C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to determine water vapor transmission rate of materials by means of a simple gravimetric procedure.  
5.2 Test Conditions:  
5.2.1 A WVTR result obtained in one method under one set of test conditions cannot be used to predict the result that would be obtained using the same method with a different set of conditions, or using the other method. See Appendix X3 for discussion of determining dependency of WVTR on different relative humidity (at a given temperature).  
5.2.2 Test conditions that are commonly used or are considered standard in various industries or research applications are listed as Procedures A-E in Appendix X1, but use of these conditions is not mandatory in the methods herein.  
5.2.3 Given the caution in 5.2.1, the selection of test conditions that closely approach exposure conditions of material in actual use is advised when possible.  
5.2.4 Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, test conditions are typically defined in codes, specifications, and manufacturer’s technical literature.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.  
5.3 This test method is to be used for comparative qualitative testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.  
1.2 This test method does not prescribe the method of application, test duration, or inspection intervals.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor retarder finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Sag Resistance (Build)  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, for a specified temperature, by means of a specified laboratory procedure, the values of the equilibrium moisture content at various levels of RH. These values are used either as means to characterize the material or as material characteristics needed as input to appropriate computer models that can simulate wetting or drying potential of individual building materials or material assemblies under specified environmental conditions.  
4.2 A specified value of the equilibrium moisture content can also be used for material characterization. If this type of material characterization is called for in a material specification (for example, mineral or cellulose fiber insulation), the equilibrium at 95 ± 3 %RH shall be used.  
4.3 For ease and repeatability of measurements, the measurements for characterization are performed on adsorption isotherms. Though desorption is the reverse of adsorption, most porous materials reach different equilibrium levels during these two processes. Usually, the equilibrium moisture content on the desorption isotherm is higher than that on the adsorption isotherm for the same level of RH.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a laboratory procedure for the determination of hygroscopic sorption isotherms of any construction materials. The method was originally developed for the ASTM Thermal Insulation committee.  
1.2 For material characterization, the primary emphasis is on the adsorption isotherm (that is, sorption isotherm that describes the wetting process of the material from the oven-dry condition).  
1.3 Determination of desorption isotherm, (that is, sorption isotherm that describes the drying process of a material from the state of absolute saturation with water) is performed when information on drying characteristics of construction materials is required. Typically both adsorption and desorption isotherms are required for the purpose of hygrothermal models.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test is to obtain, by means of a specified laboratory procedure, the values of the equilibrium moisture content at higher RH levels ((≈ 95 to 100%). These values are used either as means to characterize the material or as material characteristics needed as input to appropriate computer models that can simulate wetting or drying potential of individual building materials or material assemblies under specified environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a laboratory procedure for the determination of the water retention curve (or moisture storage capacity) of porous building materials at very high relative humidity (RH) levels (≈ 95 to 100% RH) corresponding to the capillary moisture region of the sorption isotherm. This is achieved by using the pressure plate test apparatus. This technique was originally developed to study soil moisture content and eventually had been adapted to building construction materials.  
1.2 At higher RH levels (≈ 95 to 100% RH) of the sorption isotherm (see Test Method C1498), use of climatic chamber is not an option. This technique uses overpressure to extract water out of the pore structure of porous materials until equilibrium between the moisture content in the specimens and the corresponding overpressure is achieved. Using the pressure plate extractors, equilibrium can only be reached by desorption.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.15 perm (8.63 ng·Pa–1 · s–1 · m–2) or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water retention of flat specimens of rigid thermal insulation as a result of immersion in water and exposure to drying conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat specimens of rigid thermal insulations after immersion and exposure to drying conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of the insulation toward wicking can result in an increase in weight and a resultant potential degradation in the properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the tendency of, aircraft type, fibrous glass blanket insulation to wick water.  
1.2 The wicking characteristics of materials can be affected by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Values obtained as a result of this test method does not adequately describe the wicking characteristics of materials subject to conditions other than those indicated in the test method. (See Specification C800.)  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The water retention of the insulation can result in an increase in weight and a resultant potential degradation in the properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the water absorption potential of blanket insulation for aircraft, thereby providing a measure of potential weight increase due to water retention in an aircraft.  
1.2 The water repellency (or retention) characteristics of materials can be affected by conditions such as contamination or temperature of the water. Values obtained as a result of this test method does not adequately describe the water repellency characteristics of materials subject to these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 On systems operating at sub-ambient temperature, humid ambient conditions cause a vapor driving force toward the insulation. If not retarded, the driven moisture vapor is detrimental to the insulation's thermal resistance. A vapor retarder must resist degradation in order maintain its resistance to vapor passage. Degradation in this test method is induced by elevated temperature and humidity conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flexible low permeance vapor retarders for thermal insulation as classified in Specification C1136 to elevated temperature and humidity. Water vapor permeance measurement and visual inspection after exposure at elevated temperature and humidity are used to assess vapor retarder response.  
