D02.G0.03 - Physical Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.  
5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100 °C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.  
1.2 This test method can be used on any grease with a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220 mm/10 (NLGI Consistency Number 3 or softer). However, no precision data exists for greases with a penetration greater than 340 mm/10 (softer than NLGI Consistency Number 1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh is used to describe the wire mesh used. This unit was described in the withdrawn E437 standard and there is no exact metric equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2: To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 °C (300 °F), see Test Methods D2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance of conventional soap thickeners because dropping point is a static test. Above 200 °C, the dropping point has no correlation with the maximum upper operating temperature of the grease.  
5.2 Historical cooperative testing4 on conventional soap-thickened greases indicated ( RR:D02-1164) that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 were in agreement up to 200 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 Warning—The dropping point as measured by this test is an artificially corrected number that does not have any bearing on the performance of the grease at elevated temperature. The dropping point as defined by this test method may not correlate with a value of the dropping point as determined by Test Method D566 (ISO 2176).  
1.3  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a lubricating grease separates oil, the remaining composition increases in consistency. This can affect the ability of the product to function as designed.  
5.2 It has been found that the results of this test correlate directly with the oil separation that occurs in 35 lb pails of grease during storage.  
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of the grease under dynamic conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in both normally filled and partially filled containers.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases softer than NLGI No. 1 grade.
FIG. 1 Pressure Bleeding Test Cell A  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, except for the dimensions in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, where inch-pound units are standard.
FIG. 2 Detailed Drawing of Pressure Bleeding Test Cell A
Note 1: All dimensions are in millimeters (inches).
Note 2: Tolerances are ±0.51 mm (0.02 in.) for 2 place decimals, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: Tolerances are ±0.127 mm (0.005 in.) for 3 place decimals, unless otherwise specified.
FIG. 3 Pressure Bleeding Test Cell B  
FIG. 4 Pressure Bleeding Test Cell C  
FIG. 5 Detailed Drawing of Pressure Bleeding Test Cell C—Strainer Assembly
Note 1: All dimensions are in millimeters (inches).
Note 2: Tolerances are ±0.51 mm (0.02 in.) for 2 place decimals, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: Tolerances are ±0.127 mm (0.005 in.) for 3 place decimals, unless otherwise specified.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in evaluating the degree to which a grease would separate into fluid and solid components when subjected to high centrifugal forces. Flexible shaft couplings, universal joints, and rolling element thrust bearings are examples of machinery which subject lubricating greases to large and prolonged centrifugal forces. This test method has been found to give results that correlate well with results from actual service. The test method may be run at other conditions with agreement between parties but the precision noted in this test method will no longer apply.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil when subjected to high centrifugal forces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance of conventional soap thickeners because dropping point is a static test. Above 200 °C, the dropping point has no correlation with the maximum upper operating temperature of the grease.  
5.2 Historical cooperative testing4 on conventional soap-thickened greases indicated ( RR:D02-1164) that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 were in agreement up to 200 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 Warning—The dropping point as measured by this test is an artificially corrected number that does not have any bearing on the performance of the grease at elevated temperature. The dropping point as defined by this test method may not correlate with a value of the dropping point as determined by Test Method D566 (ISO 2176).  
1.3  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test.  
5.2 Historical cooperative testing3 on conventional soap-thickened greases indicated ( RR:D02-1164) that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 were in agreement up to 200 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a lubricating grease separates oil, the remaining composition increases in consistency. This can affect the ability of the product to function as designed.  
5.2 It has been found that the results of this test correlate directly with the oil separation that occurs in 35 lb pails of grease during storage.  
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of the grease under dynamic conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in both normally filled and partially filled containers.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases softer than NLGI No. 1 grade.    
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under the conditions of test. This change in state is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greases containing as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.
Note 1: Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D566 and Test Method D2265 are in agreement. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288 °C. For higher temperatures Test Method D2265 should be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—This test method uses mercury-filled thermometers. Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website— http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G.3, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.  
5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100 °C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.  
1.2 This test method can be used on any grease with a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220 mm/10 (NLGI Consistency Number 3 or softer). However, no precision data exists for greases with a penetration greater than 340 mm/10 (softer than NLGI Consistency Number 1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh is used to describe the wire mesh used. This unit was described in the withdrawn E437 standard and there is no exact metric equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.  
5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100 °C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for use with most all greases, but the test precision was established using greases having a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220 (NLGI No. 3 grade) and less than 340 (NLGI No. 1 grade).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh was originally described in the now withdrawn E437 standard. It is used to describe the wire mesh because there is no exact metric equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.  
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2: To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 °C (300 °F), see Test Methods D2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under the conditions of test. This change in state is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greases containing as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.
Note 1: Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D5663 and Test Method D2265 are in agreement. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288 °C. For higher temperatures Test Method D2265 should be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—This test method uses mercury-filled thermometers. Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPA’s website— http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G.3, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test.  
5.2 Cooperative testing3 indicates that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 are in agreement up to 260 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test.  
5.2 Cooperative testing3 indicates that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 are in agreement up to 260 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.  
5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.
Note 1: No data have been developed to compare results between this test method and Test Method D1742.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100°C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for use with most all greases, but the test precision was established using greases having a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220 (NLGI No. 3 grade) and less than 340 (NLGI No. 1 grade).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh was originally described in the now withdrawn E437 standard. It is used to describe the wire mesh because there is no exact metric equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test.  
