88/609/EEC - Limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants
Council Directive 88/609/EEC addresses the limitation of emissions from large combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more. It targets pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust to reduce air pollution and protect the environment. Member States are required to create programs by July 1990 to progressively reduce emissions from existing plants, adhering to specified emission ceilings and reduction schedules. For new combustion plants, strict emission limit values must be imposed through licensing, incorporating the best available technology without excessive costs. The Directive allows some derogations, particularly for plants burning indigenous fuels or facing specific technical challenges, with temporary exceptions granted to Spain for capacity expansion needs. It mandates monitoring and reporting of emissions, including provisions for managing malfunctions and breakdowns of pollution control equipment. Additionally, it stipulates requirements for stacking and discharge of waste gases, consultation on projects with transboundary environmental impacts, and outlines procedures for multi-fuel firing units. The Directive envisages periodic review of emission limits reflecting technological progress and evolving environmental standards.
Purpose
Council Directive 88/609/EEC, adopted on 24 November 1988, aims to limit emissions of specific pollutants into the air from large combustion plants within the European Community. It addresses the environmental impact of air pollution by targeting the reduction and control of sulphur dioxide (SO₂), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and dust emissions. The Directive lays down a framework for reducing pollutants from combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more, thereby protecting human health and the environment while considering economic and technical constraints faced by Member States.
Key Obligations
Emission Limit Values (ELVs):
Member States are required to ensure that emission limit values for SO₂, NOx, and dust are established by licenses for new large combustion plants according to annexes specified in the Directive. These values are based on the best available technology without excessive cost and are subject to review and revision.Emission Reduction Programmes (Existing Plants):
By 1 July 1990, Member States must develop and implement programmes to progressively reduce total annual SO₂ and NOx emissions from existing plants, aiming to meet emission ceilings and percentage reductions specified in the Directive’s annexes.Monitoring and Reporting:
Continuous monitoring of emissions, including SO₂, NOx, dust, and oxygen levels, must be conducted in conformity with Annex IX. Member States must report implementation progress and emission levels to the Commission.Licensing Requirements:
Construction or operation licenses of new plants must contain conditions requiring compliance with ELVs. Licenses should also include procedures for breakdowns or malfunctions of pollution abatement equipment, with obligations to notify authorities and take remedial action promptly.Derogations and Special Cases:
Specific derogations are allowed, e.g., for Spanish plants due to particular energy needs, plants burning indigenous lignite, and new plants operating fewer than 2,200 hours per year. Member States can also apply stricter measures than those stated in the Directive.Multi-Fuel Firing Units:
For plants using multiple fuels simultaneously or alternately, emission limit values are to be calculated based on weighted averages or the determinative fuel with the highest emission values.Stack Emissions Control:
Emissions must be discharged through controlled stacks designed to protect health and the environment. The relevant authority determines appropriate stack heights.Cross-Border Environmental Impacts:
In cases where combustion plants may have significant environmental effects in another Member State, appropriate information and consultation must take place under Directive 85/337/EEC on environmental impact assessment.
Affected Products and Actors
Combustion Plants:
The Directive applies to all combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more designed primarily for energy production, regardless of the type of fuel-solid, liquid, or gaseous.Exclusions:
The Directive excludes plants using combustion products directly in manufacturing processes (e.g., reheating furnaces, chemical reactors), diesel, petrol and gas engines, gas turbines, and other specified industrial installations.Operators:
Defined as any natural or legal person operating the combustion plant or having decisive economic power over it, operators bear responsibility for compliance with emission limits, monitoring, and corrective measures.
Implementation Timeline
By 1 July 1990:
Member States must prepare and start implementing emission reduction programmes for existing plants.By 1 July 1995:
The Commission must propose revisions to emission limit values for new plants reflecting technological and environmental progress.1994:
The Commission is to report to the Council on the progress of emission reductions from existing plants, proposing adjustments if necessary.Up to 31 December 1999:
Temporary derogations apply to selected new plants in Spain subject to defined limits and capacity caps.Ongoing Monitoring and Reporting:
Member States continuously monitor emissions and report to the Commission, which is tasked with reviewing and updating the Directive's requirements as needed.
This Directive applies to combustion plants with a rated thermal input of 50 MW or more, regardless of the type of fuel used (solid, liquid, or gaseous). It covers large combustion plants designed for energy production but excludes those that use the combustion products directly in manufacturing processes, such as reheating or heat treatment furnaces, post-combustion plants, catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration facilities, hydrogen sulphide conversion facilities, chemical reactors, coke battery furnaces, and cowpers. It also excludes plants powered by diesel, petrol, gas engines, or gas turbines. The Directive applies to new and existing plants, with specific provisions for emission limits and reduction programmes targeting sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust emissions to reduce air pollution from these large energy-producing combustion plants within the European Community.