1.2 Typical vapor retarders evaluated in this test method are intended for indoor use and include foil-scrim-kraft laminates, metallized polyester-scrim-kraft laminates, treated fabrics, treated papers, films, foils, or combinations of these materials that comprise a vapor retarder material. This test method is not intended for assessment of the liquid-applied coatings, sealants, or mastics commonly used with insulation products.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In many applications, the vapor retarders used on a thermal insulation will be exposed to the temperatures listed in 7.2. Cracking or delamination of the retarder under these conditions would, in most cases, cause it to lose its effectiveness as a vapor retarder material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the visual determination of the thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders for those materials classified under Specification C1136, including plastic, foil, or paper and composites of two or more of these materials to temperatures listed in the specification or purchase contract. The vapor retarders are intended for use at temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). This test method does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form or materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exposing a specimen to conditions of one-directional environmental cycling can increase its moisture content until a decrease in material properties occurs (at a specific number of cycles). Such a test could be inappropriate due to the number of cycles required to cause a decrease in material properties since product performance issues often arise only after many years of exposure. The use of a preconditioning procedure is not intended to duplicate expected field performance. Rather the purpose is to increase the moisture content of test materials prior to subjecting to them to environmental cycling.  
5.2 The most important aspect of the preconditioning procedure is non-uniform moisture distribution in the specimen. The heat flow is one directional causing moisture flow towards the cold side resulting in zones of dry material on the warm side and high moisture content on the cold side. (Whether the high moisture content zone is located right at the cold surface of the specimen or at some distance from this surface depends upon temperature oscillation and ability of the cold surface to dry outwards). Because the preconditioning procedure involves thermal gradient, this preconditioning procedure results in a distribution of moisture content that may occur under field exposure conditions. However, the resulting moisture content may differ significantly from that which may be demonstrated in typical product applications.  
5.3 The preconditioning results in accumulation of moisture in the thermal insulation resulting from the simultaneous exposure to a difference in temperature and water vapor pressure. This test method is not intended to duplicate field exposure. It is intended to provide comparative ratings. As excessive accumulation of moisture in a construction system may adversely affect its performance, the designer should consider the potential for moisture accumulation and the possible effects of this moisture on the system performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to preformed or field manufactured thermal insulation products, such as board stock foams, rigid fibrous and composite materials manufactured with or without protective facings. See Note 1. This test method is not applicable to high temperature, reflective or loose fill insulation.  
Note 1: If the product is manufactured with a facer, test product with facer in place.  
1.2 This test method involves two stages: preconditioning and environmental cycling. During the first stage, 25 mm (1 in.) thick specimens are used to separate two environments. Each of these environments has a constant but different temperature and humidity level. During the environmental cycling stage, specimens also divide two environments namely constant room temperature/humidity on one side and cycling temperature/ambient relative humidity on the other side.  
1.3 This test method measures the ability of the product to maintain thermal performance and critical physical attributes after being subjected to standardized exposure conditions. A comparison is made between material properties for reference specimens stored in the laboratory for the test period and specimens subjected to the two-stage test method. To eliminate the effect of moisture from the comparison, the material properties of the latter test specimens are determined after they have been dried to constant weight. The average value determined for each of the two sets of specimens is used for comparison.  
1.4 Different properties can be measured to assess the effect of environmental factors on thermal insulation. This test method requires that thermal resistance be determined based upon an average for three specimens measured after completing the test. Secondary elements of this test method include visual observations such as cracking, delamination or other surface defects, as well as the change in moisture content after each of the two stages of exposure prescribed by th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water absorption of flat or cylindrical specimens of thermal insulation materials under isothermal conditions as a result of direct immersion in liquid water. It is intended for quality control and product and material specifications.  
6.2 The procedure to be used: A, B, or C as well as any exceptions shall be noted in material specifications citing this test method.  
6.3 Repeatability has been established only for one type and size of material at one immersion duration.
Note 1: Specifications referring to this test method are encouraged to establish repeatability for specific materials, immersion duration, and dimensions for inclusion in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat or cylindrical specimens of thermal insulations after these materials have been fully immersed in liquid water for a prescribed time interval under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Experience has shown that uncontrolled water entry into thermal insulation is the most serious factor causing impaired performance. Several ways exist by which water enters into an insulation system, the primary ones being diffusion of water vapor, air leakage carrying water vapor, and leakage of surface water. Application specifications for insulation systems that operate below ambient dew-point temperatures necessarily include an adequate vapor retarder system. A vapor retarder system is separate and distinct from the insulation, or is provided by the insulation itself when it is has adequate vapor resistant properties and all joints are sealed against water vapor intrusion, in which case a separate vapor retarder system is not necessary. For selection of adequate retarder systems to control vapor diffusion, it is necessary to establish acceptable practices and standards.  
4.2 Vapor Retarder Function—The primary function of a vapor retarder is to control movement of diffusing water vapor into or through a permeable insulation system. The vapor retarder system in some cases is designed to prevent entry of surface water. When properly functioning as a vapor retarder, it will also serve as a barrier to air leakage.  
