Standard Specification for Bituminous Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill Under Concrete Slabs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and tests for bituminous membrane water vapor retarders used in contact with soil or granular fill under concrete slabs. Tests may be conducted on both new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate service conditions. The water vapor retarders shall consist of asphaltic materials reinforced with multiple plies of suitable fabric, and shall meet the following property requirements when tested: water vapor permeance; tensile strength; puncture resistance; and thickness. When specifically required by the buyer for use in special conditions, the retarders shall additionally adhere to properties such as resistance to plastic flow and elevated temperatures, effect of low temperature on bending, resistance to deterioration from petroleum vehicle for soil poisons, and resistance to deterioration from exposure to ultraviolet light.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers bituminous water vapor retarders for use in contact or granular fill under concrete slabs.  
1.2 The specified tests are conducted on new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate potential service conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2020
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.21 - Serviceability

Relations

Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Effective Date
15-Apr-2024
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Effective Date
15-Nov-2023
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Effective Date
15-Apr-2018
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017
Effective Date
01-Nov-2016
Effective Date
15-Oct-2015
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Effective Date
01-Mar-2015
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Effective Date
15-Oct-2014

Overview

ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) is the internationally recognized standard specification developed by ASTM International for bituminous water vapor retarders used in direct contact with soil or granular fill beneath concrete slabs. This standard outlines minimum performance requirements, physical properties, and applicable test methods for bituminous membrane vapor retarders designed to control water vapor transmission from the ground into concrete slab-on-grade structures. The standard is crucial for construction professionals, engineers, and material suppliers to ensure quality and consistency in building envelope protection and to minimize risks related to moisture migration.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Coverage

    • Defines the requirements for bituminous water vapor retarders intended for use under concrete slabs in contact with soil or granular fill.
    • Addresses new materials and those conditioned to simulate service conditions.
  • Material Composition

    • Requires vapor retarders to consist of asphaltic materials reinforced with multiple plies of suitable fabric for added strength and durability.
  • Core Properties & Testing

    • Specifies property requirements, including:
      • Water vapor permeance (measured in ng/Pa·s·m or perms)
      • Tensile strength
      • Puncture resistance
      • Thickness
    • Includes additional requirements for resistance to:
      • Plastic flow and elevated temperatures
      • Low-temperature bending
      • Deterioration from petroleum products or soil poisons
      • UV light exposure
  • Testing Protocols

    • Tests are performed according to ASTM referenced methods (E96/E96M, E154/E154M, D828, D1790, D5147/D5147M).
    • Sampling procedures ensure statistically valid results across multiple specimens.
  • Units and Compliance

    • Permits measurements in either SI or inch-pound units, but each must be used independently for compliance.
    • Does not address safety or environmental concerns; users must establish appropriate practices.

Applications

  • Concrete Slab Construction

    • Protective layer under concrete floors to limit ground-sourced water vapor transmission.
    • Essential for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings constructed on or near grade.
  • Building Envelope Moisture Control

    • Ensures long-term protection of floor finishes, insulation, and structural elements from moisture-related damage.
    • Reduces risk of mold, mildew, and deterioration beneath concrete slabs.
  • Special Environmental Conditions

    • Suitable for use in areas with high groundwater or contaminated soils requiring resistant materials.
    • Capable of performance in diverse climates, thanks to its reinforced bituminous composition and possible enhancements for chemical and UV resistance.

Related Standards

For a comprehensive building moisture protection strategy, refer to these related ASTM standards:

  • ASTM E96/E96M - Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
  • ASTM E154/E154M - Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
  • ASTM D5147/D5147M - Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material
  • ASTM D828 - Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard
  • ASTM D1790 - Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastic Sheeting by Impact
  • ASTM E631 - Terminology of Building Constructions

Adhering to ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) helps ensure the integrity, durability, and moisture control performance of concrete slab foundations, directly supporting quality assurance in modern building construction.