Die Richtlinie 88/609/EWG beschränkt Schadstoffemissionen von Großfeuerungsanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung ab 50 MW, um Luftverunreinigungen zu reduzieren. Sie legt Emissionsgrenzwerte für Schwefeldioxid, Stickoxide und Staub bei Neuanlagen fest und fordert Programme zur schrittweisen Senkung der Gesamtemissionen bestehender Anlagen. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen geeignete Maßnahmen und Genehmigungen zur Einhaltung dieser Grenzwerte erlassen. Technische und wirtschaftliche Zwänge werden bei der Festlegung der Grenzwerte berücksichtigt, und es sind Ausnahmen unter bestimmten Bedingungen zulässig, etwa für Spanien oder bei Einsatz einheimischer Braunkohle. Die Richtlinie schreibt auch vor, dass Betreiber bei Betriebsstörungen sofort Maßnahmen ergreifen müssen, und regelt den Umgang mit Mehrstofffeuerungen. Die Kommission überwacht die Umsetzung, kann Anpassungen an Emissionsgrenzwerten vorschlagen und erhält Berichte der Mitgliedstaaten. Ziel ist eine Verringerung der Umweltbelastung durch Luftschadstoffe, insbesondere Schwefeldioxid und Stickoxide, im Einklang mit dem Stand der Technik und wirtschaftlicher Zumutbarkeit.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 88/609/EWG des Rates vom 24. November 1988 zielt darauf ab, die Schadstoffemissionen von Großfeuerungsanlagen - insbesondere Schwefeldioxid (SO₂), Stickoxide (NOₓ) und Staub - in die Luft zu begrenzen. Dies dient dem Schutz der Umwelt vor Luftverunreinigung und folgt den Umweltschutz-Aktionsprogrammen der Europäischen Gemeinschaften von 1973 bis 1987. Die Richtlinie ergänzt bestehende Regelungen der Richtlinie 84/360/EWG zur Luftverunreinigung durch Industrieanlagen und trägt zur Umsetzung des Übereinkommens über weiträumige grenzüberschreitende Luftverunreinigung bei.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
Programme zur Emissionsminderung für bestehende Anlagen: Mitgliedstaaten müssen bis spätestens 1. Juli 1990 Programme zur schrittweisen Verringerung der jährlichen Gesamtemissionen aus bestehenden Großfeuerungsanlagen erstellen und durchführen. Diese Programme müssen terminliche Vorgaben enthalten, um definierte Höchstmengen für SO₂ und NOₓ bis zu festgelegten Terminen einzuhalten.
Emissionsgrenzwerte für Neuanlagen: Für Neuanlagen sind verbindliche Emissionsgrenzwerte für SO₂, NOₓ und Staub festzulegen, die in den Anhängen der Richtlinie definiert sind. Die Genehmigung für die Errichtung oder den Betrieb einer Neuanlage darf nur unter der Bedingung erfolgen, dass diese Grenzwerte eingehalten werden.
Technische Maßnahmen: Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen sicherstellen, dass bei der Erteilung von Genehmigungen für Neuanlagen geeignete technische Vorschriften zur Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte erlassen werden. Bei Überschreitung der Grenzwerte sind geeignete Maßnahmen zur schnellstmöglichen Einhaltung vorzuschreiben.
Überwachung und Berichterstattung: Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, die jährlichen Gesamtemissionen zu erfassen und der Kommission zu melden. Die Kommission erstellt auf Basis der Länderberichte einen Umsetzungsbericht inklusive Vorschlägen zur Anpassung der Grenzwerte.
Ausnahmen und Übergangsregelungen: Insbesondere Spanien wurden Übergangsregelungen eingeräumt, um den besonderen Bedarf an neuer Energieerzeugungskapazität zu berücksichtigen. Es sind zudem Ausnahmeregelungen für den Betrieb mit einheimischer Braunkohle und für kurzfristige Betriebsstörungen vorgesehen, sofern diese angemessen gemeldet werden.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
Großfeuerungsanlagen: Die Richtlinie gilt für Feuerungsanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von mindestens 50 MW, unabhängig vom Brennstofftyp (fest, flüssig oder gasförmig).
Ausgenommen sind: Anlagen, die Verbrennungsprodukte direkt für Herstellungsverfahren verwenden, Wärmöfen, Nachverbrennungsanlagen, Katalysator-Regenerationsanlagen, Koksöfen, Winderhitzer sowie Anlagen, die von Dieselmotoren, Benzinmotoren, Gasturbinen angetrieben werden.
Betreiber: Jede natürliche oder juristische Person, die eine Feuerungsanlage betreibt oder die wirtschaftliche Verfügungsgewalt darüber besitzt.
Brennstoffe: Alle brennbaren festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Stoffe, mit Ausnahme von Hausmüll und gefährlichen Abfällen.
Umsetzungstermine
Programme zur Emissionsreduktion für bestehende Anlagen: Fertigstellung und Beginn der Umsetzung bis 1. Juli 1990.
Neuanlagen: Genehmigungen für Neuanlagen sind an die Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte zu knüpfen; erste Errichtungsgenehmigungen ab dem 1. Juli 1987 sind maßgeblich.
Bericht der Kommission: Erstellung eines Berichts über die Umsetzung der Emissionsreduktion bis 1994 sowie Vorschläge für Überarbeitungen der Grenzwerte.
Weiterentwicklung der Grenzwerte: Die Kommission wird vor dem 1. Juli 1995 Vorschläge für die Anpassung der Emissionsgrenzwerte auf Basis technischer Entwicklung und Umwelterfordernisse unterbreiten.
Sonderregelungen: Spanien darf bis zum 31. Dezember 1999 unter bestimmten Bedingungen neue Großkraftwerke genehmigen, die bis Ende 2005 in Betrieb gehen.
