ASTM D6934-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
Standard Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected to other characterization tests.
3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2022
- Technical Committee
- D04 - Road and Paving Materials
- Drafting Committee
- D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2004
Overview
ASTM D6934-22: Standard Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt establishes a quantitative procedure for determining residue content in emulsified asphalts. This widely recognized method is vital for assessing the compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalts, which are primarily composed of asphalt base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The results from residue by evaporation inform critical decisions in road and paving material quality control and help ensure consistent performance and specification compliance within asphalt mixtures.
Key Topics
- Residue Determination: The test measures the percentage of residue that remains after the evaporation of water from emulsified asphalt samples. This is achieved by heating the asphalt in an oven at a specified temperature (163 ± 3°C).
- Sample Preparation: Proper stirring and conditioning of samples are required to ensure homogeneity before analysis, supporting repeatable and accurate measurements.
- Testing Reliability: Adherence to proper calibration and maintenance of equipment, as well as staff competence, impacts the accuracy and consistency of results. Agencies that follow ASTM D3666 guidelines are typically regarded as capable of conducting reliable tests.
- Comparison with Distillation Method: The residue obtained by evaporation tends to display lower penetration and ductility compared to the distillation method (ASTM D6997). While data from the evaporation test can be accepted for some purposes, results from the distillation method are preferred when discrepancies arise in specification compliance.
Applications
The ASTM D6934-22 test method is extensively used in:
- Quality Assurance of Emulsified Asphalts: This standard supports manufacturers, contractors, and quality control laboratories in verifying the residue content of cationic and anionic emulsified asphalts.
- Pavement Construction and Maintenance: Accurate determination of asphalt residue helps ensure that emulsions used in road construction and maintenance will meet durability and performance requirements.
- Product Specification and Acceptance: The method is referenced in contract specifications and acceptance criteria for roadway and paving projects, helping agencies confirm that materials comply with project standards.
- Research and Development: Materials scientists and engineers use the evaporation residue test to investigate the properties of new asphalt emulsion formulations.
Related Standards
Adherence to ASTM D6934-22 is often supplemented by reference to additional relevant standards in the asphalt and paving field:
- ASTM D3666: Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials - outlines competence and capabilities for testing agencies.
- ASTM D6997: Standard Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt - provides an alternative method for determining residue via distillation.
- ASTM E11: Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves - referenced for sieve specifications used in residue handling.
By following ASTM D6934-22, stakeholders in the road and paving industry can improve quality control, enhance material performance, and ensure compliance with project specifications. The standard is aligned with internationally recognized best practices on standardization, offering widespread acceptance and practical value in the global infrastructure sector.
Keywords: ASTM D6934, emulsified asphalt, residue by evaporation, asphalt testing, road materials quality, pavement standards, residue determination, construction materials standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D6934-22 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected to other characterization tests. 3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method. Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected to other characterization tests. 3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method. Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6934-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D6934-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D3666-16, ASTM D3666-13, ASTM E11-13, ASTM D3666-11, ASTM D3666-09a, ASTM E11-09e1, ASTM D3666-07a, ASTM D3666-07ae1, ASTM D3666-07e1, ASTM D3666-07, ASTM D3666-07e2, ASTM D3666-06, ASTM D3666-05a, ASTM D3666-05, ASTM D6997-04. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D6934-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6934 −22
Standard Test Method for
Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional charac-
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
teristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be
of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a
subjected to other characterization tests.
semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying
agent.
3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to
giveanasphalticresiduelowerinpenetrationandductilitythan
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications
standard.
containing requirements for determination of residue by
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using
as requirements of the standard.
the distillation test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the NOTE 1—The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent
on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification
D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dependonmanyfactors;followingthesuggestionsofSpecificationD3666
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
controlling some of those factors.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 A sample of emulsified asphalt in an open top beaker is
heated in an oven at 163 6 3 °C to determine the percentage of
2. Referenced Documents
asphalt residue. The residue from the evaporation may be
2 tested as required.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
5. Sample Conditioning for Testing
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
5.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred to
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
achieve homogeneity before testing.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves 5.2 All emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing require-
ments of 50 °C shall be heated to 50 6 3 °C in the original
sample container in a water bath or oven. The container should
be vented to relieve pressure. After the sample reaches 50 6
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
3 °C, stir the sample to achieve homogeneity.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 on
Emulsified Asphalt Test.
5.3 Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
of 25 °C should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3 °C in the original
in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6934 – 08 (2016). DOI:
10.1520/D6934-22.
sample container to achieve homogeneity.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 2—Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 25 °C may be heated and stirred as specified in 5.2 if necessary. For
the ASTM website. example, if there is settlement at the bottom of the container the sample
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6934−22
should be h
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6934 − 08 (Reapproved 2016) D6934 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Residue by Evaporation of Emulsified Asphalt
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid
or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected
to other characterization tests.
3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the
distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing
requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet
the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and areis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 on
Emulsified Asphalt Test.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016July 1, 2022. Published May 2016July 2022. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20082016 as
D6934 – 08.D6934 – 08 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D6934-08R16.10.1520/D6934-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6934 − 22
NOTE 1—The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability,
calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent
and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely
ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance
provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
4. Summary of Method
4.1 A sample of emulsified asphalt in an open top beaker is heated in an oven at 163 6 3°C3 °C to determine the percentage of
asphalt residue. The residue from the evaporation may be tested as required.
5. Sample Conditioning for Testing
5.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred to achieve homogeneity before testing.
5.2 All emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of 50°C50 °C shall be heated to 50 6 3°C3 °C in the original
sample container in a water bath or oven. The container should be vented to relieve pressure. After the sample reaches 50 6
3°C,3 °C, stir the sample to achieve homogeneity.
5.3 Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of 25°C25 °C should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3°C3 °C in the
original sample container to achieve homogeneity.
NOTE 2—Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of 25°C25 °C may be heated and stirred as specified in 5.2 if necessary. In the event
the For example, if there is settlement at the bottom of the container the sample should be heated as described in 5.2 method is used, the sample should
be cooled to 25 6 3°C before testing. followed by stirring to achieve homogeneity. Stirring settled emulsions at 25 6 3 °C can result
...
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