4.3 Vapor Retarder Performance—Design choice of retarders will be affected by thickness of retarder materials, substrate to which applied, the number of joints, available length and width of sheet materials, useful life of the system, and inspection procedures. Each of these factors will have an effect on the retarder system performance and each must be considered and evaluated by the designer.  
4.3.1 Although this practice properly places major emphasis on selecting the best vapor retarders, it must be recognized that faulty installation is likely to impair vapor retarder performance. The effectiveness of installation or application techniques in obtaining design water vapor permeance (WVP) performance must be considered in the selection of ret...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines factors to be considered, describes design principles and procedures for water vapor retarder selection, and defines water vapor transmission values appropriate for established criteria. It is intended for the guidance of design engineers in preparing vapor retarder application specifications for control of water vapor flow through thermal insulation. It covers commercial and residential building construction and industrial applications in the service temperature range from −40 to +150°F (−40 to +66°C). Emphasis is placed on the control of moisture penetration by choice of the most suitable components of the system.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The method of preparation of test specimens of mastic thermal insulation coatings will have an impact upon values obtained during testing. Testing laboratories shall follow this practice to help ensure the reproducibility of test methods for which a cured sheet or film of a mastic thermal insulation coating is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of specimens of mastics and coatings in the form of cured sheets or films that are used in other procedures for evaluation of physical properties.  
1.2 Three procedures are described for casting and curing (Note 1) mastics and coatings of all types for thermal insulation. When reinforcing mesh in recommended by the mastics and coatings manufacturer, test specimens shall be prepared using reinforcing mesh.
Note 1: The term “cure” is used primarily to denote the condition that develops as the result of loss of volatile matter but also to denote possible subsequent changes in chemical or physical properties due to crosslinking.  
1.2.1 Procedure A is intended to provide a specimen of controlled thickness applied to the intended insulation for field use and equivalent in other respects to that obtainable under field application conditions.  
1.2.2 Procedure B is intended to provide a free-film specimen of controlled thickness having smooth surfaces on both sides. This type is required for some types of physical testing.  
1.2.3 Procedure C is intended to provide a free-film specimen of controlled thickness having one smooth surface (as field applied).  
1.3 The procedures of this practice are not intended for the evaluation of application properties. These are covered in Test Methods C461 and Guide C647.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum material requirements, and safety precautions in application, for adhesives to bond thermal insulation duct liner on the interior surfaces of sheet metal air conditioning ducts; and for coating exposed edges and joints of duct liner thermal insulation to minimize erosion of insulation fibers by air movement. Adhesives shall be classified as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. The following test methods shall be performed: bonding strength; bond retention after heat aging; flame spread and smoke developed; edge-burning test; storage stability; and precision and bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum material requirements, and safety precautions in application, for adhesives to bond thermal insulation duct liner on the interior surfaces of sheet metal air conditioning ducts; and for coating exposed edges and joints of duct liner thermal insulation to minimize erosion of insulation fibers by air movement.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections 7 and 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable and easy to determine values of liquid water transport for capillary active materials expressed in suitable units. These values are for use as part of the material properties in hygrothermal analysis tools for building envelope design and forensic studies. As the topic of liquid transport phenomena in porous materials is very complex, Appendix X1 in ISO 15148 shows some more detailed background information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines a procedure to determine the water absorption coefficient of a material by partial submersion. The scope is to evaluate the rate of absorption of water due to capillary forces for building materials in contact with normal or driving rain above grade. The procedure is typically suitable mainly for masonry material, plaster, or a coating in combination with a substrate; but it can also be used for insulation materials. This test method is designed to be used only on homogeneous materials and does not apply to materials that are composites or non-homogeneous (for example, Faced Rigid Closed-cell Insulation). It is not within the scope of this standard to determine liquid uptake phenomena in below-grade applications. The water absorption coefficient is mainly used as an input datum for numerical simulation of the combined heat and moisture transport in building envelopes for design and forensic investigation purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. However, derived results can be converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The sorption of water can result in an increase in weight and a resultant potential degradation of the properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of water vapor sorbed by mineral fiber insulation exposed to a high-humidity atmosphere. This test method is applicable only to fibrous base material and binder. The results obtained by this test method cannot be used in describing faced products, since the facing is not tested by using this test method.  
1.2 The water vapor sorption characteristics of materials may be affected by conditions such as elevated temperatures or chemical exposures. Values obtained as a result of this test method may not adequately describe the water vapor sorption characteristics of materials subjected to these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Vapor retarders used on thermal insulation can be exposed to liquid water in normal usage. Some cannot tolerate such exposure without suffering damage. Others are designed to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure in their intended indoor usage. Still others are intended for outdoor applications and exposure to the elements. (not covered by this standard).  
3.2 This test is used to evaluate products or materials that are used where exposure to liquid water on the surfaces on an intermittent or occasional basis is possible. Such products would be expected to absorb very little water, if any, in this test.  
3.3 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant head pressure.  
