C27.40 - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Flexural strengths, as determined by Test Method C947, are used for quality control and design of GFRC products and may be used to verify compliance with specifications and to collect data in research and development programs. It is, therefore, important that coupons be prepared according to a standard practice. The coupons are used to make test specimens for Test Method C947 and for Test Method C1229 to determine the amount of glass fiber reinforcement per unit volume of GFRC for quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers preparation of test coupons to be used in tests of plant manufactured thin-section glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile loads determined by this test method are useful for quality control of GFRC architectural panels manufactured using the steel panel frame support design. In addition, test results may be used to verify compliance with governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tensile load capacity of glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) bonding pads used for attaching steel anchors to GFRC architectural panels.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other cementitious based products.  
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.  
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.  
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete products, ascertaining compliance with the governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural ultimate strength in bending and the yield strength of glass-fiber reinforced concrete sections by the use of a simple beam of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) or less in depth using third-point loading.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural cementitious panels and defines minimum performance requirements for structural cementitious sheathing panels with respect to structural performance, dimensional stability performance, dimensional tolerance, noncombustibility, surface burning characteristics, long-term durability, water durability, mold resistance, density, moment capacity, and bending stiffness. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels that can be used as floor, roof, and wall sheathing when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the appropriate span rating. Qualification procedures and initial testing methods shall be conducted to demonstrate the performance characteristics of the panels. Statistical analysis shall also be performed for sampling and inspection of the panel samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels. Structural cementitious panels can be used as floor, roof and wall sheathing when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the appropriate span rating.  
1.2 This specification defines minimum performance requirements for structural cementitious sheathing panels with respect to structural performance, dimensional stability performance, dimensional tolerance, noncombustibility, surface burning characteristics, long-term durability, water durability, mold resistance, density, moment capacity and bending stiffness.  
1.3 This specification also defines a policy to assure on-going product quality by detecting changes in panel properties that may adversely affect panel performance. Required audits of quality activities by a third party quality assurance agency are also defined.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.  
Note 1: This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The basis for this test as an indicator of the long term behavior of fiber reinforced composites is that elevated temperature and moisture content accelerate the formation of the products of hydration of the cement in the matrix, particularly calcium hydroxide.  
3.1.1 It is known that the interaction of these products of hydration, particularly calcium hydroxide, with the fibers can have a major effect on the long-term properties of the composites.  
3.1.2 The principal mechanism that occurs is that the calcium hydroxide forms within the bundles of filaments that form the glass fiber strand. This gradually bonds the filaments together, which reduces filament pull-out. This causes a reduction in the strain capacity of the composite, thereby reducing the strength of the composite and changing the composite from a ductile material to an increasingly brittle material.  
3.1.3 Accelerating the formation of the hydration products accelerates their interaction with the fibers, hence accelerating the aging of the composite.  
3.2 The data developed from this test are used by researchers and manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performance of different mixtures, reinforcements, mixture components, and to provide data for the development of design procedures for products made from these composites.  
3.2.1 The recorded data also provides screening information as new matrices and reinforcements are developed.  
3.3 The usefulness of the test as an indicator of long term composite performance is valid if the only reactions that are accelerated are those that occur more slowly under natural weathering, hot water can induce effects in some composites, for instance those containing acrylic polymer, that may not occur in natural weathering. This test method may not be a valid indicator of long-term performance of such composites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a way of accelerating the aging of glass fiber reinforced cementitious composites in order to develop data that will indicate real-life natural weathering performance.  
1.2 The coupons prepared for this test method will be tested using Test Method C947.  
1.3 This test method can be used to age coupons for other test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. The panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced. Water absorption, density, moment capacity, and bending stiffness test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span rating in inches.  
1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating products cited in Specification C1705/C1705M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Glass fiber contents, determined by this test method, are useful for quality control of GFRC products to ensure that manufacturing equipment has been set up to deliver the correct proportions of glass fiber reinforcement in a GFRC composite.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fiber content in an uncured, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) sample panel.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. The panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced. Water absorption, density, moment capacity, and bending stiffness test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span rating in inches.  
1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating products cited in Specification C1705/C1705M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural cementitious panels and defines minimum performance requirements for structural cementitious sheathing panels with respect to structural performance, dimensional stability performance, dimensional tolerance, noncombustibility, surface burning characteristics, long-term durability, water durability, mold resistance, density, moment capacity, and bending stiffness. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels that can be used as floor, roof, and wall sheathing when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the appropriate span rating. Qualification procedures and initial testing methods shall be conducted to demonstrate the performance characteristics of the panels. Statistical analysis shall also be performed for sampling and inspection of the panel samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels. Structural cementitious panels can be used as floor, roof and wall sheathing when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the appropriate span rating.  
