86/278/EEC - Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture
Council Directive 86/278/EEC regulates the use of sewage sludge in agriculture to protect soil, vegetation, animals, and humans. It aims to prevent harmful effects by setting limits on heavy metal concentrations in both sludge and soil and restricting sludge application when these limits are exceeded. The Directive distinguishes between treated and untreated sludge and requires treatment to reduce health risks, with some conditions allowing untreated sludge use. It prohibits sludge application on certain crops and during specific periods to safeguard food safety. Member States must monitor sludge and soil quality through regular analyses and maintain detailed records of sludge production and use. The Directive encourages the renewal and adaptation of technical standards based on scientific progress and allows Member States to adopt stricter measures. Reports on sludge use must be submitted to the Commission periodically, enabling ongoing evaluation and adjustment of soil and environmental protections. The Directive seeks to balance sludge’s agronomic benefits with environmental and public health safeguards across the EU.
Purpose
Council Directive 86/278/EEC aims to regulate the use of sewage sludge in agriculture to protect the environment, in particular the soil, as well as vegetation, animals, and human health. The Directive encourages the correct and safe utilization of sewage sludge in farming while preventing harmful effects caused by its uncontrolled or inappropriate application. It also seeks to harmonize the provisions across Member States to ensure the smooth functioning of the EU’s common market and establishes initial community measures related to soil protection.
Key Obligations
- Scope of sludge use: Only sewage sludge from domestic or urban wastewater treatment plants, or similar sources, may be used in agriculture under controlled conditions (Article 3). Other types of sludge must be regulated by Member States or used following Member State conditions.
- Heavy metal limits: Annexes specify maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals in soil and sludge, as well as maximum annual quantities of metals that can be introduced into agricultural soils (Articles 4 and 5). Use of sludge must be prohibited if these soil limits are exceeded.
- Sludge treatment: Sludge must generally undergo treatment (biological, chemical, heat, or long-term storage) to reduce health hazards before being applied to land. Untreated sludge may be authorized only under specific conditions by Member States if injected or incorporated directly into the soil (Article 6).
- Restrictions on use: Use of sludge is prohibited:
- On grassland or forage crops unless a minimum waiting period (not less than 3 weeks) has elapsed before grazing or harvesting.
- On soils growing fruit and vegetable crops during the growing season (except fruit trees).
- On soil intended for crops in direct contact with the soil and eaten raw for 10 months prior to and during harvest (Article 7).
- Environmental safeguards: Application must take into account plant nutrient needs and must avoid impairing soil or water quality. Special care is required for acidic soils (pH <6) due to increased heavy metal mobility (Article 8).
- Monitoring and reporting: Regular analyses of sludge and soil quality are mandatory, with reference methods specified (Annex II). Records of sludge production, composition, treatment, recipients, and application sites must be maintained and made available to competent authorities (Articles 9 and 10).
- Exemptions: Smaller sewage treatment plants (capacity below 5,000 person equivalents) mainly treating domestic wastewater may be exempted from some analysis and reporting requirements (Article 11).
- Stricter national measures: Member States may impose more stringent rules for sludge use and must notify the European Commission (Article 12).
- Adaptation procedure: Scientific and technical progress may necessitate updating the Directive’s annexes and parameters through a Committee procedure involving Member States and the Commission (Articles 13-15).
- Consolidated reporting: Every four years after an initial five-year period, Member States must report on sludge use in agriculture, allowing the Commission to evaluate and propose further protective measures if needed (Article 17).
Affected Products and Actors
- Products: The Directive applies to sewage sludge defined as residual sludge from domestic or urban wastewater treatment plants, septic tanks, and similar installations.
- Actors:
- Wastewater treatment plants producing sludge.
- Farmers and agricultural users applying sludge on soils.
- National competent authorities overseeing compliance.
- The European Commission coordinating adaptation and monitoring.
Implementation Timeline
- Member States were required to transpose the Directive into national law within three years from its notification (Article 16), implying that implementation was expected by approximately 1989.
- Regular consolidated reporting on the use and regulation of sewage sludge in agriculture was mandated to start five years after the Directive’s notification (circa 1991) and continue every four years thereafter (Article 17).
- Adaptations to technical and scientific progress may be made continually via the established Committee mechanism, ensuring the Directive remains up to date.
This Directive established a balanced framework aiming both to encourage the beneficial reuse of sewage sludge in agriculture and to safeguard soil and environmental quality from potential contamination risks, particularly heavy metals.
