ASTM D720/D720M-15e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal
Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is a small-scale test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.
1.2 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to, Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.3
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D720/D720M − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Free-Swelling Index of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to the Appendix editorially in March 2015.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method is a small-scale test for obtaining
information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal.
2. Referenced Documents
The results may be used as an indication of the caking
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel.This test is not
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
recommended as a method for the determination of expansion
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of coals in coke ovens.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.
Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health
3. Significance and Use
risksforusersandforthosewithwhomtheycomeintocontact.
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking
In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-
properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give
cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-
a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to, Safe Use
of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control
4. Apparatus
3
Measures.
4.1 This test method can be made with either electric or gas
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
heating. When using electric heating, the results obtained must
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
be the same as those obtained when using the gas heating
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
method. The apparatus common to both electric and gas
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
methods shall consist of the following:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1.1 Crucible, translucent silica, low-form, with a flat,
with the standard.
close-fitting silica ring-handle lid and an extra pierced lid for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
use in determining the crucible temperature, conforming to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
following requirements:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Weight, g 11.0 to 12.75
External height, mm 26 ± 0.5
External diameter at top, mm 41 ± 0.75
Internal diameter at base, min, mm 11
3
1
Capacity (approximate), cm 17
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
4.1.2 Sight Tube, as shown in Fig. 1, for viewing the coke
Properties of Coal and Coke.
buttons so that the effect of parallax will be eliminated. Make
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D720 – 91 (2010). the tube of any rigid and preferably opaque material and
DOI: 10.1520/D0720/D0720M-15E01.
support vertically on a ring stand.
2
This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of the
4.1.3 Thermocouple and Potentiometer.
British Standards Institution. For information concerning the experimental work on
4.1.4 Weight, 500 g.
which this adaptation is based, see paper by Ostborg, H. N., Limbacker, H. R., and
Sherman, R.A., “An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method for
4.2 The electric apparatus shall consist of the following:
the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal,” Proceedings,Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol 42,
1042, p. 851. See also a paper by Selvig, W.A., and Ode, W. H., “An Investigation
of a Laboratory Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,” U.S.
4
Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238, Revision of R. I. 3989, 1948. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Measures Chrysotile Institute 1200, McGill College Suite 1640 Montreal, Quebec Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Canada H3B 4G7 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM I
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D720/D720M − 15 D720/D720M − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Free-Swelling Index of Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D720/D720M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report footnote to the Appendix editorially in March 2015.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method is a small-scale test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results
may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a
method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.
1.2 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for
users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement
products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to, Safe Use of Chrysotile
3
Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad
indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
4. Apparatus
4.1 This test method can be made with either electric or gas heating. When using electric heating, the results obtained must be
the same as those obtained when using the gas heating method. The apparatus common to both electric and gas methods shall
consist of the following:
4.1.1 Crucible, translucent silica, low-form, with a flat, close-fitting silica ring-handle lid and an extra pierced lid for use in
determining the crucible temperature, conforming to the following requirements:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D720 – 91 (2010). DOI:
10.1520/D0720/D0720M-15.10.1520/D0720/D0720M-15E01.
2
This test method is an adaptation of the Crucible Swelling Test for Coal of the British Standards Institution. For information concerning the experimental work on which
this adaptation is based, see paper by Ostborg, H. N., Limbacker, H. R., and Sherman, R. A., “An Experimental Investigation of the British Standard Method for the Crucible
Swelling Test for Coal,” Proceedings, Am. Soc. Testing Mats., Vol 42, 1042, p. 851. See also a paper by Selvig, W. A., and Ode, W. H., “An Investigation of a Laboratory
Test for Determination of the Free-Swelling Index of Coal,” U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4238, Revision of R. I. 3989, 1948.
3
Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures Chrysotile Institute 1200, McGill College Suite 1640 Montreal, Quebec Canada H3B
4G7
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D720/D72
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