3.4 The amount of water absorbed by a specimen is measured in this test. This is used to characterize the water resistance of the specimen. The less water absorbed, the more water resistant the surface is considered to be.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method details a procedure for the determination of the surface water resistance of a vapor retarder by measurement of the quantity of water absorbed in a specified time by the service-exposed surface of a vapor retarder intended for use on thermal insulation.  
1.2 This test method covers vapor retarders that are expected to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure to liquid water on the exposed side. Examples of this exposure are condensation and light rain during installation before a structure is enclosed.  
1.3 This method does not cover vapor retarders intended for exposure to the elements in outdoor applications.  
1.4 This method does not cover thermal insulation products that also act as vapor retarders, such as elastomeric foam and cellular glass.  
1.5 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant head pressure.  
1.6 The test method is based on Test Method D3285 (withdrawn), the so-called “Cobb” test used for paper.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each of the properties listed should be considered in selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the product specification.  
4.2 All of the properties are not required, and all of the tests outlined are not required. A condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the proposed use to determine which properties shall be required.  
4.3 Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such systems of finishes are often different from the unreinforced finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the reinforced system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for thermal insulation.  
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each property is defined, and its significance and suggested test methods are described.  
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this guide.    
Paragraph  
Application Properties  
6  
Consistency  
6.1  
Coverage  
6.2  
Build  
6.3  
Wet Flammability  
6.4  
Toxicity  
6.5  
Temperature and Humidity Range  
6.6  
Surface Wetting and Adhesion  
6.7  
Gap Filling and Bridging  
6.8  
Sizing and Sealing  
6.9  
Corrosion or Solvent Attack  
6.10  
Drying Time and Curing Time  
6.11  
Shrinkage  
6.12  
Storage Stability  
6.13  
Freeze-Thaw Stability  
6.14  
Service Properties  
7  
Specimen Preparation  
7.1  
Outdoor Durability  
7.2  
Environmental Resistance  
7.3  
Temperature Limits  
7.3.1  
Chemicals and Water Resistance  
7.3.2  
Mold and Mildew Resistance  
7.3.3  
Surface Flammability  
7.4  
Water-Vapor Transmission Rate  
7.5  
Adhesion  
7.6  
Damage Resistance  
7.7  
Impact Resistance  
7.7.1  
Abrasion Resistance  
7.7.2  
Stress Resistance  
7.8  
Flexure  
7.8.1  
Elongation  
7.8.2  
Color  
7.9  
Odor  
7.10  
Other Properties  
8  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some insulation materials contain moisture, which will affect the thermal and other physical properties of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method will determine the moisture content, as a percentage of the dry weight of organic and inorganic insulation materials.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Corrosion on the interior surface of metal jacketing can be caused by the formation of a galvanic cell between the dissimilar metals of the pipe and jacket or by crevice or pitting corrosion.  
5.2 The application of a moisture barrier to the interior surface of the metal jacketing inhibits this corrosion by interfering with the galvanic cell formation or by preventing water from contacting the interior metal surface.  
5.3 Holes in the moisture barrier decrease its effectiveness in preventing corrosion. Large holes, scratches, or tears in the moisture barrier visible to the naked eye are easily discerned and are cause for rejection of the metal jacketing.  
5.4 Small holes called pinholes or holidays that are not visible to the naked eye but are large enough to allow corrosion are a significant concern and should be avoided to the extent possible.  
5.5 This test method is used to quantify the concentration of pinhole detections present in a moisture barrier for the purpose of quality control on metal jacketing with an applied moisture barrier.  
5.6 Examples of standards which have specific requirements for the maximum allowable concentration of pinhole detections in the moisture barrier are Specifications C1729 and C1767.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of pinhole detections in a moisture barrier film or coating that is applied to the interior surface of metal jacketing.  
1.2 Since this method relies on the completion through the metal jacketing of an electrical circuit, this method is only applicable to jacketing that is electrically conductive and has a moisture barrier applied which is not electrically conductive.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to determine water vapor transmission rate of materials by means of a simple gravimetric procedure.  
5.2 Test Conditions:  
5.2.1 A WVTR result obtained in one method under one set of test conditions cannot be used to predict the result that would be obtained using the same method with a different set of conditions, or using the other method. See Appendix X3 for discussion of determining dependency of WVTR on different relative humidity (at a given temperature).  
5.2.2 Test conditions that are commonly used or are considered standard in various industries or research applications are listed as Procedures A-E in Appendix X1, but use of these conditions is not mandatory in the methods herein.  
5.2.3 Given the caution in 5.2.1, the selection of test conditions that closely approach exposure conditions of material in actual use is advised when possible.  
5.2.4 Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, test conditions are typically defined in codes, specifications, and manufacturer’s technical literature.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable values for water vapor transfer rate through materials, expressed in suitable units.  
5.2 A WVTR value obtained in one method under one set of test conditions is not necessarily indicative of the value that would be obtained using the other method or under a different set of conditions. See Appendix X3 for discussion of determining dependency of WVTR on different relative humidity (at a given temperature).  
