D04.42 - Emulsified Asphalt Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to identify or classify an emulsified asphalt as an RS or MS by measuring the amount of available asphalt that is broken from the emulsified asphalt by utilizing specified amounts and concentrations of calcium chloride solution for anionic emulsified asphalts and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate for cationic emulsified asphalts.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, applicable to both anionic and cationic emulsified asphalts of the RS and MS type, measures the chemical breaking of the emulsified asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:    
Test  
Sections  
Composition:  
Water Content  
4 – 10  
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation  
See Test Method
D6997  
Residue by Evaporation  
See Test Method
D6934  
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts  
See Practice
D7402  
Consistency:  
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)  
See Test Method
D7496  
Stability:  
Demulsibility  
See Test Method
D6936  
Settlement  
See Test Method
D6930  
Cement Mixing  
See Test Method
D6935  
Sieve Test  
See Test Method
D6933  
Aggregate Coating  
See Practice
D6998  
Miscibility with Water  
See Practice
D6999  
Freezing  
See Practice
D6929  
Coating Ability and Water Resistance  
11 – 18  
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion  
See Test Method
D6930  
Examination of Residue  
19 – 26  
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt  
27 – 34  
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions  
See Practice
D7402  
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts  
35 – 40  
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test  
41 – 46  
Density of Emulsified Asphalt  
See Test Method
D6937  
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation  
See Test Method
D7403  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes their flow properties and affects their utility at 50 °C or at other temperatures. The sprayability and workability of an emulsified asphalt are directly related to its viscosity for many applications. The material must be thin enough to be sprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsified asphalts, the viscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at a temperature of 50 °C, 25 °C, or another agreed-upon temperature. The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 r/min allow for an automated and consistent determination of an emulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the rotational paddle viscometer to measure the viscosity of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts described in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The result of this test method indicates the ability of a slow-setting emulsified asphalt to mix with a finely divided, high-surface-area material (high early strength, Type III portland cement) without breaking the emulsified asphalt.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be a mixing test used to identify or classify a slow-setting, SS or CSS, type of emulsified asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements for the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected to other characterization tests.  
3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used to obtain residues of emulsified asphalts. The residue may be used for further testing.  
4.2 As approximately 5 g of residue is typically obtained, limited testing is possible.
Note 1: Rheological characterization as described in Test Methods D7175 and D7405 are suitable test methods. Additional test methods are being developed suited to the small amounts of residue obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is suitable for recovery of the residue of emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. Asphalt base may be pre-modified with polymeric modifiers or latex polymer modifiers may be incorporated into the emulsified asphalt through co-milling or post emulsified asphalt production blending.  
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provide a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a quick and quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts giving comparable results to Test Methods D6934, D6997, and D7404.  
1.2 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The retention of an excessive amount of particles on the sieve indicates that problems may occur in handling and application of the material. Particles of asphalt retained on the sieve are often caused by agglomeration of the dispersed phase. Storage, pumping, handling, and temperature can all contribute to the formation of particles. Contamination from the tank, transport, or hose are other factors affecting particle formation.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the degree to which an emulsified asphalt may contain particles of asphalt or other discreet solids retained on a 850-μm mesh sieve.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Certain agencies who desire to use, store, or transport emulsified asphalt under less than ideal weather conditions may require that the product remain homogeneous (unbroken) after being subjected to a temperature of −18 °C.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 Emulsified asphalt is normally damaged by freezing temperatures, but specially formulated materials are expected to pass this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedure described in this practice is used to obtain a residue from an emulsified asphalt that may be used for further testing in devices such as a dynamic shear rheometer. The lower evaporative temperatures of this procedure provide conditions that are very close to those of application techniques for these materials. This practice could be used in place of recovery techniques such as those of Test Methods D6934 and D6997, when the temperatures used in those standards would negatively affect the residue.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for recovering the residue from emulsified asphalts such as those specified in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M using a low-temperature evaporative technique that is similar to pavement conditions. The recovered residue can be used for further testing as required.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue and oil distillates in emulsified asphalts for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. This test method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing. This method may not be appropriate for emulsified asphalts containing latex or polymer; however, some specifying agencies may utilize this method and stipulate a lowered distillation temperature. By stipulating a lowered distillation temperature, the precision and bias statement may not be considered valid. Low-temperature methods such as Test Method D7403 and Practice D7497 are options for obtaining residue for latex or polymer modified emulsified asphalts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue and oil distillate in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The intent of this practice is to ensure that a given mixing grade emulsified asphalt is stable enough and otherwise possesses the ability to mix with a reference stone for the prescribed time, and coat it uniformly and thoroughly.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers those emulsified asphalts intended for use by mixing with aggregate. It is not applicable to rapid-setting types or diluted materials used for tack coats, priming, or mulch treatments.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is sometimes desirable to dilute an emulsified asphalt in the field with water. This practice is designed to ascertain if this may be done without irreversibly separating the water and asphalt (breaking) in the emulsified asphalt.