This directive applies to the use of sewage sludge in agriculture, specifically regulating the spreading and application of sludge on soil for the cultivation of all types of commercial food crops, including those grown for stock-rearing purposes. It covers residual sludge from sewage plants treating domestic or urban wastewater, septic tanks, and other similar installations, as well as sludge from other sewage plants if regulated by the Member State concerned. The directive excludes certain small treatment plants with a limited capacity treating primarily domestic wastewater from some obligations. Its scope covers sludge treated through biological, chemical, heat treatment or other processes to reduce health hazards, but allows for certain conditions under which untreated sludge may be used. It includes provisions aimed at protecting soil quality, vegetation, animals, human health, and preventing environmental harm, through limits on heavy metals and specific use conditions on crops and soil.
Die Richtlinie 86/278/EWG regelt den Schutz der Umwelt, insbesondere der Böden, bei der Verwendung von Klärschlamm in der Landwirtschaft. Ziel ist es, schädliche Auswirkungen auf Böden, Pflanzen, Tiere und Menschen zu vermeiden und gleichzeitig eine ordnungsgemäße Nutzung von Klärschlamm zu fördern. Die Richtlinie legt Grenzwerte für Schwermetalle im Klärschlamm und Boden fest, um die Gesundheit zu schützen und eine Kontamination der Böden zu verhindern. Klärschlamm muss vor der landwirtschaftlichen Verwendung behandelt werden, wobei Ausnahmen für unbehandelten Schlamm unter bestimmten Bedingungen möglich sind. Zudem sind Mindestfristen für die Beweidung und Ernte nach der Klärschlammausbringung vorgeschrieben, und die Verwendung auf bestimmten Obst- und Gemüsekulturen während der Vegetationszeit ist verboten. Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, Analysen durchzuführen, Informationspflichten einzuhalten und Register über Schlammverwendung zu führen. Sie können strengere Vorschriften erlassen und müssen regelmäßig Berichte über die Nutzung von Klärschlamm erstellen. Die Richtlinie soll den Schutz von Boden, Grundwasser und Umwelt sicherstellen und die harmonisierte Anwendung der Vorschriften in der EU fördern.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 86/278/EWG zielt darauf ab, die Verwendung von Klärschlamm in der Landwirtschaft so zu regeln, dass negative Auswirkungen auf Böden, Vegetation, Tiere und Menschen vermieden werden, während gleichzeitig eine sachgerechte Nutzung von Klärschlamm gefördert wird. Sie schafft harmonisierte Mindeststandards für den Schutz der Umwelt und der menschlichen Gesundheit, insbesondere durch die Begrenzung schädlicher Schwermetallkonzentrationen im Boden. Zudem soll eine rechtsangleichende Grundlage geschaffen werden, um Wettbewerbsverzerrungen im Binnenmarkt durch unterschiedliche nationale Vorschriften zu vermeiden.
Wesentliche Verpflichtungen
Beschränkung und Kontrolle von Schwermetallen: Die Mitgliedstaaten legen Grenzwerte für Schwermetallkonzentrationen im Boden und im Klärschlamm sowie für die jährlichen Höchstmengen der Einbringung fest (Anhänge I A-C). Die Verwendung von Klärschlamm ist zu untersagen, wenn diese Grenzwerte überschritten werden.
Behandlung des Klärschlamms: Vor der landwirtschaftlichen Ausbringung müssen Klärschlämme behandelt werden (biologisch, chemisch, thermisch oder durch Lagerung), um deren Zersetzbarkeit und hygienische Risiken zu reduzieren. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen ist Ausbringung unbehandelter Schlämme erlaubt, wenn keine Gesundheitsgefahren vorliegen.
Verwendungsbeschränkungen auf bestimmten Flächen: Die Ausbringung auf Weiden und Futterflächen ist nur mit Einhaltung bestimmter Fristen vor Beweidung oder Ernte erlaubt (mindestens drei Wochen). Die Verwendung auf Obst- und Gemüsekulturen während der Vegetationszeit ist untersagt, ausgenommen bei Obstbaumkulturen. Für bestimmte Kulturen, die im rohen Zustand verzehrt werden, gilt ein 10-monatiges Verwendungsverbot vor und während der Ernte.
Überwachung und Analyse: Regelmäßige Analysen von Klärschlamm und Böden sind durchzuführen (vgl. Anhang II). Die Probenahme ist genormt, mit Vorgaben zur Tiefe und Anzahl der Bodenproben sowie zur Repräsentativität der Schlammproben.