1.2 This specification defines minimum performance requirements for structural cementitious sheathing panels with respect to structural performance, dimensional stability performance, dimensional tolerance, noncombustibility, surface burning characteristics, long-term durability, water durability, mold resistance, density, moment capacity and bending stiffness.  
1.3 This specification also defines a policy to assure on-going product quality by detecting changes in panel properties that may adversely affect panel performance. Required audits of quality activities by a third party quality assurance agency are also defined.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.  
Note 1: This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The basis for this test as an indicator of the long term behavior of fiber reinforced composites is that elevated temperature and moisture content accelerate the formation of the products of hydration of the cement in the matrix, particularly calcium hydroxide.  
3.1.1 It is known that the interaction of these products of hydration, particularly calcium hydroxide, with the fibers can have a major effect on the long-term properties of the composites.  
3.1.2 The principal mechanism that occurs is that the calcium hydroxide forms within the bundles of filaments that form the glass fiber strand. This gradually bonds the filaments together, which reduces filament pull-out. This causes a reduction in the strain capacity of the composite, thereby reducing the strength of the composite and changing the composite from a ductile material to an increasingly brittle material.  
3.1.3 Accelerating the formation of the hydration products accelerates their interaction with the fibers, hence accelerating the aging of the composite.  
3.2 The data developed from this test are used by researchers and manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performance of different mixtures, reinforcements, mixture components, and to provide data for the development of design procedures for products made from these composites.  
3.2.1 The recorded data also provides screening information as new matrices and reinforcements are developed.  
3.3 The usefulness of the test as an indicator of long term composite performance is valid if the only reactions that are accelerated are those that occur more slowly under natural weathering, hot water can induce effects in some composites, for instance those containing acrylic polymer, that may not occur in natural weathering. This test method may not be a valid indicator of long-term performance of such composites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a way of accelerating the aging of glass fiber reinforced cementitious composites in order to develop data that will indicate real-life natural weathering performance.  
1.2 The coupons prepared for this test method will be tested using Test Method C947.  
1.3 This test method can be used to age coupons for other test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete products, ascertaining compliance with the governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural ultimate strength in bending and the yield strength of glass-fiber reinforced concrete sections by the use of a simple beam of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) or less in depth using third-point loading.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Glass fiber contents, determined by this test method, are useful for quality control of GFRC products to ensure that manufacturing equipment has been set up to deliver the correct proportions of glass fiber reinforcement in a GFRC composite.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fiber content in an uncured, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) sample panel.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile loads determined by this test method are useful for quality control of GFRC architectural panels manufactured using the steel panel frame support design. In addition, test results may be used to verify compliance with governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tensile load capacity of glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) bonding pads used for attaching steel anchors to GFRC architectural panels.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Flexural strengths, as determined by Test Method C947, are used for quality control and design of GFRC products and may be used to verify compliance with specifications and to collect data in research and development programs. It is, therefore, important that coupons be prepared according to a standard practice. The coupons are used to make test specimens for Test Method C947 and for Test Method C1229 to determine the amount of glass fiber reinforcement per unit volume of GFRC for quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers preparation of test coupons to be used in tests of plant manufactured thin-section glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other cementitious based products.  
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.  
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.  
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span rating in inches.  
1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating products cited in Specification C1705/C1705M.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tensile loads determined by this test method are useful for quality control of GFRC architectural panels manufactured using the steel panel frame support design. In addition, test results may be used to verify compliance with governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tensile load capacity of glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) bonding pads used for attaching steel anchors to GFRC architectural panels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The basis for this test as an indicator of the long term behavior of fiber reinforced composites is that elevated temperature and moisture content accelerate the formation of the products of hydration of the cement in the matrix, particularly calcium hydroxide.
It is known that the interaction of these products of hydration, particularly calcium hydroxide, with the fibers can have a major effect on the long-term properties of the composites.
The principal mechanism that occurs is that the calcium hydroxide forms within the bundles of filaments that form the glass fiber strand. This gradually bonds the filaments together, which reduces filament pull-out. This causes a reduction in the strain capacity of the composite, thereby reducing the strength of the composite and changing the composite from a ductile material to an increasingly brittle material.
Accelerating the formation of the hydration products accelerates their interaction with the fibers, hence accelerating the aging of the composite.
The data developed from this test are used by researchers and manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performance of different mixtures, reinforcements, mixture components, and to provide data for the development of design procedures for products made from these composites.
The recorded data also provides screening information as new matrices and reinforcements are developed.
The usefulness of the test as an indicator of long term composite performance is valid if the only reactions that are accelerated are those that occur more slowly under natural weathering, hot water can induce effects in some composites, for instance those containing acrylic polymer, that may not occur in natural weathering. This test method may not be a valid indicator of long-term performance of such composites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a way of accelerating the aging of glass fiber reinforced cementitious composites in order to develop data that will indicate real-life natural weathering performance.