Note 2: Water supplies available in some areas contain high levels of dissolved salts and other minerals which coalesce (break) emulsified asphalts to a greater degree than distilled or deionized water. It is recommended that the user evaluate potential local job site water sources such as tap water using this practice before attempting a field dilution.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the suitability of all medium and slow-setting emulsified asphalts to be diluted with water. If desired, other liquids may be substituted for water, such as propylene glycol. It is not applicable to the rapid-setting types.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used to indicate the compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt and is applicable to anionic emulsified asphalts as described in Table 1 of Specification D977 and cationic emulsified asphalt as described in Table 1 of Specification D2397/D2397M except solvent-containing emulsions. The residue obtained from this test method may also be subjected to rheological characterizations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid and quantitative determination of the residue in emulsified asphalts using a moisture balance analyzer. It is applicable to all nonsolvent-containing emulsion types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 A precision and bias statement for this test method has not been completed at this time. Therefore, this test method should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts at a temperature of 135 °C (275 °F) with a 60-min distillation test using current distillation apparatus. This method is suitable to obtain residues for service evaluation, quality control, and research. This distillation method is not intended to produce residues equivalent to the Test Method D6997 260 °C (500 °F) distillation procedure.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The emulsified asphalts will generally contain polymeric materials. It is especially suitable for emulsified asphalt residue properties that may be altered at the high-temperature 260 °C (500 °F) distillation. Since there is currently not a precision statement for this procedure, it is recommended to the user that this procedure not be used for buy/sell purposes at the present time.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard reference notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful for determining, in a comparatively short time, the storage stability or settlement of an emulsified asphalt. It is a measure of the permanence of the dispersion as related to time, but it is not to be construed to have significance as a measure of other stability aspects involved in use.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the ability of an emulsified asphalt to remain as a uniform dispersion during storage. It is applicable to emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397/D2397M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Cationic emulsified asphalts are identified by the migration of the particles to a negatively charged electrode (cathode) by means of a direct current. Aggregates and sands used in conjunction with emulsified asphalts are often predominantly either negatively or positively charged. Emulsified asphalts should be selected to be compatible with the available aggregate or sand. This practice will aid in identifying a cationic type of emulsified asphalt as defined by Specification D2397.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to identify cationic emulsified asphalts. Positively charged particles are classified as cationic. Emulsified asphalts that don’t register a positive charge may also be classified as cationic slow-setting if they coat a specific type of negatively charged silica sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a controlled laboratory test for the determination of quantitative volumes of emulsified asphalt for use in bills of lading, invoicing, and application rates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of density of emulsified asphalt used in highway construction. This unit is computed by determining the mass of an emulsified asphalt contained in a standard measure of known volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The retention of an excessive amount of particles on the sieve indicates that problems may occur in handling and application of the material. Particles of asphalt retained on the sieve are often caused by agglomeration of the dispersed phase. Storage, pumping, handling, and temperature can all contribute to the formation of particles. Contamination from the tank, transport, or hose are other factors affecting particle formation.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the degree to which an emulsified asphalt may contain particles of asphalt or other discreet solids retained on a 850-μm mesh sieve.