Keywords: bituminous water vapor retarder, concrete slab, ASTM E1993/E1993M, soil moisture barrier, vapor permeance, building moisture control, construction standards.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Bituminous Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill Under Concrete Slabs". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers the properties and tests for bituminous membrane water vapor retarders used in contact with soil or granular fill under concrete slabs. Tests may be conducted on both new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate service conditions. The water vapor retarders shall consist of asphaltic materials reinforced with multiple plies of suitable fabric, and shall meet the following property requirements when tested: water vapor permeance; tensile strength; puncture resistance; and thickness. When specifically required by the buyer for use in special conditions, the retarders shall additionally adhere to properties such as resistance to plastic flow and elevated temperatures, effect of low temperature on bending, resistance to deterioration from petroleum vehicle for soil poisons, and resistance to deterioration from exposure to ultraviolet light. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers bituminous water vapor retarders for use in contact or granular fill under concrete slabs. 1.2 The specified tests are conducted on new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate potential service conditions. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT This specification covers the properties and tests for bituminous membrane water vapor retarders used in contact with soil or granular fill under concrete slabs. Tests may be conducted on both new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate service conditions. The water vapor retarders shall consist of asphaltic materials reinforced with multiple plies of suitable fabric, and shall meet the following property requirements when tested: water vapor permeance; tensile strength; puncture resistance; and thickness. When specifically required by the buyer for use in special conditions, the retarders shall additionally adhere to properties such as resistance to plastic flow and elevated temperatures, effect of low temperature on bending, resistance to deterioration from petroleum vehicle for soil poisons, and resistance to deterioration from exposure to ultraviolet light. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers bituminous water vapor retarders for use in contact or granular fill under concrete slabs. 1.2 The specified tests are conducted on new materials and materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate potential service conditions. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2013)e1, ASTM C168-24, ASTM E96/E96M-24, ASTM E96/E96M-23, ASTM E154/E154M-08a(2019), ASTM D5147/D5147M-18, ASTM C168-18, ASTM C168-17, ASTM D828-16, ASTM C168-15a, ASTM C168-15, ASTM E96/E96M-15, ASTM E631-15, ASTM E631-14, ASTM E96/E96M-14. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM E1993/E1993M-98(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1993/E1993M −98 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Bituminous Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with
Soil or Granular Fill Under Concrete Slabs
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1993/E1993M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5147/D5147M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing
Modified Bituminous Sheet Material
1.1 This specification covers bituminous water vapor retard-
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
ers for use in contact or granular fill under concrete slabs.
Materials
1.2 The specified tests are conducted on new materials and
E154/E154M Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used
materials that have been conditioned or exposed to simulate
in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or
potential service conditions.
as Ground Cover
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
specification, see Terminologies C168 and E631.
used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 perm, n—the time rate of water vapor migration
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
through a material or a construction of one grain per hour,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
square foot, inch of mercury pressure difference.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—If a specification states that a one perm
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
limit is required, the same flow rate will be obtained from the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
following relationships:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 1 perm = 1 grain/(h · ft · in Hg) inch pound
—12 2
= 57.2 10 kg/(Pa·s·m ) SI Fundamental Units
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
=57.2ng/(Pa·s·m ) SI Frequently Used
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
=0.66g/24h·m · mm Hg SI has been used but is now
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical obsolete
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.2 vapor retarder, n—(formally vapor barrier) a material
or construction that impedes the transmission of water vapor
2. Referenced Documents
under specified conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.3 water vapor permeability, n—a property of material
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
which is water vapor permeance through unit thickness. Since
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and materials that provide resistance to vapor flow are never used
Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
inunitthickness,theevaluationofbothmaterialsandconstruc-
D1790 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastic tions used herein is permeance.
Sheeting by Impact
4. Sampling
4.1 Each sampling shall consist of sufficient material to
provide at least five specimens for the tests listed in Section 7.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21
5. Specifying Information
onServiceability.
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
5.1 Specification for materials shall include the following:
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1993/
5.1.1 This specification number, and
ɛ1
E1993M–98 (2013) . DOI: 10.1520/E1993_E1993M–98R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM See 3.2.3 of Test Methods E154/E154M. This conversion is based on a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on temperature of 0 °C [32 °F] and not on an environmental temperature of 23 °C
the ASTM website. [73.4 °F].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1993/E1993M−98 (2020)
5.1.2 Performance requirements, if any, for special condi- 7.2.3 Permeance after Testing for Resistance to Deteriora-
tions (see 7.6). tion from Organisms and Substa
...

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