D04.22 - Effect of Water and Other Elements on Asphalt Coated Aggregates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in brackets shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful as an indicator of the relative susceptibility of asphalt-coated aggregate to water, but should not be used as a measure of field performance because such correlation has not been established. If loss of adhesion due to water is indicated, testing by other procedures should be conducted to further evaluate the mixture.  
5.2 This practice should not be used for acceptance/rejection by owner agencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a rapid procedure for visually observing the loss of adhesion in uncompacted asphalt-coated aggregate mixtures due to the action of boiling water.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
4.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
4.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests, including Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Method D6926 or D6752/D6752M for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO T 378, and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber, and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document, and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The compressive strength of specimens prepared and tested by this test method along with density and voids properties are used for laboratory mix design of asphalt mixtures. One approach is described in ASTM STP 252.4  
3.1.1 This test method also describes the methods for molding, curing, and testing of specimens being evaluated by Test Method D1075.  
3.1.2 When used in conjunction with other mixture physical properties, the compressive strength may contribute to the overall mixture characterization and is one factor determining its suitability for use under given loading conditions and environment as a highway paving material.  
3.2 Typical values of minimum compressive strengths for design of asphalt mixtures by this test method for different traffic densities are given in Table 401-1 of the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects.3 Some state departments of transportation and federal agencies have specific requirements of their own based on their experience with this test method. The agencies should be consulted for their specific requirements if work is to meet their standards.  
3.3 Reheated mixtures are permissible in this test method, but the resulting compressive strengths will be higher than for newly prepared mixtures due to the change in the binder viscosity, an element of the compressive strength as measured under these loading conditions and temperature.5
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggest...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a method for measuring the compressive strength of compacted asphalt mixtures. It is for use with specimens weighed, batched, mixed, and fabricated in the laboratory, as well as for mixtures manufactured in a hot-mix plant.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt concrete mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
3.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
3.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests including, Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Methods D6926 or D6752 for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO TP 79 and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Practice D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful as an indicator of the relative susceptibility of bituminous-coated aggregate to water, but should not be used as a measure of field performance because such correlation has not been established. If loss of adhesion due to water is indicated, testing by other procedures should be conducted to further evaluate the mixture.
This practice should not be used for acceptance/rejection by owner agencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a rapid procedure for visually observing the loss of adhesion in uncompacted bituminous-coated aggregate mixtures due to the action of boiling water.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to test asphalt concrete mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D 3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The compressive strength of specimens prepared and tested by this test method along with density and voids properties are used for laboratory mix design of bituminous mixtures. One approach is described in ASTM STP 252.  
This test method also describes the methods for molding, curing, and testing of specimens being evaluated by Test Method D 1075.
When used in conjunction with other mixture physical properties, the compressive strength may contribute to the overall mixture characterization and is one factor determining its suitability for use under given loading conditions and environment as a highway paving material.
Typical values of minimum compressive strengths for design of bituminous mixtures by this test method for different traffic densities are given in Table 401-1 of the “Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects.” Some state departments of transportation and federal agencies have specific requirements of their own based on their experience with this test method. The agencies should be consulted for their specific requirements if work is to meet their standards.
Reheated mixtures are permissible in this test method, but the resulting compressive strengths will be higher than for newly prepared mixtures due to the change in the binder viscosity, an element of the compressive strength as measured under these loading conditions and temperature.  
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Standard Practice D 3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with D 3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of D 3666 or some simila...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a method for measuring the compressive strength of compacted bituminous mixtures. It is for use with specimens weighed, batched, mixed, and fabricated in the laboratory, as well as for mixtures manufactured in a hot-mix plant.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful as an indicator of the susceptibility to moisture of compacted bitumen-aggregate mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the loss of compressive strength resulting from the action of water on compacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement. A numerical index of reduced compressive strength is obtained by comparing the compressive strength of freshly molded and cured specimens with the compressive strength of duplicate specimens that have been immersed in water under prescribed conditions.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful as an indicator of the relative susceptibility of bituminous-coated aggregate to water, but should not be used as a measure of field performance because such correlation has not been established. If loss of adhesion due to water is indicated, testing by other procedures should be conducted to further evaluate the mixture.
This practice should not be used for acceptance/rejection by owner agencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a rapid procedure for visually observing the loss of adhesion in uncompacted bituminous-coated aggregate mixtures due to the action of boiling water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the loss of compressive strength resulting from the action of water on compacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement. A numerical index of reduced compressive strength is obtained by comparing the compressive strength of freshly molded and cured specimens with the compressive strength of duplicate specimens that have been immersed in water under prescribed conditions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to test asphalt concrete mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D 3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a rapid procedure for visually observing the loss of adhesion in uncompacted bituminous-coated aggregate mixtures due to the action of boiling water.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the loss of compressive strength resulting from the action of water on compacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement. A numerical index of reduced compressive strength is obtained by comparing the compressive strength of freshly molded and cured specimens with the compressive strength of duplicate specimens that have been immersed in water under prescribed conditions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D 3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in parentheses shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful as an indicator of the susceptibility to moisture of compacted bitumen-aggregate mixtures.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Standard Practice are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the loss of compressive strength resulting from the action of water on compacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement. A numerical index of reduced compressive strength is obtained by comparing the compressive strength of freshly molded and cured specimens with the compressive strength of duplicate specimens that have been immersed in water under prescribed conditions.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered measurement of the loss of compressive strength resulting from the action of water on compacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials, this test method was withdrawn in August 2019. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.