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts at a temperature of 135 °C (275 °F) with a 60-min distillation test using current distillation apparatus. This method is suitable to obtain residues for service evaluation, quality control, and research. This distillation method is not intended to produce residues equivalent to the Test Method D6997 260 °C (500 °F) distillation procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The emulsified asphalts will generally contain polymeric materials. It is especially suitable for emulsified asphalt residue properties that may be altered at the high-temperature 260 °C (500 °F) distillation. Since there is currently not a precision statement for this procedure, it is recommended to the user that this procedure not be used for buy/sell purposes at the present time.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses in inch-pound units are provided for informational purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes their flow properties and affects their utility at 50 °C or at other temperatures. The sprayability and workability of an emulsified asphalt are directly related to its viscosity for many applications. The material must be thin enough to be sprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsified asphalts, the viscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at a temperature of 50 °C, 25 °C, or another agreed-upon temperature. The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 r/min allow for an automated and consistent determination of an emulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the rotational paddle viscometer to measure the viscosity of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts described in Specifications D977 and D2397.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:    
Test  
Sections  
Composition:  
Water Content  
4 – 10  
Residue and Oil Distillate by Distillation  
See Test Method
D6997  
Residue by Evaporation  
See Test Method
D6934  
Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts  
See Practice
D7402  
Consistency:  
Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)  
See Test Method
D7496  
Stability:  
Demulsibility  
See Test Method
D6936  
Settlement  
See Test Method
D6930  
Cement Mixing  
See Test Method
D6935  
Sieve Test  
See Test Method
D6933  
Aggregate Coating  
See Practice
D6998  
Miscibility with Water  
See Practice
D6999  
Freezing  
See Practice
D6929  
Coating Ability and Water Resistance  
11 – 18  
Storage Stability of Asphalt Emulsion  
See Test Method
D6930  
Examination of Residue  
19 – 26  
Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt  
27 – 34  
Identification of Cationic Slow Set Emulsions  
See Practice
D7402  
Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts  
35 – 40  
Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test  
41 – 46  
Density of Emulsified Asphalt  
See Test Method
D6937  
Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation  
See Test Method
D7403  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The result of this test method indicates the ability of a slow-setting emulsified asphalt to mix with a finely divided, high-surface-area material (high early strength, Type III, portland cement) without breaking the emulsified asphalt.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be a mixing test used to identify or classify a slow-setting, SS or CSS, type of emulsified asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements for the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixibility and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to identify or classify an emulsified asphalt as an RS or MS by measuring the amount of available asphalt that is broken from the emulsified asphalt by utilizing specified amounts and concentrations of calcium chloride solution for anionic emulsified asphalts and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate for cationic emulsified asphalts.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, applicable to both anionic and cationic emulsified asphalts of the RS and MS type, measures the chemical breaking of the emulsified asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Certain agencies who desire to use, store, or transport emulsified asphalt under less than ideal weather conditions may require that the product remain homogeneous (unbroken) after being subjected to a temperature of −18 °C.
SCOPE
1.1 Emulsified asphalt is normally damaged by freezing temperatures, but specially formulated materials are expected to pass this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedure described in this practice is used to obtain a residue from an emulsified asphalt that may be used for further testing in devices such as a dynamic shear rheometer. The lower evaporative temperatures of this procedure provide conditions that are very close to that of application techniques for these materials. This practice could be used in place of recovery techniques such as those of Test Methods D6934 and D6997, when the temperatures used in those standards would negatively affect the residue.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for recovering the residue from emulsified asphalts such as those specified in Specifications D977 and D2397 using a low temperature evaporative technique that is similar to pavement conditions. The recovered residue can be used for further testing as required.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The test may be used to indicate compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt. Evaporation residue may also be subjected to other characterization tests.  