1.2 The coupons prepared for this test method will be tested using Test Method C 947.
1.3 This test method can be used to age coupons for other test methods.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
Note 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flexural properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete products, ascertaining compliance with the governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural ultimate strength in bending and the yield strength of glass-fiber reinforced concrete sections by the use of a simple beam of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) or less in depth using third-point loading.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Glass fiber contents, determined by this test method, are useful for quality control of GFRC products to ensure that manufacturing equipment has been set up to deliver the correct proportions of glass fiber reinforcement in a GFRC composite.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fiber content in an uncured, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) sample panel.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flexural strengths, as determined by Test Method C 947, are used for quality control and design of GFRC products and may be used to verify compliance with specifications and to collect data in research and development programs. It is, therefore, important that coupons be prepared according to a standard practice. The coupons are used to make test specimens for Test Method C 947 and for Test Method C 1229 to determine the amount of glass fiber reinforcement per unit volume of GFRC for quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers preparation of test coupons to be used in tests of plant manufactured thin-section glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels. Structural cementitious panels can be used as floor, roof and wall sheathing when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the appropriate span rating.
1.2 This specification defines minimum performance requirements for structural cementitious sheathing panels with respect to structural performance, dimensional stability performance, dimensional tolerance, noncombustibility, surface burning characteristics, long-term durability, water durability, mold resistance, density, moment capacity and bending stiffness.
1.3 This specification also defines a policy to assure on-going product quality by detecting changes in panel properties that may adversely affect panel performance. Required audits of quality activities by a third party quality assurance agency are also defined.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing of structural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panels are non-combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganic composite panels intended for use as structural panels when fastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span rating in inches.  
1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating products cited in Specification C 1705/C 1705M.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other cementitious based products.
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other cementitious based products.
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tensile loads determined by this test method are useful for quality control of GFRC architectural panels manufactured using the steel panel frame support design. In addition, test results may be used to verify compliance with governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tensile load capacity of glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) bonding pads used for attaching steel anchors to GFRC architectural panels.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flexural strengths, as determined by Test Method C 947, are used for quality control and design of GFRC products and may be used to verify compliance with specifications and to collect data in research and development programs. It is, therefore, important that coupons be prepared according to a standard practice. The coupons are used to make test specimens for Test Method C 947 and for Test Method C 1229 to determine the amount of glass fiber reinforcement per unit volume of GFRC for quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers preparation of test coupons to be used in tests of plant manufactured thin-section glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC).
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flexural properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete products, ascertaining compliance with the governing specifications, research and development, and generating data for use in product design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural ultimate strength in bending and the yield strength of glass-fiber reinforced concrete sections by the use of a simple beam of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) or less in depth using third-point loading.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The basis for this test as an indicator of the long term behavior of fiber reinforced composites is that elevated temperature and moisture content accelerate the formation of the products of hydration of the cement in the matrix, particularly calcium hydroxide.
3.1.1 It is known that the interaction of these products of hydration, particularly calcium hydroxide, with the fibers can have a major effect on the long-term properties of the composites.
3.1.2 The principal mechanism that occurs is that the calcium hydroxide forms within the bundles of filaments that form the glass fiber strand. This gradually bonds the filaments together, which reduces filament pull-out. This causes a reduction in the strain capacity of the composite, thereby reducing the strength of the composite and changing the composite from a ductile material to an increasingly brittle material.
3.1.3 Accelerating the formation of the hydration products accelerates their interaction with the fibers, hence accelerating the aging of the composite.
The data developed from this test are used by researchers and manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performance of different mixtures, reinforcements, mixture components, and to provide data for the development of design procedures for products made from these composites.
3.2.1 The recorded data also provides screening information as new matrices and reinforcements are developed.
The usefulness of the test as an indicator of long term composite performance is valid if the only reactions that are accelerated are those that occur more slowly under natural weathering, hot water can induce effects in some composites, for instance those containing acrylic polymer, that may not occur in natural weathering. This test method may not be a valid indicator of long-term performance of such composites.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a way of accelerating the aging of glass fiber reinforced cementitious composites in order to develop data that will indicate real-life natural weathering performance.
1.2 The coupons prepared for this test method will be tested using Test Method C 947.
1.3 This test method can be used to age coupons for other test methods.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the modulus of rupture in bending and the flexural proportional elastic limit of glass-fiber reinforced concrete sections by the use of a simple beam of 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) or less in depth using third-point loading.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the tensile load capacity of glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) bonding pads used for attaching steel anchors to GFRC architectural panels.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers preparation of test coupons to be used in tests of plant manufactured thin-section glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fiber content in an uncured, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) sample panel.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Glass fiber contents, determined by this test method, are useful for quality control of GFRC products to ensure that manufacturing equipment has been set up to deliver the correct proportions of glass fiber reinforcement in a GFRC composite.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fiber content in an uncured, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) sample panel.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
Note 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered "impermeable" and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.
Note 1—This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered "impermeable" and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.
Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.