ASTM D7058-04(2014)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7058 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation
of Saybolt Color of Aviation Turbine Fuels and Kerosine
Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the red dye
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
concentration of aviation turbine fuel and kerosine and the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
estimation of the Saybolt color of undyed and red dyed
Petroleum Products
(<0.750 mg⁄L of Solvent Red 26 equivalent) aviation turbine
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
fuel and kerosine. The test method is appropriate for use with
Petroleum Products
aviation turbine fuel and kerosine described in Specifications
D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the
D1655 and D3699. Red dye concentrations are determined at
Automatic Tristimulus Method
levels equivalent to 0.026 to 0.750 mg/L of Solvent Red 26 in
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
samples with Saybolt colors ranging from +30 to –16. The
Titration
Saybolt color of the base fuel for samples dyed red with
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
concentration levels equivalent to 0.026 to 0.750 mg/L of
Analysis
Solvent Red 26 is estimated in the Saybolt Color range +30 to
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
–16. The Saybolt Color for undyed samples is estimated in the
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
Saybolt color range from +30 to –16.
Using Surrogate Mixtures
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Saybolt color, n—an empirical definition of the color
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a clear petroleum liquid based on a scale of –16 to +30 and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determined by Test Method D156.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 surrogate calibration, n—a multivariate calibration
that is developed using a calibration set which consists of
2. Referenced Documents
mixtureswithpre-specifiedandreproduciblecompositionsthat
contain substantially fewer chemical components than the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
samples, which will ultimately be analyzed.
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
3.1.3 surrogate method, n—standard test method that is
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
based on a surrogate calibration.
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3.2.1 product dyes—alkyl derivative of azobenzene-4-azo-
2-naphthol (methyl derivatives of Color Index No. 26105)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
which are more soluble in diesel fuel.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
3.2.2 red dye, n—substance that, when added to fuel,
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
absorbs green light and imparts a red color to the product. For
in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7058 – 04 (2009). DOI:
this test method, red dye is:
10.1520/D7058-04R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.2.1 Solvent Red 26—an azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dye of a specific chemical structure that is used to gauge the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. amount of red dye present in a given sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7058 − 04 (2014)
4. Summary of Test Method the transmitted light to an electronic signal that is processed by
3,4
an A-D converter and a microprocessor.
4.1 A sample is introduced into the liquid specimen cell.
7.2 Sample Cell, constructed of polymethacrylate or clear
The cell is placed into the light path of the apparatus. A beam
optical glass having a path length of approximately 12 cm. If
of visible light is imaged through the sample onto a detector,
more than one cell is used for calibration, validation, and
and the detector response is determined. Wavelengths of the
sample measurement, the path length of the cells must be
spectrum, which correlate highly with the red dye concentra-
matched to 60.005 cm.
tion and with the estimation of Saybolt color, are selected for
analysis using selective bandpass filters. A multivariate math-
ematical analysis converts the detector response for the se- 8. Sampling
lected wavelengths to the red dye concentration and the
8.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with Practice
estimated Saybolt color.
D4057 or D4177.
8.2 Precautions shall be taken to shield the samples from
5. Significance and Use
light prior to analysis.
5.1 In the United States, high sulfur content distillate
products and diesel fuel used for off-road purposes, other than
9. Calibration and Standardization of the Apparatus
aviation turbine fuel, are required to contain red dye.Asimilar
9.1 Calibrate the instrument according to the procedure
dye requirement exists for tax-free distillates. Contamination
described in Annex A2.
of aviation turbine fuel by small quantities of red dye has
NOTE 1—The instruments are calibrated at the factory by the vendor.
occurred. Such contamination presents major problems be-
9.2 Qualify the instrument according to the procedure de-
cause airframe and engine manufacturers have severely limited
scribed in Annex A3.
operation on aviation turbine fuel containing red dye.
NOTE 2—The instruments are qualified at the factory by the vendor.
5.2 An alternate methodology for the determination of the
presence of red dye in aviation turbine fuel is the observation
9.2.1 If the qualification procedure is performed by the
of the color of the fuel when placed in a white bucket. The
vendor, then the user shall perform a quality control check
presence of the dye can be masked in aviation turbine fuels
according to the procedure described in Section 10.
having dark Saybolt color. This test method provides an
objective means of quickly measuring red dye concentration,
10. Quality Control Checks
but to avoid confusion with trace levels of other materials
10.1 To confirm the performance of the instrument
which will be indicated by the instrument, the method requires
periodically, measure the red dye concentration and the esti-
that instrument readings below 0.026 mg/L be reported as No
mated Saybolt color of three control samples using the proce-
Dye Present.
dure outlined in Section 11. The quality control check stan-
5.3 The color of the base fuel is masked by the presence of
dards shall be analyzed at least once a week or before the
the red dye. This test method provides a means of estimating sample analysis if the instrument is used less frequently than
the base color of aviation turbine fuel and kerosine in the
weekly or if the instrument is moved to a different laboratory
presence of red dye. or field location.
6. Interferences
11. Procedure
11.1 Prepare the spectrophotometer for operation in accor-
6.1 The presence of colorants resulting from the refining
process or crude oil or the presence of red dye other than the dance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
quantified types (alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-
11.2 Equilibrate the sample to between 20 and 25°C.
naphthol) can interfere with the accurate determination of the
11.3 Fill a clean, dry, sample cell. The external optical
red dye concentration reported as Solvent Red 26 equivalent,
surfaces must be clean. If not, wipe clean, and dry with a piece
or the accurate estimation of the base fuel color. If there is
of lint free paper (for example, lens paper).
controversy over whether the indicated dye concentration is
from the alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol, the
11.4 Insert the sample cell into the cell chamber of the
procedure described in Annex A5 shall be used to confirm the instrument.
presence of a red dye.
