ASTM D5562-95(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2018
- Technical Committee
- D31 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- D31.08 - Fats and Oils
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-1995
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-1995
Overview
ASTM D5562-95(2018) is the internationally recognized standard test method for the determination of acidity, expressed as free fatty acids or acid number, in sulfonated or sulfated oils containing ammonium or triethanolamine soaps. Developed by ASTM Committee D31 on Leather, this method plays a vital role in quality assurance processes for manufacturers and laboratories working with specialty oils, particularly within the leather and chemical industries.
Employing calculations based on total alkalinity and the quantification of free and alkali-combined fatty acids, this standard ensures consistent and accurate assessment of acidity levels in various oil-based products. The method is aligned with internationally recognized principles as established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, supporting global harmonization in testing and reporting.
Key Topics
- Acidity as Free Fatty Acids: Measurement of acidity in oil samples is essential for quality control. The standard specifies precise calculation methods for determining the acid number in the presence of soap additives.
- Impact of Ammonium and Triethanolamine Soaps: These common additives can interfere with standard acidity tests. ASTM D5562 details adjustments needed to accurately reflect the total acidity when these substances are present.
- Quality Assurance in Oil Processing: By providing a repeatable and internationally accepted procedure, this standard ensures manufacturers can uphold strict product quality specifications.
- Safety and Compliance: The standard requires users to establish and follow appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to be mindful of regulatory limitations relevant to their processes.
- Apparatus and Reagents: The method specifies standard laboratory equipment-such as borosilicate glass flasks and air condensers-and chemical reagents required for the titration process.
Applications
ASTM D5562-95(2018) is applicable across multiple sectors where control of oil acidity is relevant:
- Leather Manufacturing: Vital for tanneries and chemical suppliers, this test method supports the verification of sulfonated and sulfated oil quality prior to use in leather processing.
- Industrial Oil Production: Ensures that specialty oils meet required acidity specifications, preventing potential downstream issues in industrial or chemical applications.
- Quality Control Laboratories: Provides an essential protocol for routine analysis, process validation, or troubleshooting within research and quality assurance environments.
- Regulatory Compliance: Laboratories and producers implementing this standard benefit from alignment with global best practices and ease in demonstrating compliance during audits or export processes.
Related Standards
Organizations and laboratories may reference related ASTM and international standards when implementing ASTM D5562-95(2018):
- ASTM D5350 - Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A.
- International guidelines for the development of standards and trade, as outlined by the WTO TBT Committee.
- Other ASTM standards governing the analysis of fats, oils, and chemical specialties.
Practical Value
Adopting ASTM D5562-95(2018) ensures the reliable determination of acidity in sulfonated and sulfated oils, even in complex formulations containing ammonium or triethanolamine soaps. By following this standard, manufacturers and labs can maintain rigorous quality assurance, meet client and regulatory expectations, and streamline their chemical testing procedures for specialty oils used in leather and related industries.
Keywords: ASTM D5562, acid number, free fatty acids, sulfonated oils, sulfated oils, ammonium soaps, triethanolamine soaps, quality assurance, oil acidity testing, international standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5562-95(2018) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5562-95(2018) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.080.40 - Organic acids. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5562-95(2018) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D5562-95(2011), ASTM D5350-95(2019), ASTM D5350-95(2012), ASTM D5350-95(2006), ASTM D5350-95(2001), ASTM D5350-95. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5562-95(2018) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5562 − 95 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid
Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine
Soaps
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as 4.1 The apparatus required consists of a glass flask provided
free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or trietha- with a glass stopper and an air condenser. The connection
nolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or between the flask and the condenser shall be a ground joint.
sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and Perforated glass beads shall be used to prevent bumping.
free-and-alkali combined fatty acids. 4.1.1 Flask—An Erlenmeyer flask (Fig. 1) made of a boro-
silicate glass, having a capacity of approximately 300 mL and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
provided with a glass stopper.
standard.
4.1.2 Condenser, consisting of a glass tube, 915 mm (36 in.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in length and 8 mm ( ⁄16 in.) in outside diameter.The lower end
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the tube shall be flared and ground to fit the mouth of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Erlenmeyer flask.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.3 Glass Beads—Perforated glass beads, made of chemi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cally resistant glass, approximately 4 mm ( ⁄32 in.) in diameter.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Before using, the glass beads shall be boiled thoroughly in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
several portions of water or until the wash water reacts neutral
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to a methyl orange indicator.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Reagents
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Ethyl Ether.
5.2 MethylOrangeIndicatorSolution(1g/L)—Dissolve 0.1
2. Referenced Documents
g of methyl orange in 100 mL of water.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 Sodium Chloride (NaCl), solid.
D5350 Test Method for Determination of Organically Com-
bined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
5.4 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (1 N)—
Accurately prepare and standardize a 1 N sodium hydroxide
3. Significance and Use
(NaOH) solution. Express the strength or concentration of the
solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1 mL of 1 N NaOH solution
3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination
is equivalent to 56.1 mg of KOH.
of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the
purpose of quality assurance.
5.5 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (0.5 N)—
Accurately prepare and standardize a 0.5 N NaOH solution.
Express the strength of the solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
mLof 0.5 N NaOH solution is equivalent to 28.05 mg of KOH.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.08 on Fats and Oils. This test
5.6 SulfuricAcid,Standard(0.5N)—Accuratelyprepareand
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Method H 52-1956).
standardize a 0.5N sulfuric acid (H SO ) solution. Express the
2 4
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
strength of the solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1 mL of 0.5 N
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5562 – 95(20
...
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