ASTM D3986-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Barium in Brines, Seawater, and Brackish Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Barium in Brines, Seawater, and Brackish Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All waters containing acid soluble barium compounds are known to be toxic. This test method is useful for the determination of barium in brines, seawater, and brackish waters.
Consumption, inhalation, or absorption of 500 to 600 mg of barium is considered fatal to human beings. Lower levels may result in disorders of the heart, blood vessels, and nerves. The drinking water standards set the maximum contaminant level for barium as 2 mg/L barium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable barium in brines, seawater, and brackish waters by direct-current argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP–AES).
1.2 This test method has been tested in the range from 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Samples shall be diluted to contain concentrations within the calibration range (see 11.1 and 12.5). Higher concentrations can also be determined by changing to a less sensitive emission line.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3986 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Barium in Brines, Seawater, and Brackish Water by Direct-
1
Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Defenitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved
method refer to Terminology D1129.
and total recoverable barium in brines, seawater, and brackish
waters by direct-current argon plasma atomic emission spec-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
troscopy (DCP–AES).
3.2.1 total recoverable barium, n—recoverable barium
forms that are determinable by the digestion method that is
1.2 This test method has been tested in the range from 10
included in the procedure.
mg/L to 20 mg/L. Samples shall be diluted to contain concen-
trationswithinthecalibrationrange(see11.1and12.5).Higher 3.2.2 laboratory control sample, n—a solution with a certi-
concentrations can also be determined by changing to a less fied concentration of barium.
sensitive emission line.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 This test method is dependent upon excitation of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
barium atom by a direct-current plasma source. When the
standard.
excited barium atom decays to a lower energy state it emits
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
energy of a wavelength characteristic to the barium atom. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
intensity of this emitted radiation will increase in direct
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
proportion to the concentration of barium in the sample, when
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
working in the linear response range.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Since the variable and often high concentration of
matrix materials in brines, seawater, and brackish water affect
2. Referenced Documents
emission differently, it is a difficult task to prepare standards
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sufficiently similar to the samples. To overcome this problem,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
the standards are buffered with lithium ion and the samples are
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
diluted and buffered in the same manner. The standards are
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
used to construct a calibration curve and the concentration of
Seawater, and Brines
the samples are calculated from this curve. Alternatively, the
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
instrument may be calibrated using a blank and a standard or
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
bracketing standards. The sample concentration can then be
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
read out directly from the instrument.
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by
4.3 The 455.4-nm line has been found to be the most
Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
satisfactory for analysis.
NOTE 1—The barium lines at 230.4 nm, 233.5 nm, and 553.6 nm have
been checked and found to be unsatisfactory for this analysis.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents 4.4 Dissolved barium is determined by filtering the sample
in Water.
through a 0.45-µm pore size membrane filter (Note 2)atthe
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
time of sampling. This definition of “dissolved” barium is
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3986 – 07. DOI:
arbitrary since very fine crystals of barium sulfate may pass
10.1520/D3986-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
through the membrane filter.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 2—These filters have been found to be contaminated to various
the ASTM website. degrees with heavy metals depending on the manufacturer. Care should be
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3986 − 11
exercised in selecting a source for these filters. It has bee
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3986–07 Designation: D3986 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Barium in Brines, Seawater, and Brackish Water by Direct-
1
Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofdissolvedandtotalrecoverablebariuminbrines,seawater,andbrackishwaters
by direct-current argon plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP–AES).
1.2 This test method has been tested in the range from 10 mg/Lto 20 mg/L. Samples shall be diluted to contain concentrations
within the calibration range (see 11.1 and 12.5). Higher concentrations can also be determined by changing to a less sensitive
emission line.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E1097 Guide for Direct Current Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 total recoverable barium, n—recoverable forms of barium forms that are determinable by the digestion method whichthat
is included in the procedure.
3.2.2 laboratory control sample, n—a solution with a certified concentration of barium.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method is dependent upon excitation of the barium atom by a direct-current plasma source. When the excited
barium atom decays to a lower energy state it emits energy of a wavelength characteristic to the barium atom.The intensity of this
emitted radiation will increase in direct proportion to the concentration of barium in the sample, when working in the linear
response range.
4.2 Since the variable and often high concentration of matrix materials in brines, seawater, and brackish water affect emission
differently, it is a difficult task to prepare standards sufficiently similar to the samples. To overcome this problem, the standards
are buffered with lithium ion and the samples are diluted and buffered in the same manner. The standards are used to construct a
calibration curve and the concentration of the samples are calculated from this curve. Alternatively, the instrument may be
calibrated using a blank and a standard or bracketing standards. The sample concentration can then be read out directly from the
instrument.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents inWater.
Current edition approved Aug.Sept. 1, 2007.2011. Published August 2007.September 2011. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
D3986 – 027. DOI: 10.1520/D3986-07.10.1520/D3986-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3986 – 11
4.3 The 455.4-nm line has been found to be the most satisfactory for analysis.
NOTE 1—The barium lines at 230.4 nm, 233.5 nm, and 553.6 nm have been checked and found to be unsatisfactory for this analysis.
4.4 Dissolved barium is determined by filtering the sample through a 0.45-µm pore size membrane filter (Note 2) at the time
of sampling. This definitio
...
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