D18.14 - Geotechnics of Sustainable Construction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of recycled aggregate base has become commonplace in transportation applications.  
4.2 RAB may be used alone or in mixtures with other aggregate materials (virgin and/or recycled) in the production of unbound base course materials.  
4.3 Quality of RAB is critical for successful reuse in pavement base applications. This practice is intended to provide a common baseline framework for assuring material, operator, and facility quality for production of RAB.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers selected aspects for reclamation of recycled aggregate base (RAB) material derived from asphalt pavement or concrete. RAB may be called recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).  
1.2 This practice is provided related to material quality, material quality control testing, and also operator and facility qualifications.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of reclaimed asphalt shingles in asphalt production has become commonplace in transportation applications.  
4.2 Use of reclaimed asphalt shingles in unbound applications, such as granular fill, alone or in mixtures with other materials, is developing.  
4.3 The quality of RAS is critical for successful reuse of the shingles in asphalt production and other unbound applications. Various specifications are used regarding RAS.  
4.4 This practice provides a common baseline framework for assuring material, operator, and facility quality for RAS production.  
4.5 This practice provides sourcing, inspecting, sampling, testing, and stockpiling requirements for RAS operators.  
4.6 This practice includes a certification form that is used for quality control and quality assurance for the facility, operations, and incoming material and outgoing product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers reclamation of asphalt shingles derived from manufacturing scrap and tear-off roofing. Reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) are used in roadway and other applications including asphalt paving materials and unbound materials such as granular fill.  
1.2 Guidance is provided relating to material quality, material quality control, and also operator and facility qualifications.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Earthwork associated with highway construction provides an opportunity for high volume reuse of green foundry sands discarded by the foundry industry. This practice covers methods and recommendations to use of foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
4.2 This practice describes the unique construction considerations that may apply to foundry sands. The behavior may vary due to specific composition of the material and local conditions.  
4.3 The use of foundry sand in embankment and structural fill may be regulated by local, state/provincial/regional, or national/federal regulations. These regulations should be consulted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers methods to use foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
1.2 This practice includes recommended construction (Section 5), compaction control (Section 6), and freeze-thaw durability (Section 7) practices.  
1.3 The engineer should be aware that foundry sand is a by-product of metal casting industries. Various local, state/provincial/regional, or national/federal environmental laws and regulations may apply if foundry sand is used as an alternative embankment or fill material. It is advised that foundry sand users contact appropriate environmental regulators to determine what requirements or limitations may exist.  
1.4 This standard primarily applies to green foundry sand and also generally to chemically bonded foundry sand.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure one-dimensional vertical flow of water through initially saturated samples of materials derived from scrap tires under an applied hydraulic gradient. Hydraulic conductivity is required in various civil engineering applications of scrap tires.  
4.2 Samples are to be tested at a unit weight and under an overburden pressure representative of field conditions. Data from the literature indicate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity with increasing vertical pressure (1).  
4.3 Use of a dual-ring permeameter is included in this test method in addition to a single-ring permeameter. The dual-ring permeameter allows for minimizing potential adverse effects of sidewall leakage on measured hydraulic conductivity of the test specimens. The use of a bottom plate with an inner ring with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the permeameter and two outflow ports (one from the inner ring, one from the annular space between the inner ring and the permeameter) allows for separating the flow from the central part of the test specimen from the flow near the sidewall of the permeameter.  
4.4 Darcy's law is assumed to be valid, flow is assumed to be laminar (Reynolds number less than approximately 2000–3000), and the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be essentially independent of hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy's law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of a specimen at three hydraulic gradients. The discharge velocity (v = k × i) is plotted against the applied hydraulic gradient. If the resulting relationship is linear and the measured hydraulic conductivity values are similar (i.e., within 25 %), then Darcy’s law may be taken as valid.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent of the competence of the personnel using this standard and the suitability of the equipment and facilities. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competen...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of water-saturated samples obtained from materials derived from scrap tires using a rigid-wall permeameter. The scrap tire materials covered in this method include tire chips, tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate (TDA) as described in Practice D6270 with particle sizes ranging from approximately 12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not included in this standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and shred size has not been established at a given vertical pressure for shreds ≥50 mm (1).2  
1.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a single-ring permeameter to take into account and prevent short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the permeameter. The effects of sidewall flow is more significant at high stresses and when the cell diameter is less than 6 times the particle size (1).  