Diese Richtlinie stellt einen wichtigen Schritt im gemeinschaftlichen Vorgehen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität und zum Schutz der Umwelt durch die Begrenzung von Schadstoffemissionen aus Großfeuerungsanlagen dar.
Die Richtlinie 88/609/EWG gilt für Feuerungsanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von 50 MW oder mehr, unabhängig vom Brennstofftyp (fest, flüssig oder gasförmig). Sie betrifft insbesondere Großfeuerungsanlagen zur Energieerzeugung, ausgenommen solche, die Verbrennungsprodukte unmittelbar in Herstellungsverfahren verwenden. Von der Richtlinie ausgenommen sind unter anderem Anlagen zur direkten Erwärmung, Trocknung oder Behandlung von Materialien, Nachverbrennungsanlagen, Einrichtungen zur Katalysatorregeneration, chemische Reaktoren, Koksöfen sowie von Diesel-, Benzin- oder Gasmotoren und Gasturbinen angetriebene Anlagen. Wird eine Kombination mehrerer Neuanlagen so betrieben, dass ihre Abgase technisch und wirtschaftlich über einen gemeinsamen Schornstein abgeführt werden können, gelten diese als eine Einheit. Die Vorschriften beziehen sich auf Emissionsgrenzwerte und Maßnahmen zur Begrenzung von Schadstoffemissionen wie Schwefeldioxid, Stickoxide und Staub aus diesen Anlagen.
La directive 88/609/CEE vise à limiter les émissions dans l’atmosphère de certains polluants provenant des grandes installations de combustion d’une puissance thermique nominale égale ou supérieure à 50 mégawatts. Elle impose aux États membres d’établir avant le 1er juillet 1990 des programmes de réduction progressive des émissions annuelles totales de dioxyde de soufre, d’oxydes d’azote et de poussières, définissant des objectifs et des échéances spécifiques. Les nouvelles installations doivent respecter des valeurs limites d’émission strictes basées sur la meilleure technologie disponible, tandis que des mesures transitoires sont prévues pour les installations existantes. La directive fixe également des règles spécifiques pour les installations utilisant des combustibles solides, notamment le lignite, et prévoit des possibilités de dérogations temporaires en cas de difficultés techniques ou économiques majeures. Elle impose aux autorités compétentes de contrôler et d’assurer le respect continu des normes, incluant des procédures en cas de panne ou de mauvais fonctionnement des dispositifs de réduction des émissions. Cette directive contribue ainsi à la protection de l’environnement en réduisant la pollution atmosphérique liée à la combustion industrielle dans l’Union européenne.
Objet
La directive 88/609/CEE du Conseil, adoptée le 24 novembre 1988, vise à limiter les émissions de certains polluants atmosphériques provenant des grandes installations de combustion dans l’Union européenne. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre des programmes d’action communautaires en matière d’environnement et de la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance. Son objectif est de réduire de manière progressive et efficace les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO₂), d’oxydes d’azote (NOx) et de poussières en provenance de grandes installations de combustion, qu’elles soient nouvelles ou existantes.
Obligations principales
Réduction des émissions des installations existantes
- Les États membres doivent adopter des programmes nationaux appropriés au plus tard le 1er juillet 1990 visant à réduire progressivement les émissions annuelles totales des installations existantes.
- Ces programmes doivent respecter les plafonds d’émissions et les taux de réduction fixés aux annexes de la directive, et inclure un échéancier précis.
- Un mécanisme de rapportage à la Commission européenne est prévu, avec évaluation en 1994 des progrès accomplis.
Valeurs limites pour les installations nouvelles
- Toute nouvelle installation de combustion doit obtenir une autorisation de construction ou d’exploitation comportant des conditions relatives au respect des valeurs limites d’émission pour le SO₂, les NOx et les poussières, définies dans les annexes III à VII.
- Ces valeurs limites sont fondées sur la meilleure technologie disponible à coût raisonnable et seront révisées en fonction des progrès techniques.
- Les États membres peuvent adopter des standards plus stricts que ceux fixés par la directive.
Dérogations et cas particuliers
- Certaines dérogations sont prévues :
- Installations nouvelles ≥ 400 MWth utilisées moins de 2200 heures/an peuvent bénéficier d’une valeur limite plus élevée pour le SO₂ (800 mg/Nm³).
- Installations brûlant des combustibles solides nationaux peuvent dépasser les limites pour le SO₂ si l’application stricte implique des coûts excessifs, à condition d’atteindre un taux minimal de désulfuration.
- L’Espagne bénéficie d’une dérogation temporaire jusqu’au 31 décembre 1999 pour certaines centrales électriques.
- Les installations brûlant du lignite national peuvent, en cas de difficulté majeure malgré la meilleure technologie, obtenir des valeurs limites plus souples.
Mesures de contrôle et incidents
- Les autorisations doivent prévoir des procédures en cas de panne ou de dysfonctionnement des dispositifs de réduction d’émission.
- Les exploitants doivent immédiatement informer l’autorité compétente de toute défaillance et prendre des mesures correctives rapides.