Dokumentation und Berichterstattung: Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen Register über erzeugte und verwendete Klärschlammarten, Behandlungsmethoden, Zusammensetzung, Empfänger und Einsatzorte führen. Alle vier Jahre ist ein Bericht an die Europäische Kommission zu übermitteln.
Ausnahmen für kleine Kläranlagen: Klärschlämme aus kleinen Abwasseranlagen (bis 300 kg BSB5/Tag, ca. 5.000 Einwohnergleichwerte), die hauptsächlich häusliches Wasser behandeln, können von bestimmten Informations- und Analysepflichten befreit werden.
Anpassung an technischen Fortschritt: Ein Ausschuss zur technischen und wissenschaftlichen Anpassung der Anhänge und Vorgaben ist eingerichtet, um Aktualisierungen zu ermöglichen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
Klärschlamm: Einschließlich Klärschlämme aus kommunalen und sonstigen Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen sowie Klärgruben.
Landwirtschaftliche Betriebe: Betreiber landwirtschaftlicher Flächen, die Klärschlamm als Dünger einsetzen.
Klärschlammproduzenten: Betreiber von Kläranlagen, die den Schlamm behandeln und liefern.
Nationale Behörden: Zuständig für die Umsetzung, Überwachung, Analyse, Dokumentation und Berichterstattung.
Umsetzungszeitplan
Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen die Richtlinie innerhalb von drei Jahren nach deren Bekanntgabe vollständig in nationales Recht umsetzen und die Kommission über die erfolgte Umsetzung informieren. Danach sind alle vier Jahre zusammenfassende Berichte über die Verwendung von Klärschlamm in der Landwirtschaft an die Kommission zu übermitteln, erstmals fünf Jahre nach Bekanntgabe der Richtlinie.
Diese Richtlinie ist eine wichtige Grundlage zum Schutz von Boden und Umwelt vor potenziellen Risiken durch Klärschlamm und fördert zugleich dessen sachgerechte Verwertung in der EU-Landwirtschaft.
Die Richtlinie 86/278/EWG gilt für die Verwendung von Klärschlamm aus Kläranlagen, insbesondere solche zur Behandlung von Haushalts- oder städtischen Abwässern, sowie Schlämme aus Klärgruben und ähnlichen Anlagen, die in der Landwirtschaft ausgebracht werden. Sie umfasst die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung, welche den Anbau von Kulturpflanzen zum Handel und zur Nahrungsmittelversorgung einschließlich Viehzucht einschließt. Ziel ist die Regulierung der Verwendung von Klärschlamm auf Böden, um schädliche Umweltauswirkungen auf Böden, Vegetation, Tiere und Menschen zu vermeiden und gleichzeitig eine ordnungsgemäße Verwendung zu fördern. Die Richtlinie legt Beschränkungen und Grenzwerte bezüglich Schwermetallgehalten sowohl im Klärschlamm als auch im Boden fest und regelt darüber hinaus Behandlungspflichten, Zeitpunkt, Art der Ausbringung sowie Dokumentations- und Informationspflichten im Zusammenhang mit der landwirtschaftlichen Verwendung von Klärschlamm. Kleinere Kläranlagen können unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen von einigen Verpflichtungen ausgenommen sein.
La directive 86/278/CEE vise à réguler l’utilisation des boues d’épuration en agriculture afin de protéger les sols, la végétation, les animaux et la santé humaine, tout en favorisant une valorisation agricole correcte. Elle fixe des limites strictes pour la concentration de métaux lourds dans les sols et les boues afin d’éviter la contamination et prévoit des restrictions concernant l’épandage, notamment sur les cultures maraîchères et fruitières. Les boues doivent être traitées avant utilisation, sauf exceptions encadrées, et les États membres doivent assurer un suivi régulier via analyses et registres, garantissant ainsi la traçabilité et la gestion des risques. La directive autorise des mesures nationales plus strictes, prévoit une procédure d’adaptation au progrès technique et impose un rapport quadriennal à la Commission pour évaluer la mise en œuvre et les effets des mesures. Elle établit un cadre harmonisé pour protéger l’environnement tout en encourageant l’utilisation durable des boues d’épuration dans les pratiques agricoles.
Objet
La directive 86/278/CEE vise à réglementer l'utilisation des boues d'épuration en agriculture afin d'éviter des effets nocifs sur les sols, la végétation, les animaux et l'homme, tout en encourageant leur valorisation correcte. Elle cherche à protéger l'environnement, notamment les sols, en fixant des règles harmonisées au sein des États membres pour garantir la sécurité sanitaire et environnementale, éviter la contamination des sols par les métaux lourds et préserver la qualité de la production agricole.