3.2 This test method for residue by evaporation tends to give an asphaltic residue lower in penetration and ductility than the distillation test method (D6997). Material may be accepted but shall not be rejected as failing to meet specifications containing requirements for determination of residue by distillation, on data obtained by evaporation. If residue from evaporation fails to meet the requirements for properties specified for residue from distillation, tests shall be rerun using the distillation test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test is used to indicate the compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt and is applicable to anionic emulsified asphalts as described in Table 1 of Specification D977 and cationic emulsified asphalt as described in Table 1 of Specification D2397 except solvent-containing emulsions. The residue obtained from this test method may also be subjected to rheological characterizations.
SCOPE
1.1 1.1 This test method covers a rapid and quantitative determination of the residue in emulsified asphalts using a moisture analyzer. It is applicable to all nonsolvent-containing emulsion types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 A precision and bias statement for this test method has not been completed at this time. Therefore, this test method should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used to obtain residues of emulsified asphalts. The residue may be used for further testing.  
4.2 As approximately 5 g of residue is typically obtained, limited testing is possible.
Note 1: Rheological characterization as described in Test Methods D7175 and D7405 are suitable test methods. Additional test methods are being developed suited to the small amounts of residue obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is suitable for recovery of the residue of emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water and an emulsifying agent. Asphalt base may be pre-modified with polymeric modifiers or latex polymer modifiers may be incorporated into the emulsified asphalt through co-milling or post emulsified asphalt production blending.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes their flow properties and affects their utility at 50°C or at other temperatures. The sprayability and workability of an emulsified asphalt are directly related to its viscosity for many applications. The material must be thin enough to be sprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsified asphalts the viscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at a temperature of 50°C, 25°C, or another agreed-upon temperature. The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 RPM allow for an automated and consistent determination of an emulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the rotational paddle viscometer to measure the viscosity of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts described in Specifications D977 and D2397.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The retention of an excessive amount of particles on the sieve indicates that problems may occur in handling and application of the material. Particles of asphalt retained on the sieve often are caused by agglomeration of the dispersed phase. Storage, pumping, handling, and temperature can all contribute to the formation of particles. Contamination from the tank, transport, or hose are other factors affecting particle formation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the degree to which an emulsified asphalt may contain particles of asphalt or other discreet solids retained on a 850-μm mesh sieve.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 It is sometimes desirable to dilute an emulsified asphalt in the field with water. This practice is designed to ascertain if this may be done without irreversibly separating the water and asphalt (breaking) in the emulsified asphalt.Note 2—Water supplies available in some areas contain high levels of dissolved salts and other minerals which coalesce (break) emulsified asphalts to a greater degree than distilled or deionized water. It is recommended that the user evaluate potential local job site water sources such as tap water using this practice before attempting a field dilution.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the suitability of all medium and slow-setting emulsified asphalts to be diluted with water.. It is not applicable to the rapid-setting types.  
1.2 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test is used to indicate the compositional characteristics of emulsified asphalt and is applicable to anionic emulsified asphalts as described in Table 1 of Specification D977 and cationic emulsified asphalt as described in Table 1 of Specification D2397 except solvent-containing emulsions. The residue obtained from this test method may also be subjected to rheological characterizations.