- La possibilité d’autoriser des suspensions temporaires de respect des valeurs limites en cas de pénurie grave de combustible à faible teneur en soufre ou d’interruption d’approvisionnement en gaz est prévue.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Installations concernées
- La directive s’applique aux installations de combustion dont la puissance thermique nominale est ≥ 50 MW, quel que soit le combustible (solide, liquide ou gazeux).
- Sont exclues :
- Les installations utilisant la chaleur de combustion directement dans des procédés (fours de réchauffage, fours pour traitement thermique).
- Les dispositifs de postcombustion, les réacteurs chimiques, les fours à coke, les cowpers des hauts fourneaux.
- Les groupes électrogènes et turbines à combustion interne (Diesel, essence, gaz).
Exploitants
- Toute personne physique ou morale exploitant ou ayant un pouvoir économique sur l'installation de combustion.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
- 1er juillet 1987 : date charnière pour la qualification des installations nouvelles (autorisation de construction ou d’exploitation).
- 1er juillet 1990 : date limite pour l’établissement des programmes nationaux de réduction des émissions pour les installations existantes.
- 31 décembre 1999 : fin des dérogations temporaires accordées notamment à l’Espagne.
- 1er juillet 1995 : date butoir pour une révision des valeurs limites d’émission des installations nouvelles envisagée par la Commission européenne.
- 1994 : la Commission doit faire rapport au Conseil sur l’application des programmes de réduction et proposer, si nécessaire, des révisions des objectifs.
Cette directive constitue une mesure clé dans la protection de la qualité de l’air en Europe, établissant un cadre harmonisé pour la limitation des émissions polluantes liées aux grandes installations de combustion, encourageant la technologie propre et tenant compte des particularités économiques et énergétiques des États membres.
La directive 88/609/CEE s’applique aux grandes installations de combustion d’une puissance thermique nominale égale ou supérieure à 50 mégawatts, quel que soit le type de combustible utilisé (solide, liquide ou gazeux). Elle concerne spécifiquement les installations destinées à la production d’énergie, à l'exception de celles utilisant directement les produits de combustion dans des procédés de fabrication. Sont exclues les installations de réchauffement direct, séchage ou traitement des matériaux, les dispositifs de postcombustion, les dispositifs de régénération des catalyseurs, les fours à coke, les cowpers des hauts fourneaux, ainsi que les installations entraînées par moteurs Diesel, à essence ou turbomachines à gaz. Si plusieurs installations nouvelles peuvent rejeter leurs gaz par une cheminée commune, elles sont considérées comme une unité unique. La directive vise à limiter les émissions atmosphériques de polluants tels que le dioxyde de soufre, les oxydes d’azote et les poussières, afin de réduire la pollution atmosphérique provenant de ces grandes installations de combustion.
General Information
This document covers all life cycle stages, from cradle to grave, namely product stage, construction process stage, use stage and end-of-life stage of glass products (see Clause 4), used in buildings.
While covering all life cycle stages, this PCR primarily focuses on the product stage, in particular the manufacturing of flat glass and the consequent processing into flat glass products (as listed in point 4.), from cradle to gate. It covers raw materials and energy supply, transport, flat glass manufacturing, flat glass processing, packaging and storage.
All requirements and recommendations in this PCR for the elaboration of the Life Cycle Inventory may be applicable to flat glass used in other applications.
This PCR includes the rules to produce EPD that contains more than one thickness or configuration of the same product.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document covers the product standard of insulating glass units (IGU) for use in buildings.
Units for which the intended use is only artistic and therefore no essential characteristics are required, are not subject to CE marking and are not part of this standard.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document covers all life cycle stages, from cradle to grave, namely product stage, construction process stage, use stage and end-of-life stage of glass products (see Clause 4), used in buildings.
While covering all life cycle stages, this PCR primarily focuses on the product stage, in particular the manufacturing of flat glass and the consequent processing into flat glass products (as listed in point 4.), from cradle to gate. It covers raw materials and energy supply, transport, flat glass manufacturing, flat glass processing, packaging and storage.
All requirements and recommendations in this PCR for the elaboration of the Life Cycle Inventory may be applicable to flat glass used in other applications.
This PCR includes the rules to produce EPD that contains more than one thickness or configuration of the same product.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of coated glass for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the test method for the determination of gas leakage rate and specifies the requirements for limit values for gas leakage rate and gas concentration for gas filled insulating glass units made
a) in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018 and manufactured to EN 1279 6:2018, or
b) for the purpose to demonstrate that components (e.g. edge seals or spacers) will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document (all parts) covers the requirements for insulating glass units. The main intended uses of the insulating glass units are installations in windows, doors, curtain walling, bonded glazing for doors, windows and curtain walling, roofs and partitions.
The achievement of the requirements of this standard indicates that insulating glass units fulfil the needs for intended use and ensures by means of the evaluation of conformity to this standard that, visual, energetic, acoustic, safety parameters do not change significantly over time.
In cases where there is no protection against direct ultraviolet radiation or permanent shear load on the edge seal, as in bonded glazing for doors, windows and curtain walling systems, it is essential to follow additional European Technical Specifications (see EN 15434, EN 13022 1 and prEN 16759).
Insulating glass units that are intended for artistic purposes (e.g. lead glass or fused glass) are excluded from the scope of this standard.
Vacuum insulating glass is not covered by this standard (see ISO DIS 19916 1).