Obligations clés
Réglementation de l'utilisation des boues : Les boues d'épuration issues de stations traitant principalement des eaux usées domestiques ne peuvent être utilisées en agriculture que conformément à cette directive. Pour d'autres types de boues, leur usage doit également être réglementé.
Limitation des teneurs en métaux lourds : La directive fixe des valeurs limites impératives concernant la concentration de métaux lourds (cadmium, cuivre, nickel, plomb, zinc, mercure, chrome) dans les sols, dans les boues et quantifie les apports annuels maximaux possibles en métaux lourds sur les sols agricoles. L'utilisation des boues est interdite lorsque les concentrations dans les sols dépassent ces valeurs limites.
Traitement des boues : Les boues doivent être traitées (biologiquement, chimiquement, thermiquement ou par stockage à long terme) afin de réduire leur pouvoir fermentescible et les risques sanitaires. Toutefois, des exemptions sont possibles sous conditions pour l'utilisation des boues non traitées si elles sont injectées ou enfouies dans le sol.
Restrictions d’usage selon les cultures :
- Interdiction d’utiliser les boues sur les herbages ou cultures fourragères si la période de pâturage ou de récolte intervient avant un délai minimal de trois semaines.
- Interdiction d'épandre des boues sur les cultures maraîchères et fruitières pendant la période de végétation (sauf arbres fruitiers).
- Interdiction sur cultures normalement en contact direct avec le sol et consommées crues pendant les dix mois précédant la récolte et la récolte elle-même.
Analyses et contrôles : Les boues et sols doivent faire l’objet d’analyses selon des méthodes normalisées précises (pH, métaux lourds). Les États membres tiennent des registres des quantités produites et distribuées, ainsi que des caractéristiques des boues.
Information aux utilisateurs : Les producteurs de boues doivent fournir des informations détaillées aux utilisateurs sur la composition et le traitement des boues selon un modèle défini.
Rapports périodiques : Les États membres doivent établir tous les quatre ans un rapport de synthèse sur l'utilisation des boues en agriculture et le transmettre à la Commission européenne pour surveiller l'application de la directive et proposer, si nécessaire, des mesures d'amélioration.
Mesures nationales plus strictes : Les États membres restent libres d’adopter des règles plus sévères que celles prévues par la directive pour protéger la santé humaine et l’environnement, à condition d’en informer la Commission.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Boues visées :
- Boues issues de stations d’épuration traitant principalement des eaux usées domestiques ou similaires.
- Boues résiduaires de fosses septiques et installations similaires.
- Boues provenant d'autres stations d'épuration, sous réserve d’une réglementation nationale spécifique.
Acteurs concernés :
- Producteurs de boues d'épuration (stations d’épuration).
- Agriculteurs et utilisateurs des boues comme fertilisants.
- Autorités compétentes nationales chargées de la régulation, du contrôle des analyses et des déclarations.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
Les États membres devaient transposer les dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives nécessaires pour se conformer à la directive dans un délai de trois ans à compter de sa notification (après le 12 juin 1986).
Un premier rapport synthétique sur l’utilisation des boues en agriculture devait être établi cinq ans après la notification de la directive, puis tous les quatre ans.
Une procédure spécifique est instituée pour l’adaptation des annexes techniques au progrès scientifique et technique, via un comité de coopération entre États membres et Commission, afin d’ajuster rapidement certains paramètres (hors valeurs limites des métaux lourds).
Cette directive constitue une étape importante dans la gestion durable et sécurisée des boues d’épuration en agriculture, conciliant une utilisation bénéfique de ces matières avec la protection de l’environnement et de la santé publique.
La directive 86/278/CEE s'applique à l'utilisation des boues d'épuration issues de stations traitant des eaux usées domestiques ou urbaines, ainsi que de fosses septiques et autres installations similaires, en agriculture. Elle concerne l'épandage de ces boues sur les sols ou toute autre application sur et dans les sols à des fins agricoles, incluant tout type de culture à but commercial et alimentaire, y compris pour l'élevage. L'objectif est de réglementer cette utilisation afin d'éviter des effets nocifs sur les sols, la végétation, les animaux et la santé humaine, tout en encourageant une valorisation correcte de ces boues. La directive fixe des limites concernant les métaux lourds présents dans les boues et les sols, impose le traitement des boues avant usage, précise des conditions d'utilisation selon les cultures et les périodes, et requiert un suivi régulier par des analyses et des registres. Elle exclut toutefois certaines petites installations de certaines obligations et laisse aux États membres la possibilité d'adopter des mesures plus strictes.
