ASTM D5066-91(1996)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: D 5066 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Transfer Efficiency Under Production
Conditions for Spray Application of Automotive Paints—
Weight Basis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5066; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Unit of measurement statement added editorially in May 1996.
1. Scope EPA Federal Reference Method 24—Determination of
Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume
1.1 This test method provides procedures for determination
Solids, and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings
of the transfer efficiency (using a weight method) under
production conditions for in-plant spray application of auto-
3. Terminology
motive paints as outlined in Section 18 of EPA 450/3-88-018.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight of
3.1.1 paint—the liquid material that is applied onto the part
the paint solids sprayed and that deposited on the painted part.
to cover or coat the surfaces.
The recommended approach involves painting the part directly.
3.1.2 transfer effıciency—the ratio of the weight of paint
Also described is an alternative approach for painting parts
solids deposited to the total weight of paint solids used during
covered with aluminum foil.
the application process, expressed as a percent.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 paint weight solids content—the weight of the non-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
volatile materials in the liquid paint material divided by the
information only.
total weight of the paint, times 100, determined by Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 2369.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 paint density—the mass of a unit volume of the liquid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
paint material at any given temperature, determined by Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Method D 1475.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
3.1.5 satellite paint supply system—a smaller, paint-
statements are given in the note after 10.1.8.
circulating system separate from the main production paint-
2. Referenced Documents circulating supply system capable of supplying paint under the
same conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
4. Summary of Test Method
and Related Products
4.1 The weight of the part to be painted is determined before
D 2369 Test Methods for Volatile Content of Coatings
and after the paint application process. The weight of liquid
2.2 USEPA/MVMA (Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Associa-
paint used per part is determined from material usage and part
tion) Standards:
processing records. The determined weight solids content of
EPA 450/3-88-018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
the paint material is determined and used to calculate the paint
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic
solids sprayed per part. The transfer efficiency of the process is
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light Duty
3 calculated by dividing the weight of paint solids deposited by
Truck Topcoat Operations,
the weight of the paint solids sprayed.
5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
5.1 This test method is specifically directed at the spray
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
painting of automobile car and light duty truck bodies. The
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
Current edition approved May 15, 1991. Published July 1991. Originally
general principles are applicable to the painting of other
published as D 5066 – 90. Last previous edition D 5066 – 90.
automotive parts.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. Refer to EPA 450/3-88-018 dated December 1988.
This protocol makes reference to the determination of production spray transfer Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
efficiency. Office, Washington, DC 20402. Refer to CFR 40, Part 60, Appendix A.
D 5066
5.2 This test method may also be used to measure transfer usage by volume is suggested. This procedure involves mea-
efficiency in full-sized painting facilities simulating production suring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank during the
conditions and operations. test. To provide sufficient accuracy, it may be necessary to paint
a “block” (isolated group) of similar vehicles or parts from the
6. Interferences
paint supply system while usage measurements are taken.
6.1 Limitations include the ability of the weighing device to
Typically, this may require painting approximately 30 vehicles
determine accurately the weight of the paint solids deposited
(see 9.2).
on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the
amount of paint sprayed (see Section 7).
9. Paint Usage Determination by Weight Procedure
6.2 It may be difficult to cover the surface of complex
9.1 This procedure for determining paint usage during the
shaped parts with aluminum foil (see 11.6.11).
test is preferred when a satellite paint supply system is
7. Apparatus available for the process to be tested. With this procedure, it is
usually easier to isolate paint usage for measurement purposes,
7.1 Tension Load Cells, with upper/lower transition pieces.
and accurate results can be obtained with a smaller number of
7.1.1 1500-lb (682 kg) capacity with 0.05-lb (0.02 kg)
vehicles or parts (see 9.1.1).
precision for weighing automobile body and support frame.
9.1.1 At least 5.0 lb (2.27 kg) of paint material must be used
7.1.2 500 to 800-lb (227 to 364-kg) capacity with 0.05-lb
during the test with the specified weighing equipment.
(0.02 kg) precision for weighing mix tanks or automobile
components. 9.2 Before a satellite paint supply system can be used, it
7.1.3 A safety cable is required for upper to lower transition. must be demonstrated that the system is capable of supplying
7.2 Electronic Digitizer/Readout, readability of 0.05 lb the paint at sufficient volume and pressure to maintain normal
(0.02 kg) and special filtering. process conditions (fluid deliveries of the spray devices) and
7.2.1 The electronic digitizer/readout shall meet OIML that the paint can be maintained at a representative temperature
(International Organization of Legalized Metrology) specifica- and viscosity for the duration of the test period. These
tions. requirements can best be assured by mounting the satellite tank
7.3 Voltage Regulator. on a load cell or scale and directly piping it into the production
7.4 Swivel Devices, as required. supply system of the spraybooth. For this procedure the
7.5 Rule and Calipers for measuring diameter of paint requirements are as follows:
supply tank shaft, etc.
9.2.1 Level and calibrate a weighing device (see Section 7)
7.6 Sample Containers, clean and airtight for paint material.
for weighing the satellite supply tank.
7.7 Lifting Device and Support Frame Apparatus to lift
9.2.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must be
body.
turned on long enough to achieve stability, following the
7.7.1 Total weight must not exceed capacity of load cell or
manufacturer’s directions. All weighing devices must be situ-
scale.
ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.