SCOPE
1.1 1.1 This test method covers a rapid and quantitative determination of the residue in emulsified asphalts using a moisture analyzer. It is applicable to all nonsolvent-containing emulsion types.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 A precision and bias statement for this test method has not been completed at this time. Therefore, this test method should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue and oil distillates in emulsified asphalts for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. This test method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing. This method may not be appropriate for emulsified asphalts containing latex or polymer, however some specifying agencies may utilize this method and stipulate a lowered distillation temperature. By stipulating a lowered distillation temperature, the precision and bias statement may not be considered valid. Low temperature methods such as Test Method D7403 and Practice D7497 are options for obtaining residue for latex or polymer modified emulsified asphalts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of residue and oil distillate in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes their flow properties and affects their utility at 50°C (122°F) or at other temperatures. An emulsified asphalt sprayability and workability is directly related to their viscosity for many applications types. The material must be thin enough to be sprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsified asphalts the viscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at a temperature of 50°C (122°F) or another agreed-upon temperature. The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 RPM allow for an automated and consistent determination of an emulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a paddle rotational viscometer to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt with viscosities between 30 and 1500 mPa·s (centipoises) at 50°C (122°F). It is applicable to all emulsified asphalt described in Specifications D977 and D2397.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be considered the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalt because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixibility and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsions is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The intent of this practice is to ensure that a given mixing grade emulsified asphalt is stable enough and otherwise possesses the ability to mix with a reference stone for the prescribed time, and coat it uniformly and thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers those emulsified asphalts intended for use by mixing with aggregate. It is not applicable to rapid-setting types or diluted materials used for tack coats, priming, or mulch treatments.  
1.2 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The result of this test method indicates the ability of a slow setting emulsified asphalt to mix with a finely divided, high surface area material (high early strength, Type III, portland cement) without breaking the emulsified asphalt.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be a mixing test used to identify or classify a slow setting, SS or CSS, type of emulsified asphalt.
1.2 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes their flow properties and affects their utility at 50°C (122°F) or at other temperatures. An emulsified asphalt sprayability and workability is directly related to their viscosity for many applications types. The material must be thin enough to be sprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsified asphalts the viscosity will affect its workability and resulting film thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at a temperature of 50°C (122°F) or another agreed-upon temperature. The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 RPM allow for an automated and consistent determination of an emulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a paddle rotational viscometer to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt with viscosities between 30 and 1500 mPa·s (centipoises) at 50°C (122°F). It is applicable to all emulsified asphalt described in Specifications D977 and D2397.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be considered the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for determining, in a comparatively short time, the storage stability or settlement of an emulsified asphalt. It is a measure of the permanence of the dispersion as related to time, but it is not to be construed to have significance as a measure of other stability aspects involved in use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the ability of an emulsified asphalt to remain as a uniform dispersion during storage. It is applicable to emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Certain agencies, who desire to use, store, or transport emulsified asphalt under less than ideal weather conditions, may require that the product remain homogeneous (unbroken) after being subjected to temperatures of −18°C.
SCOPE
1.1 Emulsified asphalt is normally damaged by freezing temperatures, but specially formulated materials are expected to pass this practice.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Cationic emulsified asphalts are identified by the migration of the particles to a negatively charged electrode (cathode) by means of a direct current. Aggregates and sands used in conjunction with emulsified asphalts are often predominantly either negatively or positively charged. Emulsified asphalts should be selected to be compatible with the available aggregate or sand. This practice will aid in identifying a cationic type of emulsified asphalt as defined by Specification D 2397.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to identify cationic emulsified asphalts. Positively charged particles are classified as cationic. Emulsified asphalts that don’t register a positive charge may also be classified as cotionic slow-setting if they coat a specific type of negatively charged silica sand.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the amount of water present in the emulsified asphalt, as distinguished from either bitumen or petroleum solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices, given under the headings titled Composition, Consistency, Stability, and Examination of Residue, cover the examination of asphalt emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The test methods cover the following tests and practices:
TestSections Composition:  Water Content4-10  Residue and Oil Distillate by DistillationSee Test Method
D 6997  Residue by EvaporationSee Test Method
D 6934  Particle Charge of Cationic Emulsified AsphaltsSee Test Method
D 7402 Consistency:  Viscosity (Saybolt Furol)See Test Method
D 7496 Stability:  DemulsibilitySee Test Method
D 6936  SettlementSee Test Method
D 6930  Cement MixingSee Test Method
D 6935  Sieve TestSee Test Method
D 6933  Aggregate CoatingSee Practice
D 6998  Miscibility with WaterSee Test Method
D 6999  FreezingSee Practice
D 6929  Coating Ability and Water Resistance11-18  Storage Stability of Asphalt EmulsionSee Test Method
D 6930 Examination of Residue19-26 Identification Test for Rapid Setting Cationic Emulsified Asphalt 27-34 Identification of Cationic Slow Set EmulsionsSee Test Method
D 7402 Field Coating Test on Emulsified Asphalts35-40 Emulsified Asphalt/Job Aggregate Coating Test41-46 Density of Emulsified AsphaltSee Test Method
D 6937 Residue by Low-Temperature Vacuum DistillationSee Test Method
D 7403
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
4.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the water content of an emulsified asphalt by reflux distillation using a water trap.  