Glass/plastics composites are under the scope as long as the surface of contact with sealants is a glass component.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
This European Standard gives definitions for insulating glass units and covers the rules for the system description, the optical and visual quality and the dimensional tolerances thereof and describes the substitution rules based on an existing system description.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the routine factory production control, the periodic testing and inspection and test methods to verify that an insulating glass unit (IGU) conforms to the system description.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the test method for the determination of moisture penetration index and specifies the requirements for limit values for insulating glass units made
a) in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018 and manufactured to EN 1279 6:2018; or
b) for the purpose to demonstrate that components (e.g. edge seals or spacers) will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and describes the test methods for edge seal components and inserts. This includes the identification, the determination of physical attributes and the evaluation of characteristics for use in substitution rules in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018.
For the purpose to demonstrate that edge seal components will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6, EN 1279 2:2018 and EN 1279 3:2018 also apply.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the assessment and verification of constancy of performance and the factory production control of basic alumino silicate glass products for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of coated glass for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes the test method for the determination of gas leakage rate and specifies the requirements for limit values for gas leakage rate and gas concentration for gas filled insulating glass units made
a) in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018 and manufactured to EN 1279 6:2018, or
b) for the purpose to demonstrate that components (e.g. edge seals or spacers) will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document (all parts) covers the requirements for insulating glass units. The main intended uses of the insulating glass units are installations in windows, doors, curtain walling, bonded glazing for doors, windows and curtain walling, roofs and partitions.
The achievement of the requirements of this standard indicates that insulating glass units fulfil the needs for intended use and ensures by means of the evaluation of conformity to this standard that, visual, energetic, acoustic, safety parameters do not change significantly over time.
In cases where there is no protection against direct ultraviolet radiation or permanent shear load on the edge seal, as in bonded glazing for doors, windows and curtain walling systems, it is essential to follow additional European Technical Specifications (see EN 15434, EN 13022 1 and prEN 16759).
Insulating glass units that are intended for artistic purposes (e.g. lead glass or fused glass) are excluded from the scope of this standard.
Vacuum insulating glass is not covered by this standard (see ISO DIS 19916 1).
Glass/plastics composites are under the scope as long as the surface of contact with sealants is a glass component.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
This European Standard gives definitions for insulating glass units and covers the rules for the system description, the optical and visual quality and the dimensional tolerances thereof and describes the substitution rules based on an existing system description.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the routine factory production control, the periodic testing and inspection and test methods to verify that an insulating glass unit (IGU) conforms to the system description.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document covers the product standard of insulating glass units (IGU) for use in buildings.
Units for which the intended use is only artistic and therefore no essential characteristics are required, are not subject to CE marking and are not part of this standard.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the test method for the determination of moisture penetration index and specifies the requirements for limit values for insulating glass units made
a) in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018 and manufactured to EN 1279 6:2018; or
b) for the purpose to demonstrate that components (e.g. edge seals or spacers) will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and describes the test methods for edge seal components and inserts. This includes the identification, the determination of physical attributes and the evaluation of characteristics for use in substitution rules in accordance with EN 1279 1:2018.
For the purpose to demonstrate that edge seal components will allow the insulating glass unit to conform to the requirements given in EN 1279 1:2018, Clause 6, EN 1279 2:2018 and EN 1279 3:2018 also apply.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical, visual and edge faults) and durability tests for painted glass for internal use in building.
This standard applies to testing of paints that can be used to produce painted glass. The test of durability are undertaken on soda lime silicate glass as being a representative substrate.
Painted glass, that conforms to this standard, may have substrate as follows: basic glass, special basic glass, chemically strengthened basic glass, thermally treated basic and special basic glass, laminated glass or laminated safety glass.
The painted glass may be translucent, transparent or opaque and supplied in stock/standard sizes and as-cut finished sizes.
NOTE 1 Artistic products are excluded from the scope of this standard.
For painted glass used in aggressive and/or constantly high humidity atmospheres, e.g. horse riding halls, swimming pools, medical baths, saunas, etc. this standard is not applicable.
NOTE 2 Bathrooms and kitchens are not considered as constantly high humidity atmospheres.
This standard does not give requirements for framing, fixing or other support systems.
NOTE 3 Useful advice on these items is contained in the informative annex C.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the assessment and verification of constancy of performance and the factory production control of basic alumino silicate glass products for use in buildings.
NOTE For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical, visual and edge faults) and durability tests for painted glass for internal use in building.
This standard applies to testing of paints that can be used to produce painted glass. The test of durability are undertaken on soda lime silicate glass as being a representative substrate.
Painted glass, that conforms to this standard, may have substrate as follows: basic glass, special basic glass, chemically strengthened basic glass, thermally treated basic and special basic glass, laminated glass or laminated safety glass.
The painted glass may be translucent, transparent or opaque and supplied in stock/standard sizes and as-cut finished sizes.
NOTE 1 Artistic products are excluded from the scope of this standard.
For painted glass used in aggressive and/or constantly high humidity atmospheres, e.g. horse riding halls, swimming pools, medical baths, saunas, etc. this standard is not applicable.
NOTE 2 Bathrooms and kitchens are not considered as constantly high humidity atmospheres.
This standard does not give requirements for framing, fixing or other support systems.
NOTE 3 Useful advice on these items is contained in the informative annex C.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines principles of glazing as well as recommendations on the selection of components, e.g. frame sections, beads, drainage holes, etc., for fitting glazing into frames of any material.
