ASTM F2493-23

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2493 − 20 F2493 − 23
Standard Specification for
P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P225/60R16 97S radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered
by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations,
but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 This specification provides a 16 rim code diameter of 16 diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard
dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.
1.3 As of 2020 the E1136 P195/75R14 92S Standard Reference Test Tire is expected to cease production. Upon that occurrence,
the has ceased production. The F2493 P225/60R16 97S Standard Reference Test Tire is an acceptable replacement for E1136 as
the reference tire for Test Methods F1805 and E1337.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
Vulcanized Sheets
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
E1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2023. Published January 2021September 2023. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20192020
as F2493 – 19.F2493 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/F2493-20.10.1520/F2493-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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F2493 − 23
E1337 Test Method for Determining Longitudinal Peak Braking Coefficient (PBC) of Paved Surfaces Using Standard Reference
Test Tire
F538 Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Performance of Tires
F1805 Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow- and Ice-Covered Surfaces
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
F2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
F2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology F538.
3.1.2 all-season tread, n—tread design providing dry, wet, and snow traction performance for an optimized balance for year-round
performance and which may meet the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association (USTMA) definition for an M&S, M+S, M/S, MS, etc.
marked tire (see USTMA “Snow Tire Definitions for Passenger and Light Truck (LT) Tires”). F538
3.1.3 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or property of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture, and skid
resistance. E867
3.1.4 pitch, n—unit of tread pattern elements used in various combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
3.1.5 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—a tire that is commonly used as a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,
Specification surface monitoring tire and meets the requirements for one of Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, andor
F2872 tires.). F538
4. Design and Construction
4.1 The P225/60R16 standard reference test tire shall feature the steel-belted radial technology, and an all-season silica content
tread design, see Figs. 1 and 2, with technology as described in Section 3 and Sections 5 – 7.
FIG. 1 Front View of the P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
Available from the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, 1400 K Street, N.W. N.W., Suite 900, Washington, D.C. 20005.
F2493 − 23
FIG. 2 Side View of the P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
FIG. 3 Rotation Arrow
4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform with the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. (TRA) standard nominal dimensions and
tolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in the current TRA Yearbook.
4.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by Michelin Passenger and Light Truck Tire Manufacturing. The tire is
stamped on the sidewall with the words: “Standard Reference Test Tire” and ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) and DOT
(Department of Transportation) certification marks.
4.4 Beginning in 2014, the tire is marked with an arrow which provides a rotational orientation for those testers who choose to
reference it. (See Fig. 3.)
4.5 Beginning in 2018, the maximum inflation pressure marked on the tire sidewall is changed from 240 kPa (35 psi) to 300 kPa
(44 psi).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall conform to the manufacturer’s design standards.
Available from the Tire and Rim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose West Ave., Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321.4000 Embassy Parkway, Suite 390, Akron, Ohio 44333,
tra@us-tra.org.
The sole source of supply of the standard reference tire known to the committee at this time is Michelin Passenger and Light Truck Tire Manufacturing, 1101 Michelin
Road, Ardmore, OK 73401 (specify P225/60R16 97S SRTT Uniroyal Tiger Paw AWP). If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The 2018 change in maximum inflation pressure accommodates a request from ISO regarding ISO 19447 “Passenger car – Methods for measuring ice grip performance
– Loaded new tyres”. The F2493 SRTT is referenced with test pressure as high as 260 kPa. The revised maximum inflation pressure of 300 kPa (44 psi) was chosen to cover
the pressure range specified by ISO 19447 and comply with TRA guidelines and FMVSS regulations which specify that the only approved maximum pressure values for
passenger tires in the US market are 240, 280, 300, 340, or 350 kPa. Although not well described in FMVSS 139, the pressures of 240, 300, and 350 kPa have hist
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