11.1 This test method is intended to aid in the identification of asphalt emulsions suitable for mixing with coarse graded calcareous aggregates. It can be applied to other aggregates. (See Note 2).  
19.1 Tests for specific gravity, ash content, solubility in trichloroethylene, penetration, ductility and float test are suggested for examination of the emulsified asphalt residue obtained by distillation or evaporation (see Test Method D 6934 and Test Method D 6997).  
27.1 This practice covers a procedure for identifying rapid-setting cationic emulsified asphalts. Their inability to coat a specific silica sand distinguishes them from medium and slow setting cationic grades.  
35.1 This is a quick field test method to ascertain the compatibility of an emulsified asphalt with the job aggregate.  
41.1 This practice may be used to identify the adequacy of slow setting grade of emulsified asphalt to mix with and coat a dense and fine-graded job aggregate. It is a laboratory practice of screening emulsified asphalt candidates for mixing with and coating job aggregates and is not to be construed as a mix design test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts at a temperature of 135°C (275°F) with a 60 minute distillation test using current distillation apparatus. This method is suitable to obtain residues for service evaluation, quality control, and research. This distillation method is not intended to produce residues equivalent to the Test Method D 6997 260°C (500°F) distillation procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of residue in emulsified asphalts composed principally of a semisolid or liquid asphaltic base, water, and an emulsifying agent. The emulsified asphalts will generally contain polymeric materials. It is especially suitable for emulsified asphalt residue properties that may be altered at the high temperature 260°C (500°F) distillation. Since there is currently not a precision statement for this procedure, it is recommended to the user that this procedure not be used for buy/sell purposes at the present time.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses in inch-pound units are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to identify or classify an emulsified asphalt as an RS or MS by measuring the amount of available asphalt that is broken from the emulsified asphalt by utilizing specified amounts and concentrations of calcium chloride solution for anionic emulsified asphalts and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate for cationic emulsified asphalts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, applicable to both anionic and cationic emulsified asphalts of the RS and MS type, measures the chemical breaking of the emulsified asphalt.
1.2 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalt because it is a property which affects their utility. When used in application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsions, the viscosity may affect mixibility and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsions is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D 977 and D 2397.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedure described in this practice is used to obtain a residue from an emulsified asphalt that may be used for further testing in devices such as a dynamic shear rheometer. The lower evaporative temperatures of this procedure provide conditions that are very close to that of application techniques for these materials. This practice could be used in place of recovery techniques such as those of D 6934 and D 6997, when the temperatures used in those standards would negatively affect the residue.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method for recovering the residue from emulsified asphalts such as those specified in D 977 and D 2397 using a low temperature evaporative technique that is similar to pavement conditions. The recovered residue can be used for further testing as required.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a controlled laboratory test for the determination of quantitative volumes of emulsified asphalt for use in bills of lading, invoicing, and application rates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of density of emulsified asphalt used in highway construction. This unit is computed by determining the mass of an emulsified asphalt contained in a standard measure of known volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.