1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.  
1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method.  
1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination of hydraulic conductivity of materials derived from scrap tires with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions in a rigid-wall permeameter. Method D2434 includes the use of a permeameter with a single ring.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the US, even though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This int...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Self-cementing coal fly ashes are suitable materials for the stabilization of soils, recycled pavement materials and road surface gravel. Fly ash stabilization can result in improved properties, including increased stiffness, strength and freeze-thaw durability; reduced hydraulic conductivity, plasticity, and swelling; and increased control of soil compressibility and moisture. Fly ash stabilized materials (FASM) may be used in roadway construction, such as working platforms during construction, stabilized subgrade, subbase, and base layers. Fly ash stabilization can also be used in limiting settlement of fills below buildings.  
4.2 This practice is intended for use with self-cementing fly ash that can be used individually or along with other stabilizing admixtures to improve soil properties.  
4.3 The practice describes the unique design considerations that may apply to stabilization of soils and soil-like materials with self-cementing coal fly ash. The requirements for stabilization of specific materials may vary due to local conditions or the intended use of the stabilized material, or both.  
4.3.1 This practice is not intended to limit the flexibility of design in stabilization. The degree of success attained in stabilization with coal fly ash is highly dependent on the particular combination of soil, fly ash, and other additives and the construction procedure used. The selection of appropriate materials, applicable tests, acceptance criteria, and specification is the responsibility of the design engineer.  
4.4 The test methods in this practice are intended for the determination of mechanical properties of FASM. The characterization of mechanical property improvement with self-cementing fly ash will assist in the evaluation of the fly ash stabilized materials.  
4.5 The use of self-cementing fly ash in geotechnical engineering applications may be regulated by state and local codes. The codes should be consulted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials using self-cementing coal fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification D5239.  
1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime.  
1.3 The test methods in this practice are applicable to the characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. Follow Practice D75/D75M for sampling purposes. There are other related fly ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and related design and construction considerations.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or rep...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Self-cementing coal fly ashes are suitable materials for the stabilization of soils, recycled pavement materials and road surface gravel. Fly ash stabilization can result in improved properties, including increased stiffness, strength and freeze-thaw durability; reduced hydraulic conductivity, plasticity, and swelling; and increased control of soil compressibility and moisture. Fly ash stabilized materials (FASM) may be used in roadway construction, such as working platforms during construction, stabilized subgrade, subbase, and base layers. Fly ash stabilization can also be used in limiting settlement of fills below buildings.  
4.2 This practice is intended for use with self-cementing fly ash that can be used individually or along with other stabilizing admixtures to improve soil properties.  
4.3 The practice describes the unique design considerations that may apply to stabilization of soils and soil-like materials with self-cementing coal fly ash. The requirements for stabilization of specific materials may vary due to local conditions or the intended use of the stabilized material, or both.  
4.3.1 This practice is not intended to limit the flexibility of design in stabilization. The degree of success attained in stabilization with coal fly ash is highly dependent on the particular combination of soil, fly ash, and other additives and the construction procedure used. The selection of appropriate materials, applicable tests, acceptance criteria, and specification is the responsibility of the design engineer.  
4.4 The test methods in this practice are intended for the determination of mechanical properties of FASM. The characterization of mechanical property improvement with self-cementing fly ash will assist in the evaluation of the fly ash stabilized materials.  
4.5 The use of self-cementing fly ash in geotechnical engineering applications may be regulated by state and local codes. The codes should be consulted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials using self-cementing coal fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification D5239.  
1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime.  
1.3 The test methods in this practice are applicable to the characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. Follow Practice D75 for sampling purposes. There are other related fly ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and related design and construction considerations.  
1.4 The standard units are the SI units, unless other units are specified.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Earthwork associated with highway construction provides an opportunity for high volume reuse of green foundry sands discarded by the foundry industry. This practice covers methods and recommendations to use of foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
4.2 This practice describes the unique construction considerations that may apply to foundry sands. The behavior may vary due to specific composition of the material and local conditions.  
4.3 The use of foundry sand in embankment and structural fill may be regulated by local, state/provincial/regional, or national/federal regulations. These regulations should be consulted.  
4.4 This practice is intended for use with green foundry sands where bentonite is used as the binder. It may not be applicable for chemically bonded foundry sands.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers methods to use foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
1.2 This practice includes recommended construction (Section 5), compaction control (Section 6), and freeze-thaw durability (Section 7) practices.  