5.3 Commonly used test conditions are listed in Appendix X1, but given the above caution, the selection of test conditions other than those listed, and which closely approach exposure conditions of material in actual use, is allowed. Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, environmental conditions are typically defined in product standard specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable values for water vapor transfer rate through materials, expressed in suitable units.  
5.2 A WVTR value obtained in one method under one set of test conditions is not necessarily indicative of the value that would be obtained using the other method or under a different set of conditions. See Appendix X3 for discussion of determining dependency of WVTR on different relative humidity (at a given temperature).  
5.3 Commonly used test conditions are listed in Appendix X1, but given the caution in 5.2, the selection of test conditions other than those listed, and which closely approach exposure conditions of material in actual use, is allowed. Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, environmental conditions are typically defined in product standard specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable values for water vapor transfer rate through materials, expressed in suitable units. A WVTR value obtained under one set of test conditions is not necessarily indicative of the value under a different set of conditions. For this reason, the test conditions are to be selected that most closely approach the conditions of use. Commonly used conditions are shown in Appendix X1. Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, environmental conditions are typically defined in product standard specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. Agreement is not to be expected between results obtained by different methods. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable values for water vapor transfer rate through materials, expressed in suitable units. A WVTR value obtained under one set of test conditions is not necessarily indicative of the value under a different set of conditions. For this reason, the test conditions are to be selected that most closely approach the conditions of use. Commonly used conditions are shown in Appendix X1. Where tests are conducted for classification or compliance purposes, environmental conditions are typically defined in product standard specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials, such as, but not limited to, paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, coatings, foams, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of WVTR. In these tests, the desired temperature and side-to-side humidity conditions, with resultant vapor drive through the specimen, are used. Agreement is not to be expected between results obtained by different methods. The test conditions employed are at the discretion of the user, but in all cases, are reported with the results.  
1.2 The values stated in either Inch-Pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Derived results are converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.15 perm (8.63 ng·Pa–1 · s–1 · m–2) or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 On systems operating at sub-ambient temperature, humid ambient conditions cause a vapor driving force toward the insulation. If not retarded, the driven moisture vapor is detrimental to the insulation's thermal resistance. A vapor retarder must resist degradation in order maintain its resistance to vapor passage. Degradation in this test method is induced by elevated temperature and humidity conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flexible low permeance vapor retarders for thermal insulation as classified in Specification C1136 to elevated temperature and humidity. Water vapor permeance measurement and visual inspection after exposure at elevated temperature and humidity are used to assess vapor retarder response.  
1.2 Typical vapor retarders evaluated in this test method are intended for indoor use and include foil-scrim-kraft laminates, metallized polyester-scrim-kraft laminates, treated fabrics, treated papers, films, foils, or combinations of these materials that comprise a vapor retarder material. This test method is not intended for assessment of the liquid-applied coatings, sealants, or mastics commonly used with insulation products.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water absorption of flat specimens of thermal insulation materials under isothermal conditions as a result of direct immersion in liquid water. It is intended for quality control and product and material specifications.  
6.2 The procedure to be used: A, B, or C as well as any exceptions shall be noted in material specifications citing this test method.  
6.3 Repeatability has been established only for one type and size of material at one immersion duration.
Note 1: Specifications referring to this test method are encouraged to establish repeatability for specific materials, immersion duration, and dimensions for inclusion in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat specimens of thermal insulations after these materials have been fully immersed in liquid water for a prescribed time interval under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Experience has shown that uncontrolled water entry into thermal insulation is the most serious factor causing impaired performance. Several ways exist by which water enters into an insulation system, the primary ones being diffusion of water vapor, air leakage carrying water vapor, and leakage of surface water. Application specifications for insulation systems that operate below ambient dew-point temperatures necessarily include an adequate vapor retarder system. A vapor retarder system is separate and distinct from the insulation itself, or is provided by the insulation itself when it is has adequate vapor resistant properties and all joints are properly sealed against water vapor intrusion, in which case a separate vapor retarder system is not necessary. For selection of adequate retarder systems to control vapor diffusion, it is necessary to establish acceptable practices and standards.  
4.2 Vapor Retarder Function—The primary function of a vapor retarder is to control movement of diffusing water vapor into or through a permeable insulation system. The vapor retarder system in some cases is designed to prevent entry of surface water. When properly functioning as a vapor retarder, it will also serve as a barrier to air leakage.  
4.3 Vapor Retarder Performance—Design choice of retarders will be affected by thickness of retarder materials, substrate to which applied, the number of joints, available length and width of sheet materials, useful life of the system, and inspection procedures. Each of these factors will have an effect on the retarder system performance and each must be considered and evaluated by the designer.  