Direktiva 86/278/EGS ureja uporabo blata iz čistilnih naprav v kmetijstvu z namenom preprečiti škodljive učinke na tla, vegetacijo, živali in ljudi ter spodbujati pravilno rabo blata. Namen direktive je varstvo tal in okolja ob hkratnem dopuščanju koristnih lastnosti blata za kmetijstvo. Uvaja mejne vrednosti za koncentracije težkih kovin v tleh in blatu ter omejitve letnih vnosa teh kovin, da se prepreči njihovo kopičenje. Blato je treba pred uporabo obdelati, vendar lahko države članice ob določenih pogojih dovolijo uporabo neobdelanega blata, če se to vdela v tla. Prepovedana je uporaba blata pri pridelavi sadja in zelenjave v rastni dobi, razen pri sadnem drevju, in na travnikih pred določenim obdobjem, da se zaščiti zdravje ljudi in živali. Direktiva določa tudi zahteve za spremljanje, analize in evidenco uporabe blata ter določa poročanje državam članicam in Komisiji. Pristojne države lahko sprejmejo strožje ukrepe. Vključuje postopke prilagajanja zahtev znanstvenemu in tehničnemu napredku.
Namen
Direktiva 86/278/EGS ureja uporabo blata iz čistilnih naprav v kmetijstvu z namenom preprečevanja škodljivih vplivov na tla, vegetacijo, živali in ljudi, hkrati pa spodbuja pravilno uporabo blata kot koristnega organskega gnojila. S tem se zagotavlja zaščita okolja in javnega zdravja ter ohranjanje kakovosti tal in kmetijskih pridelkov.
Ključne obveznosti
- Uporaba blata v kmetijstvu je dovoljena le v skladu z določili direktive, s posebnim poudarkom na preprečevanju onesnaženja tal s težkimi kovinami.
- Določene so mejne vrednosti za koncentracije težkih kovin v tleh (npr. kadmij, baker, nikelj, svinec, cink, živo srebro) in v blatu, ki se smejo uporabljati.
- Določene so najvišje dovoljene količine težkih kovin, ki se lahko letno vnesejo na enoto tal glede na desetletno povprečje.
- Blato mora biti pred uporabo ustrezno obdelano (biološko, kemično ali toplotno), da se zmanjša tveganje za zdravje; uporaba neobdelanega blata je dovoljena le pod strogo določenimi pogoji, kot je vbrizg ali vdelava v tla.
- Uporaba blata na traviščih in pri pridelavi krmnih rastlin je omejena z minimalnimi obdobji med uporabo blata in pašami oziroma spravilom krme (najmanj 3 tedne).
- Prepovedana je uporaba blata na tleh, kjer se prideluje sadje in zelenjava, ki sta v neposrednem stiku s tlemi in običajno uživana surova, za obdobje 10 mesecev pred in med spravilom (izjema je sadno drevje).
- Upoštevati je treba pravila, ki zagotavljajo varstvo tal in vodnih virov ter preprečujejo poslabšanje kakovosti tal, npr. prilagajanje glede na pH tal.
- Potrebno je redno analitično spremljanje kakovosti blata in tal, izvaja se vzorčenje in analiza po referenčnih metodah, informacije pa se posredujejo uporabnikom in pristojnim organom.
- Države članice morajo voditi evidence o proizvedenem in uporabljanem blatu ter o njegovih lastnostih in prejemnikih.
- Izvzetje določenih manjših čistilnih naprav iz nekaterih zahtev, če zmogljivost ne presega 300 kg BPK5 dnevno.
- Države članice lahko sprejmejo strožje ukrepe, ki jih mora sporočiti Komisiji.
- Določena je obveznost poročanja Komisiji o uporabi blata v kmetijstvu vsake štiri leta, Komisija pa lahko na podlagi teh podatkov predlaga dodatne ukrepe za varstvo tal.
Vplivani proizvodi in akterji
- Blato iz čistilnih naprav, ki vključuje odpadno blato iz gospodinjskih, komunalnih in podobnih čistilnih naprav za odpadne vode.
- Kmetijska zemljišča, kjer se blato uporablja kot organsko gnojilo.
- Proizvajalci blata, ki so odgovorni za ustrezno obdelavo blata in zagotavljanje informacij o njegovi sestavi uporabnikom.
- Uporabniki (kmetje), ki uporabljajo blato in morajo spoštovati pravila glede njegove uporabe in obdobij varnosti pred spravilom in pašami.