5.2 Cooperative testing3 indicates that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 are in agreement up to 260°C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in evaluating the degree to which a grease would separate into fluid and solid components when subjected to high centrifugal forces. Flexible shaft couplings, universal joints, and rolling element thrust bearings are examples of machinery which subject lubricating greases to large and prolonged centrifugal forces. This test method has been found to give results that correlate well with results from actual service. The test method may be run at other conditions with agreement between parties but the precision noted in this test method will no longer apply.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil when subjected to high centrifugal forces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When a lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material changes in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are intended to correlate with oil separation that occurs in 35-lb pails of grease during storage. They are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.
Note 1—No quantitative relationship between results and oil separation in 35-lb pails has been developed.
This test method is used for specifications and quality control.
Note 2—No data have been developed to compare results between this test method and Test Method D 1742.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100°C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases having a penetration (Test Methods D 217) greater than 340 (softer than NLGI No. 1 grade).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100°C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in July 2014 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a lubricating grease separates oil, the remaining composition increases in consistency. This can affect the ability of the product to function as designed.  
5.2 It has been found that the results of this test correlate directly with the oil separation that occurs in 35-lb pails of grease during storage.  
5.3 This test method is not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of the grease under dynamic conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in both normally filled and partially filled containers.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases softer than NLGI No. 1 grade.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, except for the dimensions in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, where inch-pound units are standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under the conditions of test. This change in state is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greases containing as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.
Note 1—Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D 566 and Test Method D 2265 are in agreement. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288°C. For higher temperatures Test Method D 2265 should be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in evaluating the degree to which a grease would separate into fluid and solid components when subjected to high centrifugal forces. Flexible shaft couplings, universal joints, and rolling element thrust bearings are examples of machinery which subject lubricating greases to large and prolonged centrifugal forces. This test method has been found to give results that correlate well with results from actual service. The test method may be run at other conditions with agreement between parties but the precision noted in this test method will no longer apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil when subjected to high centrifugal forces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 and 150°C (210 to 300°F).
Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2—To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150°C (300°F), see Test Methods D 2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 to 150°C (210 to 300°F).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D 972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When a lubricating grease separates oil, the remaining composition increases in consistency. This can affect the ability of the product to function as designed.
It has been found that the results of this test correlate directly with the oil separation that occurs in 35-lb pails of grease during storage.
This test method is not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of the grease under dynamic conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in both normally filled and partially filled containers.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases softer than NLGI No. 1 grade.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, except for the dimensions in and , where inch-pound units are standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see .

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance because dropping point is a static test.
Cooperative testing3 indicates that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D 2265 and Test Method D 566 are in agreement up to 260°C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In general, the dropping point is the temperature at which the grease passes from a semisolid to a liquid state under the conditions of test. This change in state is typical of greases containing as thickeners soaps of conventional types. Greases containing as thickeners materials other than conventional soaps can, without change in state, separate oil. This test method is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance as dropping point is a static test.
Note 1—Cooperative testing indicates that in general, dropping points by Test Method D 5665 and Test Method D 2265 are in agreement. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288°C. For higher temperatures Test Method D2265 should be used.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 and 150°C (210 to 300°F).
Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ±0.02 g/min, (2L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2—To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150°C (300°F), see Test Methods D 2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 to 150°C (210 to 300°F).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents of the other; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in both normally filled and partially filled containers.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases softer than NLGI No. 1 grade.  
1.3 Values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard except for the dimensions in Fig. 2 where inch-pound units are standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted to a 100°C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for greases having a penetration (Test Methods D 217) greater than 340 (softer than NLGI No. 1 grade).  
1.3 Values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in evaluating the degree to which a grease would separate into fluid and solid components when subjected to high centrifugal forces. Flexible shaft couplings, universal joints, and rolling element thrust bearings are examples of machinery which subject lubricating greases to large and prolonged centrifugal forces. This test method has been found to give results that correlate well with results from actual service. The test method may be run at other conditions with agreement between parties but the precision noted in this test method will no longer apply.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil when subjected to high centrifugal forces.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)
Note 1—The specified flow of air, 2.58 ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10°C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 and 316°C (200 and 600°F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D 972, which is limited to 149°C (300°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Historically, the dropping point was the temperature at which the grease passed from a semisolid to a liquid state under the conditions of test. This change in state is typical of greases containing thickeners of conventional soap types. Greases containing thickeners other than conventional soaps can, without a change in state, separate oil. This test method is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance of conventional soap thickeners as dropping point is a static test. Above 200 °C, the dropping point has no correlation with the maximum upper operating temperature of the grease.
Note 1: Historical cooperative testing on conventional soap-thickened greases indicated ( RR:D02-1164) that in general, dropping points by Test Method D566 and Test Method D2265 were in agreement. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between producer and consumer as to the test method used is advisable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method is not recommended for use at bath temperatures above 288 °C. For higher temperatures Test Method D2265 should be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—The dropping point does not have any bearing on the performance of the grease.  
1.5 WARNING—This test method uses mercury-filled thermometers. Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G.3, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4 and 8.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in March 2023 and replaced by Test Method D2265 for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide Temperature Range. This test method was withdrawn because the method created considerable occupational, environmental, and regulatory challenges, and D2265 was identified as a suitable replacement. One challenge with the method was that it utilized an oil bath over open flame and created considerable risk of fire and/or burns to the operator. Another challenge was that the method utilized thermometers from ASTM E1, mercury in glass thermometers, which are illegal to use in some countries/states, create occupational hazards for the operator, and create disposal challenges when the thermometers are no longer usabl...