This European Standard applies to all basic types of edge supported vertical and sloping glazing systems, in all types of fixed or opening frames used in buildings.
This European standard specifies also the functions, requirements and installation of glazing blocks within a frame during its manufacturing, transportation, installation and operational life. The standard applies to glazing blocks used for all types of flat or curved glass, as well as to derived processed types of glass.
For certain glass products, e.g. fire resistant glazing, security glass, other or additional requirements, rules or recommendations may apply.
The standard is applicable to European climate conditions.
This European Standard does not apply to the following:
- glass blocks and paver units (EN 1051 1);
- channel-shaped glass (EN 572 7);
- structural sealant glazing (see EN 13022 1 and EN 13022 2 and ETAG 002);
- adhesively bonded glazing in window;
- point fixed glazing;
- greenhouses (see EN 13031 1).
As this standard gives basic assembly principles only, national requirements, rules or recommendations may also apply.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines principles of glazing as well as recommendations on the selection of components, e.g. frame sections, beads, drainage holes, etc., for fitting glazing into frames of any material.
This European Standard applies to all basic types of edge supported vertical and sloping glazing systems, in all types of fixed or opening frames used in buildings.
This European standard specifies also the functions, requirements and installation of glazing blocks within a frame during its manufacturing, transportation, installation and operational life. The standard applies to glazing blocks used for all types of flat or curved glass, as well as to derived processed types of glass.
For certain glass products, e.g. fire resistant glazing, security glass, other or additional requirements, rules or recommendations may apply.
The standard is applicable to European climate conditions.
This European Standard does not apply to the following:
- glass blocks and paver units (EN 1051 1);
- channel-shaped glass (EN 572 7);
- structural sealant glazing (see EN 13022 1 and EN 13022 2 and ETAG 002);
- adhesively bonded glazing in window;
- point fixed glazing;
- greenhouses (see EN 13031 1).
As this standard gives basic assembly principles only, national requirements, rules or recommendations may also apply.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard specifies and classifies basic alumino silicate glass products, indicates their chemical composition, their main physical and mechanical characteristics, their dimensional and their minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual faults).
This European Standard applies to basic alumino silicate glasses supplied in stock sizes, supplied sizes or in cut sizes for final end use.
This European Standard does not apply to final cut sizes having a dimension less than 100 mm or a surface area less than 0,05 m2.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Part of this European Standard specifies and classifies basic alumino silicate glass products, indicates their chemical composition, their main physical and mechanical characteristics, their dimensional and their minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual faults).
This European Standard applies to basic alumino silicate glasses supplied in stock sizes, supplied sizes or in cut sizes for final end use.
This European Standard does not apply to final cut sizes having a dimension less than 100 mm or a surface area less than 0,05 m2.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies information additional to EN ISO 10140 1 necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized conditions the determination of the sound reduction index of drywall systems of plasterboard with steel studs according to EN ISO 10140 2 “Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of -building elements — Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation”. Observe that all demands in EN ISO 10140 2 should still be fulfilled. In order to decrease the uncertainty, it specifies:
- additional guidelines for testing drywall systems of plasterboard with steel studs;
and
- a method to validate laboratory by using two reference test partitions.
The results obtained are used to convert frequency-dependent sound reduction index into single number ratings, according to EN ISO 717 1. These performances can be used to compare different products, or, and to express a requirement, or, and as input into estimation methods, such as EN 12354 1.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies information additional to EN ISO 10140 1 necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized conditions the determination of the sound reduction index of drywall systems of plasterboard with steel studs according to EN ISO 10140 2 “Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of -building elements — Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation”. Observe that all demands in EN ISO 10140 2 should still be fulfilled. In order to decrease the uncertainty, it specifies:
- additional guidelines for testing drywall systems of plasterboard with steel studs;
and
- a method to validate laboratory by using two reference test partitions.
The results obtained are used to convert frequency-dependent sound reduction index into single number ratings, according to EN ISO 717 1. These performances can be used to compare different products, or, and to express a requirement, or, and as input into estimation methods, such as EN 12354 1.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the characteristics, properties and classification of adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass, i.e. glass product that has had an adhesive backed polymeric film applied, for use in buildings. The adhesive backed polymeric film is based on biaxially oriented polyester film as defined in
FprEN 15752-1. This applies to both site and factory applications.
This European Standard does not apply to adhesive backed polymeric films manufactured using polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Other requirements, not specified in this standard, may apply to adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass that is incorporated into assemblies, e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard. Adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines adhesive backed polymeric film based on biaxially oriented polyester film, and the performance characteristics of adhesive backed polymeric film for use on glass in buildings.
This European Standard does not apply to adhesive backed polymeric films manufactured using polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Other requirements, not specified in this standard, may apply to other glass or glazing products, e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units, when adhesive backed polymeric film is included as part of the original assembly or manufacture of the glazing product. These additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard. Adhesive backed polymeric film, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard deals with the assembling and bonding of glass elements in a frame, window, door or curtain walling construction, or directly into the building by means of structural bonding of the glass element into or onto framework or directly into the building.
It gives information to the assembler to enable him to organize his work and comply with requirements regarding quality control.