- Državni organi, ki nadzorujejo uporabo blata, izvajajo vzorčenje ter analize, zbirajo evidence in izvajajo ukrepe varstva okolja.
- Komisija EU, ki spremlja stanje in vodi postopke za prilagajanje direktive glede na tehnološki in znanstveni napredek.
Časovni okvir izvajanja
- Države članice morajo direktivo prenesti v svojo nacionalno zakonodajo in začeti izvajati ukrepe najpozneje tri leta po objavi direktive (leta 1989).
- Prva zbirna poročila o uporabi blata v kmetijstvu se predložijo Komisiji pet let po prenosu, nato pa vsaka štiri leta.
- Direktiva določa postopke za prilagajanje tehničnemu in znanstvenemu napredku, kar omogoča hitro posodabljanje ukrepov.
Direktiva 86/278/EGS predstavlja pomembno pravno podlago za varstvo okolja pri uporabi komunalnega in gospodinjskega blata v kmetijstvu, uravnava pa tako okoljske kot zdravstvene vidike s ciljem trajnostne in varne rabe te biološke surovine.
Direktiva 86/278/EGS ureja uporabo blata iz čistilnih naprav v kmetijstvu z namenom preprečevanja škodljivih učinkov na tla, vegetacijo, živali in ljudi ter spodbuja njegovo pravilno uporabo. Nanaša se na blato iz čistilnih naprav za čiščenje odpadnih voda iz gospodinjstev, komunalnih sistemov in drugih podobnih naprav. Uporaba blata je dovoljena pri kmetijski rabi, torej gojenju vseh vrst kulturnih rastlin za prodajo in preskrbo z živili, vključno z živinorejo. Direktiva določa pogoje za uporabo blata, vključno z mejami koncentracij težkih kovin v blatu in tleh, obdelavo blata pred uporabo, prepovedi uporabe na določenih vrstah pridelkov ter varstvo tal ter vodnih virov. Določena so pravila za analizo blata in tal ter obveze držav članic za spremljanje in poročanje o uporabi blata v kmetijstvu.
General Information
This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste samples containing more than 0,1 % carbon in relation to the dry mass (dm).
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an operationally defined method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. AOX being a methodologically defined parameter, it is essential that the procedure is applied without any modification.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste samples containing more than 0,1 % carbon in relation to the dry mass (dm).
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an operationally defined method for the direct determination of organically bound halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) adsorbed and occluded to the sample matrix. AOX being a methodologically defined parameter, it is essential that the procedure is applied without any modification.
This document is intended for analysis of sludge, treated biowaste or soil in concentrations ranging from 5 mg/kg dry matter. The upper limit and exact concentration range covered depend on the instrumentation used for determination.
NOTE This method can also be applied to other environmental solid matrices, provided the user has verified the applicability.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this European Standard are listed in Table 1.
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is "performance based". It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results).
The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.
- Standard + National Annex and/or Foreword14 pagesForeword and/or annex in Slovenian language, body of the standard in English languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.
- Standard + National Annex and/or Foreword17 pagesForeword and/or annex in Slovenian language, body of the standard in English languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a test procedure for the determination of the content of unwanted viable weed seeds and plant propagules in growing media and soil improvers (see also Annex B for validation results).
The method in general is also applicable to soils and sludges.
- Standard + National Annex and/or Foreword14 pagesForeword and/or annex in Slovenian language, body of the standard in English languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method to determine the physical impurities > 2 mm and stones > 5 mm in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Fragments of wood or bark can be acceptable constituents of the sample.
- Standard + National Annex and/or Foreword17 pagesForeword and/or annex in Slovenian language, body of the standard in English languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
- Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
- Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
- Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).
- Technical report51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report specifies three methods for the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli in sludge, treated biowaste and soil:
- Method A - Membrane filtration method for quantification (see Clause 6);
- Method B - Miniaturised method (Most Probable Number, MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium (see Clause 7);
- Method C - Macromethod (Most Probable Number) in liquid medium (see Clause 8).
- Technical report51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters.
The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample.
This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary (see Clause 8) and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions (Clause 10).
For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures (see 10.2) to prepare:
- test samples for tests under field moist conditions;
- test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.;
- test samples of liquid sludge.
For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified:
- a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured (see 10.3.2);
- a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible (see 10.3.3);
- a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required (see 10.3.4).
The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material (see Clause 5 and 8.3), the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen according to the Kjeldahl procedure in sludge, treated biowaste and soil.
Nitrate and nitrite are not included.
