069-09(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the test method useful to determine the specific surface area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1069-09(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.060.10 - Raw materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C1069-09(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1069 −09 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen
Adsorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope manufacturer of the instrument used. The sample is accurately
weighed after analysis.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthespecific
surface area of aluminas and silicas used in the manufacture of 3.2 Calculations are based on the BET equations, adapted
ceramics. The test method is a general one, permitting the use where necessary for the equipment being used. The cross-
of any modern commercial nitrogen adsorption apparatus but sectional area of the nitrogen molecule is taken as 0.162 nm .
strictly defining the outgassing procedure. Calculations are
4. Significance and Use
based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation.
4.1 Both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
find the test method useful to determine the specific surface
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
area and indirectly as a measure of the particle size for material
standard.
specifications, manufacturing control, and research and devel-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
opment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Specific Surface Area Analyzer, recently (after 1970)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
manufactured commercial equipment employing low-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption. This test method may
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
be dynamic or static.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 Degassing Equipment, suitable to the instrument used.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.3 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 1.0 mg.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Liquid Nitrogen.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Cylinder of compressed nitrogen gas, high purity as
E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of
specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator.
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn
1998)
6.3 Cylinder of compressed helium gas, high purity as
specified by manufacturer, with pressure regulator, for static
3. Summary
instruments or for dynamic instruments having gas mixing
3.1 An appropriate size sample is degassed for1hat423K
ability and employing the multipoint procedure or,
before proceeding with the analysis as prescribed by the
6.4 Cylinder of compressed, approximately 0.30 mol
fraction, nitrogen in helium with pressure regulator, for other
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
dynamic instruments employing the single point procedure.
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
7. Procedure
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1069 – 09 (2014).
7.1 Sample Preparation—Blend the gross sample very well.
DOI: 10.1520/C1069-09R22.
For non-free-flowing materials mechanical agitation is neces-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm
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