4.3.1 Although this practice properly places major emphasis on selecting the best vapor retarders, it must be recognized that faulty installation is likely to impair vapor retarder performance. The effectiveness of installation or application techniques in obtaining design water vapor permeance (WVP) performance must be considered in the ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines factors to be considered, describes design principles and procedures for water vapor retarder selection, and defines water vapor transmission values appropriate for established criteria. It is intended for the guidance of design engineers in preparing vapor retarder application specifications for control of water vapor flow through thermal insulation. It covers commercial and residential building construction and industrial applications in the service temperature range from −40 to +150°F (−40 to +66°C). Emphasis is placed on the control of moisture penetration by choice of the most suitable components of the system.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water absorption of flat specimens of thermal insulation materials under isothermal conditions as a result of direct immersion in liquid water. It is intended for quality control and product and material specifications.  
6.2 The procedure to be used: A, B, or C as well as any exceptions shall be noted in material specifications citing this test method.  
6.3 Repeatability has been established only for one type and size of material at one immersion duration.
Note 1: Specifications referring to this test method are encouraged to establish repeatability for specific materials, immersion duration, and dimensions for inclusion in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat specimens of thermal insulations after these materials have been fully immersed in liquid water for a prescribed time interval under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Experience has shown that uncontrolled water entry into thermal insulation is the most serious factor causing impaired performance. Several ways exist by which water enters into an insulation system, the primary ones being diffusion of water vapor, air leakage carrying water vapor, and leakage of surface water. Application specifications for insulation systems that operate below ambient dew-point temperatures necessarily include an adequate vapor retarder system. A vapor retarder system is separate and distinct from the insulation itself, or is provided by the insulation itself when it is has adequate vapor resistant properties, in which case a separate vapor retarder system is not necessary. For selection of adequate retarder systems to control vapor diffusion, it is necessary to establish acceptable practices and standards.  
4.2 Vapor Retarder Function—The primary function of a vapor retarder is to control movement of diffusing water vapor into or through a permeable insulation system. The vapor retarder system in some cases is designed to prevent entry of surface water. When properly functioning as a vapor retarder, it will also serve as a barrier to air leakage.  
4.3 Vapor Retarder Performance—Design choice of retarders will be affected by thickness of retarder materials, substrate to which applied, the number of joints, available length and width of sheet materials, useful life of the system, and inspection procedures. Each of these factors will have an effect on the retarder system performance and each must be considered and evaluated by the designer.  
4.3.1 Although this practice properly places major emphasis on selecting the best vapor retarders, it must be recognized that faulty installation is likely to impair vapor retarder performance. The effectiveness of installation or application techniques in obtaining design water vapor permeance (WVP) performance must be considered in the selection of retarder materials.  
4.3.2 It is impractical to sp...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines factors to be considered, describes design principles and procedures for water vapor retarder selection, and defines water vapor transmission values appropriate for established criteria. It is intended for the guidance of design engineers in preparing vapor retarder application specifications for control of water vapor flow through thermal insulation. It covers commercial and residential building construction and industrial applications in the service temperature range from −40 to +150°F (−40 to +66°C). Emphasis is placed on the control of moisture penetration by choice of the most suitable components of the system.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 On systems operating at sub-ambient temperature, humid ambient conditions cause a vapor driving force toward the insulation. If not retarded, the driven moisture vapor is detrimental to the insulation's thermal resistance. A vapor retarder must resist degradation in order maintain its resistance to vapor passage. Degradation in this test method is induced by elevated temperature and humidity conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flexible low permeance vapor retarders for thermal insulation as classified in Specification C1136 to elevated temperature and humidity. Water vapor permeance measurement and visual inspection after exposure at elevated temperature and humidity are used to assess vapor retarder response.  
1.2 Typical vapor retarders evaluated in this test method are intended for indoor use and include foil-scrim-kraft laminates, metallized polyester-scrim-kraft laminates, treated fabrics, treated papers, films, foils, or combinations of these materials that comprise a vapor retarder material. This test method is not intended for assessment of the liquid-applied coatings, sealants, or mastics commonly used with insulation products.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Experience has shown that uncontrolled water entry into thermal insulation is the most serious factor causing impaired performance. Water entry into an insulation system may be through diffusion of water vapor, air leakage carrying water vapor, and leakage of surface water. Application specifications for insulation systems that operate below ambient dew-point temperatures should include an adequate vapor retarder system. This may be separate and distinct from the insulation system or may be an integral part of it. For selection of adequate retarder systems to control vapor diffusion, it is necessary to establish acceptable practices and standards.  
4.2 Vapor Retarder Function—Water entry into an insulation system may be through diffusion of water vapor, air leakage carrying water vapor, and leakage of surface water. The primary function of a vapor retarder is to control movement of diffusing water vapor into or through a permeable insulation system. The vapor retarder system alone is seldom intended to prevent either entry of surface water or air leakage, but it may be considered as a second line of defense.  
4.3 Vapor Retarder Performance—Design choice of retarders will be affected by thickness of retarder materials, substrate to which applied, the number of joints, available length and width of sheet materials, useful life of the system, and inspection procedures. Each of these factors will have an effect on the retarder system performance and each must be considered and evaluated by the designer.  
4.3.1 Although this practice properly places major emphasis on selecting the best vapor retarders, it must be recognized that faulty installation techniques can impair vapor retarder performance. The effectiveness of installation or application techniques in obtaining design water vapor transmission (WVT) performance must be considered in the selection of retarder materials.