Compounds with nitrogen bound in N-N, N-O linkages and some heterocycles (pyridines) are only partially determined.
The limit of detection (LOD) is usually 0,03 % nitrogen, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 % nitrogen (using 0,25 mol/l sulfuric acid for titration).
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the determination of total nitrogen (organic and inorganic) according to the procedure of Dumas in sludge, treated biowaste and soil. A typical limit of detection is 0,02 % nitrogen, and a typical limit of quantification is 0,08 % nitrogen.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method for microwave digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soil using nitric acid.
This method is applicable for microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion of sludge, treated biowaste and soils for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), cesium (Cs), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), holmium (Ho), indium (In), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), lanthanum (La), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), lutetium (Lu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), phosphorus (P), platinum (Pt), potassium (K), praseodymium (Pr), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulphur (S), tellurium (Te), terbium (Tb), thallium (Tl), thorium (Th), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
This European Standard may also be applicable for the digestion of other elements.
Digestion with nitric acid will not necessarily accomplish total decomposition of the sample. The extracted analyte concentrations may not necessarily reflect the total content in the sample.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the pretreatment required for sludge, treated biowaste and soil (including soil-like materials), that are subject to the analysis of organic as well as inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters.
The pretreatment of samples aims at preparing a (small) test sample which is representative for the original sample.
This European Standard describes the pretreatment which could be performed under field conditions if necessary (see Clause 8) and the sample pretreatment under laboratory conditions (Clause 10).
For determining inorganic chemical and physico-chemical parameters this European Standard describes procedures (see 10.2) to prepare:
- test samples for tests under field moist conditions;
- test samples for testing after drying, crushing, grinding, sieving etc.;
- test samples of liquid sludge.
For determination of organic compounds three pretreatment methods are specified:
- a pretreatment method if volatile organic compounds are to be measured (see 10.3.2);
- a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the result of the following analysis will be accurate and reproducible (see 10.3.3);
- a pretreatment method if moderately volatile to non-volatile organic compounds are to be measured and the extraction procedure prescribes a field moist sample or if only indicative results are required (see 10.3.4).
The choice of the method depends above all on the volatility of the analyte. It also depends on the particle size distribution of the material (see Clause 5 and 8.3), the heterogeneity of the sample and the following analytical procedure.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE 4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.
- Technical specification25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of selected phthalates in sludge, treated biowaste and soil, after extraction and gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection.
The method is applicable for the determination of phthalates (see Table 2) at the lowest mass content of 0,1 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter), depending on the individual substance.
The applicability of the method to other phthalates not specified in Table 2 is not excluded except the isomeric mixtures e.g. DiNP (Di-isononylphthalate), but shall be verified in each case.
- Technical specification25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) or a mass selective detector (MS).
This Technical Specification specifies the determination of the sum of LAS. Under the conditions specified in this Technical Specification, typically a limit of detection of 20 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for sludge and of 0,2 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg for soil and treated biowaste may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE The single LAS homologues C10 to C14 can be determined by this Technical Specification.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a procedure for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sludge, treated biowaste and soil after extraction with a 1 mol/l potassium chloride solution. The extraction method is suitable for fresh samples.
The determination of nitrogen fractions can be done manually or by automated methods.
- Technical specification13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of nonylphenols (NP), nonylphenol-monoethoxylates (NP1EO) and nonylphenol-diethoxylates (NP2EO) in sludge using GC-MS.
For sludge a limit of detection of 0,1 mg/kg and for soil and treated bio-waste 0,02 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be achieved.
Lower limits of detection may be achieved by concentrating the extract by solvent evaporation.
NOTE 4-tert-octylphenol can also be analysed with this method.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the thickenability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the settleability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the capillary suction time. This document is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the compressibility of sludges, conditioned or not.
This document is applicable to sludges and sludge suspensions from:
storm water handling;
urban wastewater collecting systems;
urban wastewater treatment plants;
treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origin.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the capillary suction time. This document is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the thickenability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the settleability of sludge suspensions. This document is applicable to sludge suspensions from:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271 EEC);
¾ water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the compressibility of sludges, conditioned or not.
This document is applicable to sludges and sludge suspensions from:
storm water handling;
urban wastewater collecting systems;
urban wastewater treatment plants;
treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);
water supply treatment plants.
This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origin.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a procedure for complete digestion of raw/digested sludge, suitable for the subsequent determination of phosphorus.
