ASTM D1188-07(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated Samples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air voids as given in Test Method D3203. Since specific gravity has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of measurement is required. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted bituminous mixtures as defined in Terminology E12.
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2 % of water by volume, or both, as determined by Section 8.
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D1188 −07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous
Mixtures Using Coated Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted
Construction Materials Testing
bituminous mixtures as defined in Terminology E12.
D5361Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain
tures for Laboratory Testing
open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2% of
D6752Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
water by volume, or both, as determined by Section 8.
of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous Vacuum Sealing Method
E12Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the
mixture. of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
voids as given in Test Method D3203. Since specific gravity
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measurement is required. This conversion is made by multi-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
plyingthespecificgravityatagiventemperaturebythedensity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of water at the same temperature.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensi-
tivity to enable bulk specific gravities to the specimens to be
2. Referenced Documents
calculated to at least four significant figures, that is, to at least
2 three decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable
2.1 ASTM Standards:
apparatus to permit weighing the specimen while it is sus-
D979Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
pended in water. The balance shall conform to Specification
D1461Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in
D4753 as a class GP2 balance.
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
4.1.1 Since there are no more significant figures in the
D2726Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
quotient (bulk specific gravity) than appear in either the
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
dividend(themassofthespecimeninair)orinthedivisor(the
D3203Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted
volume of the specimen, obtained from the difference in mass
ofthespecimeninairandinwater),thismeansthatthebalance
must have a sensitivity capable of providing both mass and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
volume values to at least four figures. For example, a sensi-
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.
tivity of 0.1 g would provide four significant figures for the
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
determination of a mass in the range from 130.0 to 999.9 g
ε1
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1188–07 . DOI:
when the specific gravity is 2.300.
10.1520/D1188-07R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1188−07 (2015)
4.2 Water Bath, for immersing the specimen in water while Section 8. If the percent water absorbed by the specimen does
suspended, equipped with either an overflow outlet for main- notexceed2%,reportthebulkspecificgravityoftheuncoated
taining a constant water level or an electronic tare feature on specimen as determined in 7.1.
the scale.
8. Procedure
5. Materials
8.1 Mass of Uncoated Specimens—After the sample has
5.1 Parafilm—Is an elastomeric film obtainable from most
beendriedunderafanuntilaconstantmasshasbeenachieved,
scientific suppliers.
determine the mass of the sample. Designate this as mass A.
5.2 Polyurethane Foam—A foam mat of a minimum of
8.2 Mass of Coated Specimen:
50×50 cm (20×20 in.) shall be used for the working surface
8.2.1 On a hard surface, cut two 100×100-mm (4×4-in.)
by about 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick.Additionally, a minimum of
and one 100×200-mm (4×8-in.) pieces of Parafilm from the
one foam pad with a size approximately equal to the top
roll with a sharp blade.
surface dimensions of the sample shall be on hand.
8.2.2 Peel the backing off of one of the 100×100-mm
5.3 Calibration Cylinder—An approximately 100-mm (4-
(4×4-in.) pieces.
in.) diameter by 60-mm (2.5-in.) smooth-sided aluminum
8.2.3 Grasp opposite sides of the film and stretch. Repeat
cylinder.
the stretching with the other two sides until the film has been
stretched to an approximately 150 × 150-mm (6 × 6-in.)
6. Test Specimens
square. Take care not to create holes in the film.
6.1 Test specimens may be molded from laboratory-mixed
8.2.4 Place the stretched film over one end of the specimen
field samples or be cut from bituminous pavement in the field.
and press the sides of the film around the sample.
Field samples should be obtained in accordance with Practice
8.2.5 Turn the specimen over and place on the foam mat.
D979. Pavement specimens shall be taken from pavements
Repeat 8.2.2 – 8.2.4 for the other end of the specimen.
with a core drill, diamond, or carborundrum saw, or other
8.2.6 After both ends have been wrapped (and working on
suitable means, in accordance with Practice D5361.
the foam mat) place another piece of foam on top of the
specimen that is approximately the same size and shape as the
6.2 Size of Specimens—It is recommended, (1) that the
specimen. Use another specimen of the same size to press
diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the
down on top of the foam. This will eliminate the air pockets
lengthofthesidesofsawedspecimensbeatleastequaltofour
from both surfaces.
times the maximum size of the aggregate; and (2) that the
8.2.7 Useasharpknifetotrimtheexcessfilmfromthesides
thickness of specimens be at least one and one half times the
of the sample. Take care not to damage the sample. There
maximum size of the aggregate.
shouldbeaminimumof15mm(approximately0.5in.)offilm
6.3 Take pavement specimens from pavements with a core
remaining on the side of the specimen at each end.
drill, diamond or Carborundum saw, or by other suitable
8.2.8 Next, peel the backing off of the remaining piece of
means.
film.Graspthefilmattheendsandstretchouttoabout400mm
6.3.1 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of
(16 in.).
specimens during and after removal from pavement or mold.