7.8 Standard Calibration Weight, approximately 2 lb (0.9
9.2.3 Introduce the paint material, reduced to spraying
kg).
viscosity, into the tank to be weighed. Before the test is
7.9 Measure Stick, Starret precision spring tempered, satin
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
chrome finish, 36 in. (91.4 cm), with 4R graduations, or
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
equivalent.
leaks are present in the piping system.
9.2.4 Shut off the agitator to minimize vibration during the
8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures
weighing of the system.
8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accurate
9.2.5 Calibrate the weighing device in accordance with
measurements be made of the quantity of paint material used in
manufacturer’s instructions. Weigh and tare a lifting frame, if
the application process during the time period associated with
used to support the satellite paint supply tank.
the coating of specific vehicles or parts. Two general proce-
dures are applicable for accurately measuring paint usage. 9.2.6 Weigh the satellite paint supply tank before the test
vehicles or parts are run. Flexible connections are required to
8.1.1 The preferred procedure is to determine the weight of
paint used during the application study period. Under typical minimize strain. Carefully note the configuration of the tank so
production conditions, such weighing may be difficult, due to that the same configuration is used for both initial and the final
the large number of applicators requiring paint supply from a weighing (that is, hose connections, height, etc.). Weigh the
common tank. If a separate, isolated paint supply tank is used tank until 2 consecutive measurements are obtained within the
measurement error of the weighing system 60.05 lb (0.02 kg).
in the test; it is important to control paint viscosity, tempera-
ture, and flow rate consistent with the regular production Average the two readings. The satellite tank may be left on the
weighing device during the painting operation to monitor
system (see 9.1).
8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight is painting usage on a continuous basis.
not practical, an alternative procedure for determining paint
9.2.7 After painting the test vehicles or parts, reweigh the
satellite paint supply tank in accordance with 9.2.5 and 9.2.6.
9.2.8 Obtain representative paint samples immediately after
Electronic digitizer, Model 5322, available from Sterling Scale Co., 20950
Boening, Southfield, MI 48075, has been found suitable for this purpose. completion of the test for solids and density analysis.
D 5066
10. Paint Usage Determination by Tank Level from the sides of the tank. The top of the tank is to be
Measurement (Volume Procedure) determined by laying a straight edge across the top of the tank
in the same position for each measurement.
10.1 This procedure for determining the paint usage re-
quires that the drop in the liquid level in the system supply tank
NOTE 1—Caution: Any measuring instruments used in this procedure
be measured accurately. This procedure is applicable with must be effectively grounded before contacting the coating tank or coating
liquid surface. Review all measuring instruments for suitability and
either a satellite system or a main-mix room supply system. A
resistance to the paint solvents prior to the test.
sufficient number of parts must be processed in the test block
to provide at least a 3-in. (7.6-cm) drop in the liquid level in the 10.1.9 It may be necessary to provide two-way radio com-
munication between the mix-room monitor and the tested
paint supply tank. Careful measurement is critical to the overall
accuracy of the transfer efficiency test. This procedure consists process operation to coordinate the measurement process and
timing.
of the following:
10.1.10 Obtain representative paint samples immediately
10.1.1 Accurately measure the inside diameter of the paint
after completion of the test for density and solids determina-
supply tank(s) to be used for the various test materials. If the
tions.
agitator shafts, fill pipes, or any other objects are located in the
measurement zone, the occupied volume of these items must
11. Paint Solids Deposited Measurement Procedure
be determined and subtracted from the total volume. Careful
11.1 To determine the transfer efficiency, it is necessary to
selection of the section of the tank for the test measurement
determine both the weight of paint solids sprayed per vehicle or
will minimize the difficulty of this task. The measurements are
part and the weight of paint solids actually deposited onto the
used to develop a conversion factor between level drop and
object in the tested process. These are obtained by weighing
volume of paint.
vehicles or parts incorporated in the same sample (block) used
10.1.2 Most main paint supply systems consist of two tanks
to obtain the paint usage measurement.
connected together to maintain the material supply. During the
11.2 Vehicle or Part Weighing Procedure—The weight of
test, the paint supply tank must be isolated. Check to ensure
paint solids deposited during the application process is deter-
that there is no leakage or overflow between the two tanks and
mined by weighing the vehicle(s) or part(s) prior to and after
that the directional valves for paint return function properly.
the paint is applied and baked. At least two vehicles or parts are
Make sure that these checks are made just prior to and after the
required to be tested. A control part is also run and weighed
test, and are done by measuring the volume in both tanks.
before and after the application process. No paint is applied to
10.1.3 Place the test paint, which has been reduced to
the control part in the process. The control is required to
spraying viscosity, into the paint supply tank to be measured.
determine weight loss from miscellaneous materials (primarily
No material additions or reductions may be made to the tank
sealants and plastics applied prior to the tested process) that
during the test. Before the test is conducted, make certain that
may occur in the drying oven. The difference in the weight of
valving is set so that paint is being drawn from the test tank and
the measurement vehicles adjusted for the weight loss in the
returned to the test tank, and that all air has been removed from
control vehicle or part, is the weight of paint solids applied in
the delivery system.
the tested process.
10.1.4 With satellite paint supply tank systems, special care
11.3 Weighing of the parts requires the use of a precision
must be taken to ensure that all fluid lines are completely filled.
weighing device and digitizer as described in 7.1 an
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