Phosphorus in environmental samples can be present in many forms. This method of pre-treatment enables the analyst to determine all forms - i.e. total phosphorus, by quantitative oxidation yielding an aqueous solution of orthophosphate which should be analysed for phosphate according to method EN ISO 6878, EN ISO 10304-2 or an equivalent validated method.
The range of the method is up to 50 g/kg P assuming appropriate dilution of the digest in the final measurement step.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a procedure for complete digestion of raw/digested sludge, suitable for the subsequent determination of phosphorus.
Phosphorus in environmental samples can be present in many forms. This method of pre-treatment enables the analyst to determine all forms - i.e. total phosphorus, by quantitative oxidation yielding an aqueous solution of orthophosphate which should be analysed for phosphate according to method EN ISO 6878, EN ISO 10304-2 or an equivalent validated method.
The range of the method is up to 50 g/kg P assuming appropriate dilution of the digest in the final measurement step.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives indication on sludge utilisation within reclamation programmes of disturbed land.
This Technical Report is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308; for example:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC [18]);
¾ water supply treatment plants;
¾ water distribution systems;
¾ sludge derived materials;
¾ but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
NOTE Because of the wide range of reclamation sites where sludge use as a soil ameliorate or source of plant nutrients is beneficial, and the different potential final uses of these sites, recommendations for application should be considered on a site-by-site basis. It is far beyond the scope of these guidelines to describe all the possible situations and the individual ways in which sludge could be used. The aim is to address, in a general qualitative way, the key issues which will determine in each particular case whether, how much and which type of sludge can be used.
Planning considerations (clause 5) are emphasised due to the fact that a general scheme can be adopted as a
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives indication on sludge utilisation within reclamation programmes of disturbed land.
This Technical Report is applicable to sludges described in the scope of CEN/TC 308; for example:
¾ storm water handling;
¾ urban wastewater collecting systems;
¾ urban wastewater treatment plants;
¾ treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC [18]);
¾ water supply treatment plants;
¾ water distribution systems;
¾ sludge derived materials;
¾ but excluding hazardous sludges from industry.
NOTE Because of the wide range of reclamation sites where sludge use as a soil ameliorate or source of plant nutrients is beneficial, and the different potential final uses of these sites, recommendations for application should be considered on a site-by-site basis. It is far beyond the scope of these guidelines to describe all the possible situations and the individual ways in which sludge could be used. The aim is to address, in a general qualitative way, the key issues which will determine in each particular case whether, how much and which type of sludge can be used.
Planning considerations (clause 5) are emphasised due to the fact that a general scheme can be adopted as a
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Draft61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Draft57 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Draft51 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Draft49 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The determination of the specific electrical conductivity is carried out to obtain an indication of the content of water-soluble electrolytes in soil, treated biowaste and sludge.
WARNING — Persons using this Technical Specification should be familiar with usual laboratory practice. This Technical Specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this Technical Specification be carried out by suitably trained staff.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature and origin of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (mass fraction) of dry residue or more than 1 % (mass fraction) of water.
Method A applies to sludge, treated biowaste, soil and solid waste, Method B applies to liquid waste and to samples which are suspected or known to contain volatiles except for water.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This draft European Standard specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
(...)
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, limit of application of 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
Sludge and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PCBs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table 2) in sludge, soil and treated biowaste using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see also Annex B).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Typically, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be ensured for each individual PAH. This depends on instrument and sample.
Sludge, soil and treated biowaste can differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PAHs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. Two general lines are followed, an agitation procedure (shaking) or use of soxhlet/pressurized liquid extraction.
NOTE Other PAH compounds can also be analysed with this method, provided suitability has been proven.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification specifies the quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (see Table 2) in sludge, soil and treated biowaste using GC-MS and HPLC-UV-DAD/FLD covering a wide range of PAH contamination levels (see also Annex B).
When using fluorescence detection, acenaphthylene cannot be measured.
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Typically, a lower limit of application of 0,01 mg/kg (expressed as dry matter) may be ensured for each individual PAH. This depends on instrument and sample.
Sludge, soil and treated biowaste may differ in properties and also in the expected contamination levels of PAHs and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This Technical Specification contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. Two general lines are followed, an agitation procedure (shaking) or use of soxhlet/pressurised liquid extraction.
NOTE Other PAH compounds can also be analysed with this method, provided suitability has been proven.
- Standard + National Annex and/or Foreword45 pagesForeword and/or annex in Slovenian language, body of the standard in English languagee-Library read for1 day
- Draft43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 86/278/EEC covers "Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture". There are 90 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 86/278/EEC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 86/278/EEC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.