Structural sealant glazing can be incorporated into the façades (curtain walls, doors and windows) or roofs as follows:
- either vertically; or
- up to 7° from the horizontal, i.e. 83° from the vertical.
This European Standard only deals with the bonding to glass surfaces, i.e. coated or uncoated or enamelled, and metallic surfaces, i.e. aluminium (anodised or coated), stainless steel, as considered in G.2 of EN 15434:2006+A1:2010.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the suitability for use of supported and unsupported glass products for use in Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG) applications. Four schematic drawings of SSG systems are shown in Figure 1 and three section drawings of an SSG type II system are shown in Figure 2 for illustration purposes. This European Standard on glass products is considered as a supplement to the requirements specified in the corresponding standards with regard to verifying the suitability for use in SSG systems.
Only soda lime silicate glasses are taken into consideration in this European Standard.
Plastic glazing is excluded from the scope of this European Standard.
Any glass products meeting the requirements of this European Standard are suitable for use in SSG systems as defined in ETAG 002 ) Structural sealant glazing system.
All glass products are installed and bonded into the support under controlled environmental conditions as described in Clause 5 of FprEN 13022-2:20131.
When the outer seal of the insulating glass unit has a structural function and/or is exposed to UV radiation without any protection, only silicone based sealant are permitted in the construction of the unit.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard deals with the assembling and bonding of glass elements in a frame, window, door or curtain walling construction, or directly into the building by means of structural bonding of the glass element into or onto framework or directly into the building.
It gives information to the assembler to enable him to organize his work and comply with requirements regarding quality control.
Structural sealant glazing can be incorporated into the façades (curtain walls, doors and windows) or roofs as follows:
- either vertically; or
- up to 7° from the horizontal, i.e. 83° from the vertical.
This European Standard only deals with the bonding to glass surfaces, i.e. coated or uncoated or enamelled, and metallic surfaces, i.e. aluminium (anodised or coated), stainless steel, as considered in G.2 of EN 15434:2006+A1:2010.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the characteristics, properties and classification of adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass, i.e. glass product that has had an adhesive backed polymeric film applied, for use in buildings. The adhesive backed polymeric film is based on biaxially oriented polyester film as defined in
FprEN 15752-1. This applies to both site and factory applications.
This European Standard does not apply to adhesive backed polymeric films manufactured using polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Other requirements, not specified in this standard, may apply to adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass that is incorporated into assemblies, e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard. Adhesive backed polymeric filmed glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines adhesive backed polymeric film based on biaxially oriented polyester film, and the performance characteristics of adhesive backed polymeric film for use on glass in buildings.
This European Standard does not apply to adhesive backed polymeric films manufactured using polyvinylchloride (PVC).
Other requirements, not specified in this standard, may apply to other glass or glazing products, e.g. laminated glass or insulating glass units, when adhesive backed polymeric film is included as part of the original assembly or manufacture of the glazing product. These additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard. Adhesive backed polymeric film, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for the suitability for use of supported and unsupported glass products for use in Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG) applications. Four schematic drawings of SSG systems are shown in Figure 1 and three section drawings of an SSG type II system are shown in Figure 2 for illustration purposes. This European Standard on glass products is considered as a supplement to the requirements specified in the corresponding standards with regard to verifying the suitability for use in SSG systems.
Only soda lime silicate glasses are taken into consideration in this European Standard.
Plastic glazing is excluded from the scope of this European Standard.
Any glass products meeting the requirements of this European Standard are suitable for use in SSG systems as defined in ETAG 002 ) Structural sealant glazing system.
All glass products are installed and bonded into the support under controlled environmental conditions as described in Clause 5 of FprEN 13022-2:20131.
When the outer seal of the insulating glass unit has a structural function and/or is exposed to UV radiation without any protection, only silicone based sealant are permitted in the construction of the unit.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass for use in buildings.
This also includes requirements subject to regulation.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass for use in buildings.
This also includes requirements subject to regulation.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the heat soak process system together with tolerances flatness, edgework, fragmentation and physical and mechanical characteristics of monolithic flat heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass for use in buildings. Information on curved heat soak thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass is given in Annex B, but this product does not form part of this document.
Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass which is incorporated into assemblies, e.g. laminated glass or insulating units, or undergo an additional treatment, e.g. coating. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard EN 15682-2. In this case, heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate glass does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements, the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of flat heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass for use in buildings.
For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies tolerances, flatness of web and flanges, flange deviation, edgework, fragmentation and physical and mechanical characteristics of monolithic thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass for use in buildings.
Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass, which undergoes an additional treatment, e.g. coating. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard EN 15683-2. Thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the heat soak process system together with tolerances flatness, edgework, fragmentation and physical and mechanical characteristics of monolithic flat heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass for use in buildings. Information on curved heat soak thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass is given in Annex B, but this product does not form part of this document.
Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass which is incorporated into assemblies, e.g. laminated glass or insulating units, or undergo an additional treatment, e.g. coating. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard EN 15682-2. In this case, heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate glass does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements, the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of flat heat soaked thermally toughened alkaline earth silicate safety glass for use in buildings.
For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies tolerances, flatness of web and flanges, flange deviation, edgework, fragmentation and physical and mechanical characteristics of monolithic thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass for use in buildings.