1.3 The engineer should be aware that foundry sand is a by-product of metal casting industries. Various local, state/provincial/regional, or national/federal environmental laws and regulations may apply if foundry sand is used as an alternative embankment or fill material. It is advised that foundry sand users contact appropriate environmental regulators to determine what requirements or limitations may exist.  
1.4 This standard applies to both green foundry sand and chemically bonded foundry sand.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of recycled aggregate base has become commonplace in transportation applications.  
4.2 RAB may be used alone or in mixtures with other aggregate materials (virgin and/or recycled) in the production of unbound base course materials.  
4.3 Quality of RAB is critical for successful reuse in pavement base applications. This practice is intended to provide a common baseline framework for assuring material, operator, and facility quality for production of RAB.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers selected aspects for reclamation of recycled aggregate base (RAB) material derived from asphalt pavement or concrete. RAB may be called recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).  
1.2 This practice is provided related to material quality, material quality control testing, and also operator and facility qualifications.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Earthwork associated with highway construction provides an opportunity for high volume reuse of green foundry sands discarded by the foundry industry. This practice covers methods and recommendations to use of foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
4.2 This practice describes the unique construction considerations that may apply to foundry sands. The behavior may vary due to specific composition of the material and local conditions.  
4.3 The use of foundry sand in embankment and structural fill may be regulated by state and local codes. These codes should be consulted.  
4.4 This practice is intended for use with green foundry sands where bentonite is used as the binder. It may not be applicable for chemically bonded foundry sands.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers methods to use foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
1.2 It includes recommended construction (Section 5), compaction control (Section 6), and freeze-thaw durability (Section 7) practices.  
1.3 The engineer should be aware that foundry sand is a by-product of metal casting industries. Various state, county, and local environmental laws and regulations may apply if foundry sand is used as an alternative embankment or fill material. It is advised that foundry sand users contact state, county, and local environmental regulators to determine what requirements or limitations may exist.  
1.4 This standard applies to both green foundry sand and chemically bonded foundry sand.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure one-dimensional vertical flow of water through initially saturated TDAs under an applied hydraulic gradient. Hydraulic conductivity is required in various civil engineering applications of TDAs.  
4.2 TDAs are to be tested at a unit weight and under an overburden pressure representative of field conditions. Data from the literature indicate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity with increasing vertical pressure (1).  
4.3 Use of a dual-ring permeameter is included in this test method in addition to a single-ring permeameter. The dual-ring permeameter allows for minimizing potential adverse effects of sidewall leakage on measured hydraulic conductivity of the test specimens. The use of a bottom plate with an inner ring with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the permeameter and two outflow ports (one from the inner ring, one from the annular space between the inner ring and the permeameter) allows for separating the flow from the central part of the test specimen from the flow near the sidewall of the permeameter.  
4.4 Darcy's law is assumed to be valid, flow is assumed to be laminar (Reynolds number less than approximately 2000–3000), and the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be essentially independent of hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy's law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of a specimen at three hydraulic gradients. The discharge velocity (v = k × i) is plotted against the applied hydraulic gradient. If the resulting relationship is linear and the measured hydraulic conductivity values are similar (i.e., within 25 %), then Darcy’s law may be taken as valid.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent of the competence of the personnel using this standard and the suitability of the equipment and facilities. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of water-saturated tired derived aggregates (TDA) obtained from scrap tires using a rigid-wall permeameter. The tire materials covered in this method include tire chips, tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate (TDA) as described in Practice D6270 with particle sizes ranging from approximately 12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not included in this standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and shred size has not been established at a given vertical pressure for shreds ≥50 mm (1).2  
1.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a single-ring permeameter to take into account and prevent short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the permeameter. The effects of sidewall flow is more significant at high stresses and when the cell diameter is less than 6 times the particle size (1).  
1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.  
1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method.  
1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination of hydraulic conductivity of TDAs with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions in a rigid-wall permeameter. Method D2434 includes the use of a permeameter with a single ring.  