11.5 Record the Solvent Red 26 equivalent concentration
and the estimated Saybolt color.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Filter Spectrophotometer, is equipped with specimen
chamber,visiblewavelengthsource,three10 62nmbandpass 3
JT100S instruments, manufactured by PAC, LP, 300 Bammel Westfield Road,
wavelength discriminating filters having center wavelengths at
Houston, TX 77090, were used in the development of this test method. This is not
an endorsement or certification by ASTM International.
approximately420 65nm,520 65nm,and650 65nm.The
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
bandpass filters are used in conjunction with the visible
isprovided.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformation
wavelength source to produce light in the blue, green, and red
to ASTM headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A detector converts meeting of the responsible technical committee , which you may attend.
D7058 − 04 (2014)
12. Report operation of the test method, exceed the following value in
only one case in twenty:
12.1 Report the dye concentration below 0.026 mg/L as No
13.1.2.1 forSolventRed26dyeconcentrationsbetween0to
Dye Present.
0.750 mg/L:
12.2 Report the red dye concentration at or above
R 5 0.026 mg/L
0.026 mg⁄L to the nearest 0.001 ⁄L as Solvent Red 26 equiva-
lent dye. 13.1.2.2 for samples in the Saybolt color range of –16 to
+30:
12.3 Report the color value as units of estimated Saybolt
color. R 5 4.6 Saybolt color units
13.2 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material
13. Precision and Bias
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test
13.1 Interlaboratory tests of the procedure were carried out
method, bias has not been determined.
using 18 samples covering the red dye concentration range
13.3 Relative Bias (Dye Concentration)—Among certain
equivalent from 0.000 to 0.374 mg/L of Solvent Red 26 5
samples, some bias proportional to the dye concentration was
equivalents and covering the range of Saybolt color from –13
observed when the dye concentration results were compared to
to +30. Seven laboratories participated in the interlaboratory
theexpectedconcentrations.Theobservedbiasdoesnotappear
tests. The precision of this procedure, as determined by the
to be of a systematic nature and is not known to be related to
statistical examination of the interlaboratory test results, is as
the accuracy of this test method, since the activity levels of the
follows:
dye in sample preparation have not been determined, only
13.1.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive
estimated.
results, obtained with the same apparatus under constant
13.4 Relative Bias (Saybolt Color)—Some bias was ob-
operating conditions on identical samples, would in the long
served when the color results were compared to the Test
run, in normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed
Method D156 results, however, this bias was observed only for
the following value in only one case in twenty:
samples that had high concentration of the dye (>0.180 mg/L).
13.1.1.1 for Solvent Red 26 equivalent dye concentrations
ThebiasforthebasefuelswaswithinthestandarderrorofTest
between 0 to 0.750 mg/L:
Method D156.
r 5 0.006 mg/L
13.5 Theprecisionstatementsin13.1werederivedfromthe
13.1.1.2 for samples in the Saybolt color range of –16 to
1997 interlaboratory test program. Participants analyzed seven
+30:
sets of undyed base fuels and 13 sets of dyed base fuel/color
combinations in duplicate in the Saybolt color range of –16 to
r 5 1.1 Saybolt color units
+30 and dye concentration from 0 to 0.374 mg/L, seven
13.1.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single
laboratories participated with the automatic apparatus and five
and independent results obtained from different instruments on
laboratories participated with the manual Test Method D156
identical samples, would in the long run, in normal and correct
apparatus.
14. Keywords
Supporting data, results of the 1997 Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program,
14.1 aviation turbine fuel; kerosine; red dye concentration;
have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by
requesting Research Report RR:D02-1521. Saybolt color; visible spectrometry
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF RED DYE/SAYBOLT COLOR STANDARDS, QUALIFICATION SAMPLES,
AND QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
TABLE A1.1 Dye Solution Absorption Range
A1.1 Scope
Dye Solution Wavelength (nm) Absorption
A1.1.1 This annex is a description of the preparation of dye
Yellow 5GS-EX 395 0.881 to 0.935
concentration and color standard samples used for calibration
Orange EX 465 0.519 to 0.541
and qualification. It also describes the preparation of possible
Blue SB 600 0.412 to 0.438
645 0.465 to 0.494
standard samples that can be used for periodic checks.
A1.2 Apparatus
A1.2.1 Spectrophotometer, equipped to measure the absor- with an effective spectral slit width of 10 62nmor5 6 1 nm.
bance of solutions in the spectral region from 380 to 780 nm Wavelengthmeasurementsshallberepeatableandknowntobe
D7058 − 04 (2014)
accurate to 0.1 nm. The photometric linearity is to be 60.5 % A1.4.2 Repeat the above procedure for the Orange EX and
of full scale and a photometric reproducibility of 60.2 %. Blue SB dyes. These solutions are called Orange EX dye
solution and Blue SB dye solution, respectively.
A1.2.2 Sample Cells, constructed of optical glass or quartz
A1.4.3 Pipet 2 mL of the Yellow 5GS-EX solution into a
having a path length of 1 6 0.001 cm for use with the
200 mLvolumetric flask, dilute to the mark with dodecane and
spectrophotometer described in A1.2.1.
mix well.
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