ASTM E2914/E2914M-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2914/E2914M − 19 E2914/E2914M − 21
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Extraction of Lead from Composited Wipe
Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2914/E2914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the extraction of lead (Pb) using ultrasonication, heat and nitric acid from a composited sample of up to
four individual wipe samples of settled dust collected from equally-sized areas in the same space.
1.2 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the practice.
1.3 This practice should be used by analysts experienced in digestion techniques such as hot blocks. Like all procedures used in
an analytical laboratory, this practice needs to be validated for use and shown to produce acceptable results before being applied
to client samples.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D6966 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Metals
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and
Analysis,Analysis of Lead,Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019Sept. 1, 2021. Published February 2019October 2021. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
E2914–14. DOI: 10.1520/E2914_E2914M–19. – 19. DOI: 10.1520/E2914_E2914M-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2914/E2914M − 21
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques
(Withdrawn 2021)
E1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination
E1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust, Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of Lead
E2051 Practice for the Determination of Lead in Paint, Settled Dust, Soil and Air Particulate by Field-Portable Electroanalysis
(Withdrawn 2010)
E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities
E2271/E2271M Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Multifamily Dwellings
E3074/E3074M Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Single Family Dwellings,
in Individual Units of Multifamily Dwellings, and in Other Child-Occupied Facilities
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3585 Borosilicate Glassglass 3.3 – Properties – Third Editionedition
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General Requirementsrequirements for the Competencecompetence of Testingtesting and Calibration
Laboratoriescalibration laboratories
2.3 Other Document:
40 CFR Part 745 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms not appearing here, refer to Terminology D1129, Specification D1193, and Terminology E1605.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 composited sample, n—the single sample resulting from the combination of individual samples collected from different
sections of the same area.
3.2.2 validation, n—provision of objective evidence that a given item fulfills specified requirements, where the specified
requirements are adequate for an intended use.
ISOISO/IEC 17025:2017
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The laboratory is responsible for validating (1-4) non-standard methods, laboratory-designed/developed methods, standard
methods used outside their intended scope, and amplifications and modifications of standard methods to confirm that the methods
are fit for the intended use. The validation shall be as extensive as is necessary to meet the needs of the given application or field
of application. The laboratory shall record the results obtained, the procedure used for the validation, and a statement as to whether
the method is fit for the intended use.
3.2.2.2 Discussion—
It is the responsibility of the laboratory to carry out its testing activities in such a way as to satisfy the needs of the client, the
regulatory authorities, and organizations providing recognition.
3.2.3 The laboratory is responsible for validating (1-4) non-standard methods, laboratory-designed/developed methods, standard
methods used outside their intended scope, and amplifications and modifications of standard methods to confirm that the methods
are fit for the intended use. The validation shall be as extensive as is necessary to meet the needs of the given application or field
of application. The laboratory shall record the results obtained, the procedure used for the validation, and a statement as to whether
the method is fit for the intended use.
NOTE 1—It is the responsibility of the laboratory to carry out its testing activities in such a way as to satisfy the needs of the client, the regulatory
authorities, and organizations providing recognition.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Up to four wipes, meeting the requirements of Specification E1792, are used according to Practices D6966 or E1728 to collect
settled dust from equally-sized areas in the same space and composited as one sample as in Practices E2271/E2271M and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
E2914/E2914M − 21
E3074/E3074M. This composited sample is then extracted using ultrasonication, heat and nitric acid. The resulting extract solution
is analyzed according to Test Method E1613 or Practice E2051.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples collected from equally-sized areas in the same
space combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content.
5.2 This practice assumes use of wipes that meet Specification E1792 and should not be used unless the wipes meet Specification
E1792.
5.3 This practice is capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within paint dust.
5.4 This practice may not be capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within silica or silicate matrices, or
within matrices not soluble in nitric acid.
5.5 Adjustment of the nitric acid concentration or acid strength, or both, of the final extract solution may be necessary for
compatibility with the instrumental analysis method to be used for lead quantification.
5.6 This sample preparation practice has not been validated for use and must be validated by the user prior to using the practice
for client samples.
NOTE 1—Each combination of wipes (two wipes, three wipes, and four wipes) constitutes a different matrix and must be separately validated.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Borosilicate Glass (conforming to ISO 3585) or Plastic Labware:
6.1.1 Bottles, 125 mL, polypropylene or equivalent, with screw caps, or equivalent,
6.1.2 Graduated Cylinders, 100 mL, and,
6.1.3 Stirring Rods, sized to reach the bottom of the bottles.
6.2 Tweezers, non-metallic tweezers sized to remove wipes from sample shipping containers.
6.3 Ultrasonic Bath, 53 watts or greater output, 1 L or greater capacity, capable of heating to at least 60 °C.
6.4 Thermometer, calibrated, non-mercury thermometer that covers the range from 0 °C to at least 110 °C.
6.5 Disposable Plastic Gloves, impermeable and powder free, to avoid the possibility of contamination, and to protect from
contact with toxic and corrosive substances.
6.6 Pencil, with graphite tip.
6.7 Aluminum Foil.
6.8 Surfactant, liquid.
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available (5). Other grades may be used provided that it can be demonstrated that they are of sufficiently
high purity to permit their use without decreasing the accuracy of the determinations.
E2914/E2914M − 21
7.2 Reagent Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference to water shall be understood to mean Type II reagent water conforming
to Specification D1193.
7.3 Nitric Acid:
7.3.1 Concentrated, of suitable purity for atomic spectrometric analysis, such as spectroscopic grade.
E2914/E2914M − 21
NOTE 2—Suitable purity means having
...