1.6 The standard units for the hydraulic conductivity values are the SI units, unless other units are specified. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the U.S., even though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Self-cementing coal fly ashes are suitable materials for the stabilization of soils, recycled pavement materials and road surface gravel. Fly ash stabilization can result in improved properties, including increased stiffness, strength and freeze-thaw durability; reduced hydraulic conductivity, plasticity, and swelling; and increased control of soil compressibility and moisture. Fly ash stabilized materials (FASM) may be used in roadway construction, such as working platforms during construction, stabilized subgrade, subbase, and base layers. Fly ash stabilization can also be used in limiting settlement of fills below buildings.
This guide is intended for use with self-cementing fly ash that can be used separately or along with other stabilizing admixtures to improve soil properties.
The guide describes the unique design considerations that may apply to stabilization of soils and soil-like materials with self-cementing coal fly ash. The requirements for stabilization of specific materials may vary due to local conditions or the intended use of the stabilized material, or both.
This guide is not intended to limit the flexibility of design in stabilization. The degree of success attained in stabilization with coal fly ash is highly dependent on the particular combination of soil, fly ash, and other additives and the construction procedure used. The selection of appropriate materials, applicable tests, acceptance criteria, and specification is the responsibility of the design engineer.
The test methods in this guide are intended for the determination of mechanical properties of FASM. The characterization of mechanical property improvement with self-cementing fly ash will assist in the evaluation of the fly ash stabilized materials.
The use of self-cementing fly ash in geotechnical engineering application may be regulated by state and local codes. The codes should be consulted.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design of stabilization of soil and soil-like materials using self-cementing coal fly ash for roadway applications, treatment of expansive subgrade or organic subgrade, and limiting settlement of fills below buildings. The coal fly ash covered in this method includes self-cementing fly ashes described in Specification D5239.  
1.2 The testing and engineering practices for self-cementing coal fly ash are similar to generally accepted practices for soil stabilization with fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime.
1.3 The test methods in this guide are applicable to the characterization of mechanical properties of in situ mixed self-cementing fly ash stabilized materials. There are other related fly ash stabilization standards. Practice D5239 can be used to characterize the general types of fly ash for use in soil stabilization. Specification C593 can be used to evaluate the performance of fly ash and other pozzolans that require lime soil stabilization. Guide E2277 can be used to characterize properties of fly ash and bottom ash in structural fills and related design and construction considerations.
1.4 The standard units are the SI units, unless other units are specified.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied with...

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equipment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surface water, and ground water at waste sites known or suspected of containing low level radioactive wastes.  
1.2 This practice is applicable at sites where low level radioactive wastes are known or suspected to exist. This practice may also be applicable for the decontamination of equipment used in known or suspected transuranic, or mixed wastes when used by itself or in conjunction with Practice D5088.  
1.3 Procedures are contained in this practice for the decontamination of equipment that comes into contact with the sample matrix (sample contacting equipment), and for ancillary equipment that has not contacted the sample, but may have become contaminated during use (non-contacting equipment).  
1.4 This practice is applicable to most conventional sampling equipment constructed of metallic and hard, smooth synthetic materials. Materials with rough or porous surfaces, or having a high sorption rate should not be used in radioactive waste sampling due to the difficulties with decontamination.
1.5 In those cases where sampling will be periodically performed, such as sampling of wells, consideration should be given to the use of dedicated sampling equipment if legitimate concerns exist for the production of undesirable or unmanageable waste byproducts, or both, during the decontamination of tools and equipment.  
1.6 This practice does not address regulatory requirements for personnel protection or decontamination, or for the handling, labeling, shipping or storing of wastes, or samples. Specific radiological release requirements and limits must be determined by users in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.
1.7 For additional information see DOE Publication DOE/EH-0256T, DOE Order 5480.5, DOE Order 5480.11, and 10CFR, Part 834.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of distribution ratios of chemical species for site-specific geological media by a batch sorption technique. It is a short-term laboratory method primarily intended for ionic species subject to migration in granular porous material, and the application of the results to long-term field behavior is not known. Distribution ratios for radionuclides in selected geomedia are commonly determined for the purpose of assessing potential migratory behavior at waste repositories. This test method is also applicable to studies of intrusion waters and for parametric studies of the effects of variables and of mechanisms which determine the measured distribution ratios.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes that can be used as replacements for natural material such as soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of applicable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection are the responsibility of the design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of waste materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters.
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering practices and test procedures that may be applied to process waste for use as structural fill.
1.3 This guide includes approaches for the environmental assessment of process wastes prior to application.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this guide was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.