8.2.9 Place one end of the stretched film on the side of the
Store specimens in a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1188 − 07 D1188 − 07 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous
Mixtures Using Coated Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Added research report information to Section 12 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted bituminous
mixtures as defined in Terminology E12.
1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2 % of water by
volume, or both, as determined by Section 8.
1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted bituminous mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D1461 Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
D3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for Laboratory Testing
D6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Automatic Vacuum
Sealing Method
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air voids as given in Test Method D3203. Since specific gravity has no units,
it must be converted to density when this type of measurement is required. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific
gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensitivity to enable bulk specific gravities to the specimens to be
calculated to at least four significant figures, that is, to at least three decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable apparatus
to permit weighing the specimen while it is suspended in water. The balance shall conform to Specification D4753 as a class GP2
balance.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of BituminousAsphalt Mixtures.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2007July 1, 2015. Published October 2007October 2015. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20022007
ε1
as D1188 – 96 (2002)D1188 – 07 . DOI: 10.1520/D1188-07E01.10.1520/D1188-07R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1188 − 07 (2015)
4.1.1 Since there are no more significant figures in the quotient (bulk specific gravity) than appear in either the dividend (the
mass of the specimen in air) or in the divisor (the volume of the specimen, obtained from the difference in mass of the specimen
in air and in water), this means that the balance must have a sensitivity capable of providing both mass and volume values to at
least four figures. For example, a sensitivity of 0.1 g would provide four significant figures for the determination of a mass in the
range from 130.0 to 999.9 g when the specific gravity is 2.300.
4.2 Water Bath, for immersing the specimen in water while suspended, equipped with either an overflow outlet for maintaining
a constant water level or an electronic tare feature on the scale.
5. Materials
5.1 Parafilm—Is an elastomeric film obtainable from most scientific suppliers.
5.2 Polyurethane Foam—A foam mat of a minimum of 50 × 50 cm (20 × 20 in.) shall be used for the working surface by about
12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick. Additionally, a minimum of one foam pad with a size approximately equal to the top surface dimensions
of the sample shall be on hand.
5.3 Calibration Cylinder—An approximately 100-mm (4-in.) diameter by 60-mm (2.5-in.) smooth-sided aluminum cylinder.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Test specimens may be molded from laboratory-mixed field samples or be cut from bituminous pavement in the field. Field
samples should be obtained in accordance with Practice D979. Pavement specimens shall be taken from pavements with a core
drill, diamond, or carborundrum saw, or other suitable means, in accordance with Practice D5361.
6.2 Size of Specimens—It is recommended, (1) that the diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the length of
the sides of sawed specimens be at least equal to four times the maximum size of the aggregate; and (2) that the thickness of
specimens be at least one and one half times the maximum size of the aggregate.
6.3 Take pavement specimens from pavements with a core drill, diamond or Carborundum saw, or by other suitable means.
6.3.1 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of specimens during and after removal from pavement or mold. Store
specimens in a safe, cool place.
6.3.2 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials such as seal coat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil. When
any of these materials are visually evident, they shall be removed in accordance with 6.3.3.
6.3.3 If desired, specimens may be separated from other pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means.
7. Determine if Coating of Specimens is Needed
7.1 Determine the bulk specific gravity of the uncoated specimen according to Test Methods D2726 or D6752.
7.2 Use the data collected in 7.1 to calculate the percent water absorbed by the specimen (on volume basis) as follows:
B 2 A
% Water Absorbed by Vol. 5 100 (1)
B 2 C
where:
A = mass of the dry specimen in air, g
B = mass of the saturated surface-dry specimen in air, g
C = mass of specimen in water, g.
7.3 If the percent water absorbed by the specimen in Section 7.2 exceeds 2 %, continue with the procedures outlined in Section
8. If the percent water absorbed by the specimen does not exceed 2 %, report the bulk specific gravity of the uncoated specimen
as determined in 7.1.
8. Procedure
8.1 Mass of Uncoated Specimens—After the sample has been dried under a fan until a constant mass has been achieved,
determine the mass of the sample. Designate this as mass A.
8.2 Mass of Coated Specimen:
8.2.1 On a hard surface, cut two 100 × 100-mm (4 × 4-in.) and one 100 × 200-mm (4 × 8-in.) pieces of Parafilm from the roll
with a sharp blade.
8.2.2 Peel the backing off of one of the 100 × 100-mm (4 × 4-in.) pieces.
8.2.3 Grasp opposite sides of the film and stretch. Repeat the stretching with the other two sides until the film has been stretched
to an approximately 150 × 150-mm (6 × 6-in.) square. Take care not to c
...
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