Other requirements, not specified in this document, can apply to thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass, which undergoes an additional treatment, e.g. coating. The additional requirements are specified in the appropriate product standard EN 15683-2. Thermally toughened soda lime silicate channel shaped safety glass, in this case, does not lose its mechanical or thermal characteristics.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes a procedure, based on a diffusion model, to be applied to the estimation of specific migration of substances into drinking water from organic materials intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The modelling approach is readily applicable to certain organic materials, as explained in this report. In principle, the diffusion modelling approach is applicable to other organic materials but practical difficulties, in relation to obtaining data to feed into the diffusion model, may restrict or prevent its application. Accordingly, in addition to the diffusion model, scientific estimation procedures for the required data inputs need to be considered.
The approach is normally applicable to organic substances that are soluble in the material matrix. Substances applied externally to a product made of an organic material, e.g. antistatic agents, lubricants, etc. are excluded from the diffusion modelling approach, as are electrolytes, salts, oxides and metals. Only organic substances with well-defined molecular weight or mixtures with well-defined ranges of molecular weights are amenable to the diffusion modelling approach.
The diffusion modelling approach is readily applicable to amenable organic materials in the form of a pipe or a sheet, where data such as material thickness is readily calculable. More complicated product shapes, such as fittings, require assumptions to be made.
It may not be possible to model the effects of test waters that are chemically active, for example test waters to which chlorine has been added to simulate chlorinated drinking water. This is because substances that migrate from a material into water containing chlorine can be converted by chemical reaction into substances with different properties.
- Technical report33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes a procedure, based on a diffusion model, to be applied to the estimation of specific migration of substances into drinking water from organic materials intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The modelling approach is readily applicable to certain organic materials, as explained in this report. In principle, the diffusion modelling approach is applicable to other organic materials but practical difficulties, in relation to obtaining data to feed into the diffusion model, may restrict or prevent its application. Accordingly, in addition to the diffusion model, scientific estimation procedures for the required data inputs need to be considered.
The approach is normally applicable to organic substances that are soluble in the material matrix. Substances applied externally to a product made of an organic material, e.g. antistatic agents, lubricants, etc. are excluded from the diffusion modelling approach, as are electrolytes, salts, oxides and metals. Only organic substances with well-defined molecular weight or mixtures with well-defined ranges of molecular weights are amenable to the diffusion modelling approach.
The diffusion modelling approach is readily applicable to amenable organic materials in the form of a pipe or a sheet, where data such as material thickness is readily calculable. More complicated product shapes, such as fittings, require assumptions to be made.
It may not be possible to model the effects of test waters that are chemically active, for example test waters to which chlorine has been added to simulate chlorinated drinking water. This is because substances that migrate from a material into water containing chlorine can be converted by chemical reaction into substances with different properties.
- Technical report33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of painted glass for internal use in buildings.
Note For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of painted glass for internal use in buildings.
Note For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply.
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard gives the principles of determining the load resistance of glass. It gives
- the general method of calculation, and
- determination of load resistance by testing for any application.
This European Standard does not determine suitability for purpose. Resistance to applied loads is only one part of the design process, which may also need to take into account
- environmental factors (e.g. sound insulation, thermal properties),
- safety characteristics (e.g. fire performance, breakage characteristics in relation to human safety, security).
- Draft43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the mechanical viscoelastic properties of interlayer materials. The interlayers under examination are those used in the production of laminated glass and/or laminated safety glass. The interlayer properties are needed in order to determine the load resistance of laminated glass as part of a general calculation method for the load resistance of glass.
NOTE CEN/TC 129/WG 8 "Mechanical strength" is preparing a draft for the calculation method [1].
From the tensile modulus in particular conditions of temperature and load duration, an interlayer can be placed into a family that relates to a specific interlayer shear transfer coefficient, [omega]. This value can be used in a simplified calculation method.
An informative annex explains the background to the determination of families relating to a specific interlayer shear transfer coefficient.
- Draft22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard covers requirements, the evaluation of conformity and the factory production control of flat painted glass for internal use in buildings. NOTE: For glass products with electrical wiring or connections for, e.g. alarm or heating purposes, other directives, e.g. Low Voltage Directive, may apply
- Draft30 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies minimum quality requirements (in respect of optical, visual and edge faults) and durability tests for painted glass for internal use in building.This standard applies only to painted glass manufactured from annealed soda lime silicate float glass or coated annealed soda lime silicate float glass (see EN 572-1, 572-2 and EN 1096-4). The painted glass may be translucent, transparent or opaque and supplied in stock/standard sizes and as-cut finished sizes. NOTE 1: Painted glass may be manufactured from other annealed glass or thermally treated glass. However the standard does not give information on minimum quality requirement for this substrate. The durability test methods are applicable. For painted glass used in aggressive and/or constantly high humidity atmospheres, e.g. horse riding halls, swimming pools, medical baths, saunas, etc. this standard is not applicable. NOTE 2: Bathrooms and kitchens are not considered as constantly high humidity atmospheres. This standard does not give requirements for framing, fixing or other support systems. NOTE 3: Useful advice on these items is contained in the informative annex C.
- Draft24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 88/609/EEC covers "Limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants". There are 74 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 88/609/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 88/609/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.