FIG. 1 Dew Point (Dp) Relation to Water Vapor Pressure  
4.3.2 As an example of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice outlines factors to be considered, describes design principles and procedures for water vapor retarder selection, and defines water vapor transmission values appropriate for established criteria. It is intended for the guidance of design engineers in preparing vapor retarder application specifications for control of water vapor flow through thermal insulation. It covers commercial and residential building construction and industrial applications in the service temperature range from −40 to +150°F (−40 to +66°C). Emphasis is placed on the control of moisture penetration by choice of the most suitable components of the system.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.10 perm or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
4.3.1 By reporting results on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area, specimens of different thicknesses can be compared equitably. For some specimens, the water intake ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Sag Resistance (Build)  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.10 perm or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.  
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.  
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.10 perm or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.  
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.  
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Both physical and chemical changes possibly occur from weather exposure, and these changes affect performance properties, service life, and maintenance schedules. For this reason, tests of properties relating to performance shall be made both before and after specific periods of outdoor exposure.  
5.2 This test method recognizes that differing geographical locations, environmental conditions, differences between surface temperatures and ambient temperatures, and test durations have extremely varied effects upon the test results.  
5.3 This test method is to be used for comparative qualitative testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers out-of-doors exposure testing of finishes that are normally field-applied to thermal insulation and possibly include joints or joint sealants, or both. Such exposure is essential prior to the determination of certain physical properties when the finish is to be exposed to exterior weather conditions. This test method also indicates possible compatibility problems between the joint sealant and the finish as well as the ability of the finish to span a dry joint. This test method is not intended to evaluate mildew resistance, efflorescence, or chemical resistance.  
Note 1: For testing free plastic films, see Practice D1435.  
1.2 This test method does not prescribe the method of application, test duration, or inspection intervals.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Corrosion on the interior surface of metal jacketing can be caused by the formation of a galvanic cell between the dissimilar metals of the pipe and jacket or by crevice or pitting corrosion.  
5.2 The application of a moisture barrier to the interior surface of the metal jacketing inhibits this corrosion by interfering with the galvanic cell formation or by preventing water from contacting the interior metal surface.  
5.3 Holes in the moisture barrier decrease its effectiveness in preventing corrosion. Large holes, scratches, or tears in the moisture barrier visible to the naked eye are easily discerned and are cause for rejection of the metal jacketing.  
5.4 Small holes called pinholes or holidays that are not visible to the naked eye but are large enough to allow corrosion are a significant concern and should be avoided to the extent possible.  
5.5 This test method is used to quantify the concentration of pinhole detections present in a moisture barrier for the purpose of quality control on metal jacketing with an applied moisture barrier.  
5.6 Examples of standards which have specific requirements for the maximum allowable concentration of pinhole detections in the moisture barrier are Specifications C1729 and C1767.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of pinhole detections in a moisture barrier film or coating that is applied to the interior surface of metal jacketing.  
1.2 Since this method relies on the completion through the metal jacketing of an electrical circuit, this method is only applicable to jacketing that is electrically conductive and has a moisture barrier applied which is not electrically conductive.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, for a specified temperature, by means of a specified laboratory procedure, the values of the equilibrium moisture content at various levels of RH. These values are used either as means to characterize the material or as material characteristics needed as input to appropriate computer models that can simulate wetting or drying potential of individual building materials or material assemblies under specified environmental conditions.  
4.2 A specified value of the equilibrium moisture content can also be used for material characterization. If this type of material characterization is called for in a material specification (for example, mineral or cellulose fiber insulation), the equilibrium at 95 ± 3 %RH shall be used.  
4.3 For ease and repeatability of measurements, the measurements for characterization are performed on adsorption isotherms. Though desorption is the reverse of adsorption, most porous materials reach different equilibrium levels during these two processes. Usually, the equilibrium moisture content on the desorption isotherm is higher than that on the adsorption isotherm for the same level of RH.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a laboratory procedure for the determination of hygroscopic sorption isotherms of any construction materials. The method was originally developed for the ASTM Thermal Insulation committee.  
1.2 For material characterization, the primary emphasis is on the adsorption isotherm (that is, sorption isotherm that describes the wetting process of the material from the oven-dry condition).  
1.3 Determination of desorption isotherm, (that is, sorption isotherm that describes the drying process of a material from the state of absolute saturation with water) is performed when information on drying characteristics of construction materials is required. Typically both adsorption and desorption isotherms are required for the purpose of hygrothermal models.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these tests is to obtain, by means of simple apparatus, reliable values of water vapor transfer through permeable and semipermeable materials, expressed in suitable units. These values are for use in design, manufacture, and marketing. A permeance value obtained under one set of test conditions may not indicate the value under a different set of conditions. For this reason, the test conditions should be selected that most closely approach the conditions of use. While any set of conditions may be used and those conditions reported, standard conditions that have been useful are shown in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission (WVT) of materials through which the passage of water vapor may be of importance, such as paper, plastic films, other sheet materials, fiberboards, gypsum and plaster products, wood products, and plastics. The test methods are limited to specimens not over 11/4 in. [32 mm] in thickness except as provided in Section 9. Two basic methods, the Desiccant Method and the Water Method, are provided for the measurement of permeance, and two variations include service conditions with one side wetted and service conditions with low humidity on one side and high humidity on the other. Agreement should not be expected between results obtained by different methods. The method should be selected that more nearly approaches the conditions of use.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. However, derived results can be converted from one system to the other using appropriate conversion factors (see Table 1). (A) These units are used in the construction trade. Other units may be used in other standards.(B) All conversions of mm Hg to Pa are made at a temperature of 0°C.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Corrosion on the interior surface of metal jacketing can be caused by the formation of a galvanic cell between the dissimilar metals of the pipe and jacket or by crevice or pitting corrosion.  
5.2 The application of a moisture barrier to the interior surface of the metal jacketing inhibits this corrosion by interfering with the galvanic cell formation or by preventing water from contacting the interior metal surface.  
5.3 Holes in the moisture barrier decrease its effectiveness in preventing corrosion. Large holes, scratches, or tears in the moisture barrier visible to the naked eye are easily discerned and are cause for rejection of the metal jacketing.  
5.4 Small holes called pinholes or holidays that are not visible to the naked eye but are large enough to allow corrosion are a significant concern and should be avoided to the extent possible.  
5.5 This test method is used to quantify the concentration of pinhole detections present in a moisture barrier for the purpose of quality control on metal jacketing with an applied moisture barrier.  
5.6 Examples of standards which have specific requirements for the maximum allowable concentration of pinhole detections in the moisture barrier are Specifications C1729 and C1767.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of pinhole detections in a moisture barrier film or coating that is applied to the interior surface of metal jacketing.  
1.2 Since this method relies on the completion through the metal jacketing of an electrical circuit, this method is only applicable to jacketing that is electrically conductive and has a moisture barrier applied which is not electrically conductive.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the water absorption of flat specimens of thermal insulation materials under isothermal conditions as a result of direct immersion in liquid water. It is intended for quality control and product and material specifications.  
6.2 The procedure to be used: A, B, or C as well as any exceptions shall be noted in material specifications citing this test method.  
6.3 Repeatability has been established only for one type and size of material at one immersion duration.
Note 1: Specifications referring to this test method are encouraged to establish repeatability for specific materials, immersion duration, and dimensions for inclusion in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (excluding surface water) by flat specimens of thermal insulations after these materials have been fully immersed in liquid water for a prescribed time interval under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to partial immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapour barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use. Take the samples for laboratory examination from the original containers immediately after stirring to a uniform condition. Determine the number of containers sampled as required representing a shipment. Open the original containers and examine them for uniformity of contents. The procedures for determining the stability of coatings under freezing are presented in details. The paper covers the determination of the volume of volatile matter and the coverage per unit of dry film thickness of mastics and coatings. Application of the material to the test panels shall meet the requirements prescribed, or to the thickness and by the method to be followed in practice, such as spray, brush, or trowel. Test the coated panel prepared in accordance with the required method at 15-min intervals to determine the time required to set-to-touch, and at 30-min intervals to determine the time to reach practical hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing mastics and coatings for use as weather and vapor barrier finishes on thermal insulations and for other accessory use.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Section  
Sampling  
4  
Uniformity and Storage Stability  
5  
Stability Under Freezing  
6  
Density and Weight per Gallon  
7  
Consistency  
8  
Solids Content  
9  
Content of Volatiles and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
10  
Build  
11  
Drying Time  
12  
Flash Point  
13  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Corrosion on the interior surface of metal jacketing can be caused by the formation of a galvanic cell between the dissimilar metals of the pipe and jacket or by crevice or pitting corrosion.  
5.2 The application of a moisture barrier to the interior surface of the metal jacketing inhibits this corrosion by interfering with the galvanic cell formation or by preventing water from contacting the interior metal surface.  
5.3 Holes in the moisture barrier decrease its effectiveness in preventing corrosion. Large holes, scratches, or tears in the moisture barrier visible to the naked eye are easily discerned and are cause for rejection of the metal jacketing.  
5.4 Small holes called pinholes or holidays that are not visible to the naked eye but are large enough to allow corrosion are a significant concern and should be avoided to the extent possible.  
5.5 This test method is used to quantify the concentration of pinhole detections present in a moisture barrier for the purpose of quality control on metal jacketing with an applied moisture barrier.  
5.6 Examples of standards which have specific requirements for the maximum allowable concentration of pinhole detections in the moisture barrier are Specifications C1729 and C1767.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of pinhole detections in a moisture barrier film or coating that is applied to the interior surface of metal jacketing.  
1.2 Since this method relies on the completion through the metal jacketing of an electrical circuit, this method is only applicable to jacketing that is electrically conductive and has a moisture barrier applied which is not electrically conductive.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.